-
500
Dark Ages
Also known as the middle ages. A period with many religious struggles. Orthodox Christians knew this time as a period of Catholic corruption. They disagreed the ways of the Catholic Church. They attempted to re-form to pure Christianity, avoiding the “dark” Catholic ways. This age was important because the ideas that were gained from is what lead movements such as The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening. -
1095
Mesoamerica Aztecs Caste System
The crusaded was a 200-year military movement started by Christian Europeans to win back the holy land that was occupied by the Muslims. The holy land was Jerusalem. They were ready to go to war for the land because they were told that their sins would be forgiven, and they are destined to go to heaven when they died. Peasants go the chance to escape their slavery. Muslims won. Europeans went after America. -
1300
Slavery
The Atlantic Slave Trade was between the 1500s and the 1800s. Millions of Africans were captured and shipped across the Atlantic then sold as slaves in the Americas. The Atlantic Slave trade was caused when natives started to die out due to European diseases. Almost and slaves were good replacements to work on their land. The middle passage was the route between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade. -
1347
The Black Death
Rats were covered with fleas which held deadly germs. They were imported into Europe with goods that were being traded. The fleas would jump off person to person biting and infected people as they go. First symptoms were vomiting, headaches, and tongue turned white. The Black Death killed 25 million people. Europe had to deal with labor shortage, production of goods declined, and food shortages were very common. -
Period: 1400 to
Beginnings To Exploration
-
1415
The Renaissance
Leonardo Da Vinci was the perfect model for Renaissance man because he was interested in how things work. He was an architect, painter, inventor, musician, engineer, writer, anatomist, botanist and a sculptor. His designs later helped invent things that are now still in use. He’s very much important for his art and art in general. He has impacted many artists. -
1492
Columbian Exchange
Europeans carried deadly viruses and bacteria like smallpox and measles and which Native Americans had no immunity. Many things were exchanged during the time, like plants, animals, technology, religion and economy. -
1492
The Year Of 1492
The year 1492 holds the importance of Columbus coming to the New World. He only thought of it to be an island until he explored through it. He then discovered the sea route to America. He also led three ships out of the Spanish port of Palos. His goal was to sail west towards Asia (the Indies) where there was riches of golds and pearls. -
Period: 1492 to
Colonial America To 1763
-
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade involved three voyages which were from England to Africa, Africa to the Americas and The Americas back to England. The three major categories during these voyages were raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves. The raw materials and natural resources involved rice, tobacco, cotton, and sugar which were found in the 13 colonies. The manufactured products were from England and Europe. Slaves were from West Africa, many who worked in the slave plantations. -
Colonial Economies
The geography and climate impacted the trade and economic actions of New England Colonies. In the towns of New England, colonists made a living from whaling, fishing, and shipbuilding. Coil was rocky and thin which was bad for farming. The region began to expand due to immigrants coming in and families grew. They also worked in agriculture. Colonist depended on mainly fishing, shipbuilding, lumber and fur trades. Slaves were allowed but very few had slaves -
English Colonization
The English wanted to settle in the Americas hoping to get rich like the Spanish did. They did have a few complications; planting, harsh weather, Indians and Spanish. The first Englishman to think about colonizing America was Humphrey Gilbert. Walter Raleigh was Gilberts brother. The first colony in America was Jamestown, 1607, in Virginia. John smith was the English colonist to help find Jamestown. -
Chesapeake Colonies
The Chesapeake colonies are in Maryland and Virginia. Economy consist of growing lots of tobacco as cash crops. Many rural settlements. Started with indentured servants but switched to slaves. Small amount of families, lots of white male indentured servants, low life expectancy. Governor was appointed by England, voting requirements had to be white and owned land. Religious freedom to Christians only. -
New England Colonies
The pilgrims migrated from England searching for religious freedom. Where they rode the Mayflower. They land and settle in Plymouth Colony. The colonist of Plymouth colonies was known as Puritans. Who believed the church of England needed to be purified, and the Bible guided people to do things the right way. The Mayflower compact was a document drafted before settling in Plymouth, stating that the males who signed agreed to accept the rules and play part in the government. -
Navigation Acts
This navigation acts were focused towards the Dutch, became strict on all trade between England and the colonies to be passed in English or colonial vessels. There were laws that controlled trade between England and its colonies. Only ships could carry goods from colonies to other places. -
Issues- Nathaniel Bacon
Nathanial Bacon was a rich colonist from Virginia Colony, well known as the instigator of Bacons rebellion of 1676. Bacons' rebellion was the first rebellion in American Colonies. It dealt with slavery, the rebelling involved both white and black indentured servants, which is what worried the higher classes. The rebellion was caused because William Berkley refused to compromise against native Americans and denied people who were seeking land to claim. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials happened in the colonies of Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. After a group of young girls in Salem Village, claimed to have been possessed by the devil. The young girls began to accuse many local women of practicing witchcraft also known as the Devil's magic. The accusations grew, and 200 people were accused of working witchcraft, and 20 were founded guilty and were led to execution. Later, the Governor forgave all the witched and ordered them to be release from prison -
Caribbean Colonies
Sugar was the most produced crop on plantations throughout the Caribbean in the 18th up until the 20th centuries. Most islands were covered with sugar cane fields and mills to improve it. Working in the sugar field was very harsh. They also had factories that converted the sugar canes into raw sugar and that then turned into rum. sugar cane crops were considered the "rich man's crop." A big amount of money had to be invested in sugar crops to be successful. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was the age of thinking. John Locke believed that people were born with Life liberty and property, "God-given rights'' and the government cannot take that away from them. Locke believed that rights should be protected and people make governments. he also believed that the best government had limited powers. he belived highly in social contracts between citizens rights and governemt. -
Labor Changes
There were many industrial and economic improvements of the industrial revolution, this also brought important social changes. This causes an increase in population and somewhat more job opportunities. Lowell Mills were young female workers who came to work in Massachusetts during the industrial revolution. They were daughters of landowning New England farmers, usually between the ages of 15 -35 -
Act of Union
The Act of Union were two parliaments; Scotland act and the England act. They were both passed by English and Scottish parliament, which led to the making of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scottish parliament was merged, and England and Scotland became one country. -
The Great Awakening
The great awakening was a major religious movement that impacted the colonies and Europe in the 1700s. There was rapid growth of religions. The Great Awakening also promoted equality. John Locke believed that all people are free, equal and have a God-given right to life, liberty, and property. George Whitefield was a minister from Britain. Whitefield sent his message around colonies down the Atlantic coast. He convinced English colonists to join local churches and revive Christian faith. -
Seven-Years War/ French and Indian War
Also known as the French and Indian war. The disagreement started over the company of British and French settlers in the Ohio River Valley. This led to battles that were fought far away from the area. Both French and English wanted exclusive rights to the land because of the economic bringing and great wildlife. This led to war which both France and Britain suffered financially because of the war. Britain won the battle, but they still faced many problems. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
-
Period: to
The Revolutionary War 1763-1783
-
Acts of Parliament
Parliament gave commissioners permission to search houses for smuggled items that entered the colonies without payments/ customs duties. Townshend act passed in June 1767. Things like lead, paper, tea, glass, and paint are taxed. Colonists were angry and boycotted British goods like jewelry, clothes, and more. In 1770, parliament repealed all the Townshend Acts except for the tax on tea. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston massacre were fights between soldiers and colonist. The British soldiers traveled to America to protects the Customs Officials from getting attacked by the sons & daughters of liberty. The colonists called the soldiers rude names that made the soldiers mad and started destroying colonist property. Then the colonists crowded up and threw rocks. In return the soldiers fired the crowd and killing 5 colonists. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a protest by the Sons of Liberty, American colonists in Boston who were against the tax on tea that had been put on by the British government. Boston patriots were dressed as Indians and attacked three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped 342 containers of tea into the harbor. -
Virtual Representation
It was the idea that the British parliament members virtually represented British colonists by speaking for them, instead of the district they were from. Salutary neglect was a term from the English colonies, that they liked being left alone if they’re loyal to England. This caused self-government, colonist grew to making their own laws. -
Olive Branch Petition
The Second Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition which was written by John Dickinson, to King George III, who rejects the petition. The petition was requesting to settle a compromise to settle the differences peaceful without going to war. King George claims that the colonies are in open rebellion. This will lead to war, and if the colonies lose they will be executed -
Common Sense
Common Sense was written and published by Thomas Paine. He argued that the colonist should be free from British rule and begin an independent government created based on the Enlightenment. Paine believed that monarchy was a corrupt system of government and wanted American to be a Republican government. In his pamphlet, he spoke about many ideas he had which were inspired by the Enlightenment. In his pamphlet, he spoke about many ideas he had which were inspired by the Enlightenment. -
Articles of Confederation
This document is the nations first constitutions was adopted by the second continental congress. This created an unstable alliance of 13 independent states. Each state had one vote in congress. It didn’t give the government power to collect taxes, so the national government was weak. -
Battles - Battle of Saratoga
This was also known as the turning point of the American Revolution, there were 2 battles. This was important because this is what convinced the French to give the U.S, military support.it ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River and showed the French that Americans had hope to beat Great Britain. John Burgoyne was in charge of the battle, who also surrendered to Gates. AMericans won. -
Treaty of Paris- 1783
A treaty signed in Paris by King Georges III representatives, stating that the U.S. can have their independence. This is what ended the revolutionary war. The purpose for this Treaty was so the U.S. can gain independence from Britain and become its own country and have their own government. Britain made peace with France and Spain. -
Period: to
New Republic
-
Issues- Slavery
Free blacks counted the same as free whites for purposes of representation. Slavery was not mentioned in the constitution, but they mentioned that blacks were going to be counted at 3/5 a person. The constitution also mentioned that slave owners cold get their slaves back if they ran away. Slaves weren’t going to be free. -
The Great Debate
Anti-Federalist Papers were a sequence of papers written to pledge and lose the proposed U.S. Constitution. Anti-federalist was a group of people in the U.S. who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution because they didn’t want a strong national government and a want of protection for individual rights. On the other hand, federalist defended the U.S. constitution. They wanted a strong national government, who worked for ratification of the U.S. Constitution. -
Three Branches
The powers in the US government are divided up between three branches executive, legislative & judicial. Judicial branch is headed by the chief justice of the supreme court. Executive branch is headed by the president. The legislative branch of government is divided by the senate and the house of representatives. Judicial branch argues about the meanings of laws and judges it. -
Period: to
The Constitution
-
Constitutional Convention
The New Jersey Plan was a proposal introduced by William Paterson, for the construction of the U.S. government( 3 branches) This plan was the opposite of the Virginia Plan. It stated that each state had one vote. This caused conflict with representation between bigger sates who wanted control fitting their population. And smaller states who didn’t want to be under the control of the big state’s choices -
Election of 1788
George Washington won 69 out of 69 votes and became president. John Adams won Vice President with 34 total votes. The Cabinet is a group of the President's top helpers. It’s made up of heads of the 15 main executive branches. Washington’s cabinet consisted of 4 people to help and guide him. The first cabinet had Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Randolph, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox. -
Massachusetts Constitution
The draft was written by John Adams, James Bowdoin and Samuel Adams. The 3 of them wanted a stable and democratic government. They needed permission of the government and the separation of powers from the executive, legislature and judiciary branch. The constitution has 4 parts that were a preamble, a declaration of rights, a explanation of the basis of government, and articles of amendment. -
Bank Of the United States
The Bank of the Unites States was built while Philadelphia was currently the nations capital. Alexander Hamilton’s purpose of the bank was to handle the huge war debt, and to make a stable form of currency. Up to time, banks grant coins and bills that are supplied by state banks served at the currency of the country. when Andrew Jackson was elected, he removed all federal funds from the bank, and it ended actions as a national establishment after its agreement expired in 1836. -
Bill of Rights
The bill of rights consists of the first 10 amendments of the constitution. James Madison wrote the amendments, which state specific rules and prohibitions with the power of the government’s power. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to protect citizens from extra government power. It also guarantees there is separation of powers, so no one has more than another. The powers are separated between the 3 government branches, the judicial, executive, and the legislative. -
International Conflicts
Jays treaty was made by John Jay. It stated that Britain had to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It also said that Americans had to pay British merchants’ debts from before the revolution and Britain had settled to remove their troops from Ohio valley. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey rebellion is when Washington added new taxes to help pay off the debt from war. Farmers became angry because they couldn’t afford to buy grain to make whiskey. They rebelled, and Hamilton stopped the rebellion because it made the government look weak. Washington proved that the federal government could make people follow the law. -
Election of 1796
John Adams was nominated for president, he won by the federalist. Thomas Jefferson won vice president by the democratic/republics. Washington’s farewell address stated that he did not want any political ties to other nations. He did not want any permanent alliances. This letter was Washington’s goodbye letter to his citizens. -
Adam's Presidency
Alien and Sedition Acts is a series of laws (4) that were passed by the federalist congress in 1798. It was signed officially by president Adams. The laws consisted of new powers to deport foreigners and being stricter for new immigrants to vote. -
Enlightenment Ideals on America in the late 18th Century
The enlightenment was an age of growth of religion, knowledge, independence and more. It was a mind opening era. The thinkers and writers of enlightenment were dedicated to ideals of justice, equality, and liberty. The diversity of religion grew, economy grew as the markets did. The enlightenment led and help shape the American Revolution. -
Growing Cities
Most people lived in rural areas. While migrants moved from the small countryside towns and became large cities. Workers looked for payed labor in new advanced factories. There were cheaper houses in the cities, immigrants lived in apartments where they can afford. Slums were big buildings in the city that were really crowded. Slums were dirty, waste was thrown everywhere. -
Industrialization vs. Agriculture
North was massive. They increased industrialization. A big factor was steam engines, helped with transferring products. The economy grows rapidly. Railroads helped connect Northeast and Midwest. Waterways connected north and south. Agriculture was important for the northern matter. The south had small industrialization, cities were large, smaller economy and cotton was major. 4 million slaves worked in the south. Southern hated the progress of northern. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
-
Election of 1800
After the presidential election of 1800, the 12th amendment was approved to fix a mistake in the constitution which allowed Thomas Jefferson to be included in the electoral college with his vice-president runner Aaron Burr. The 12th amendment provides the correct process for electing presidents and vice presidents. It states that they are elected by the electoral college. -
Jefferson Administration - Louisiana Purchase
This was a deal with land between the united states and France. The united states paid $15 mil for the Louisiana purchase, France gave up their empire for north America. The Mississippi trade route was now doubled its size and under the control of U.S. Lewis and Clarke were sent by Jefferson to get information on the new U.S. land, they noted and mapped everything -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny was very involved in the fur trade, it was a western frontier. The fur trade began to decline. Beavers were hunted into extinction, there was fashion changes. Trappers were expeditions who brings back information about the western lands. There was a future for whites in the future with Jacksonian democracy. Migration to Oregon brought new opportunities; growing crops, more money, and mining. -
Northwest Ordinance
The northwest ordinance more of a land agreement. It included all the land of the united states west of Pennsylvania and northwest of the Ohio River. Northwest Ordinance allowed religious freedom, right to a trial by jury, freedom of speech and right to vote. There was 3 steps from being a state; Congress chose a group of leaders, 60,000=state, 5,000 white male=elect men for a legislature. There was no slavery allowed. -
Hamilton vs. Burr
It started with them being rude to each other in public. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, which were illegal. t Burr Shot Hamilton resulting in his death. The main leader for federalist died. Burr was later accused of treason due to a scheme where he wanted New York to separate and become his very own monarchy. He wanted control of the Louisiana purchase -
Madison Presidency
Embargo Act was a law passed by the U.S. Congress Signed by the president at the time Thomas Jefferson. It bans American ships from trading from any foreign ports. Later in 1806, France passed a law that banned trade between unbiassed parties, like the U.S., and Britain. This wasn’t a positive effect on American trading. The economy lacked since their harvesting couldn’t go anywhere but local parties. They didn’t gain much from this. -
War of 1812
War of 1812 was caused by the British restrictions on the U.S. trade. The British didn’t like that the U.S. was taking their American ships and their crew to fight on their side of the war. The northern states avoided going to war with them because of the shipping industry and how it kept them wealthy. There was a chance they gain expansion of land( Florida, Canada, and some western land). The British beats back Americans from Canada and burn their capital(Toronto). -
Battle of New Orleans
Battle of New Orleans was the last important battle of the war of 1812.it happened weeks after the treaty of Ghent was signed. General Andrew Jackson was the leader of American forces which lacked equipment. They successfully prevented the attacking of British army that was led by General Edward Pakenham. British wanted to gain control of American docks. Andrew Jacksons army won. -
Panic of 1819
Panic of 1819 was the first main financial crisis in the united states. There were many cases of unemployment, foreclosures, and bank failures. Some effects were the increase of tariffs proposed by the north and the southern proposed having a reduction of tariffs. Banks became stricter. The Second Bank of the U.S was ended. -
Florida- Adams-Onis Treaty
Adams-Onis Treaty also known as the Florida Purchase Treaty. This was a treaty between Spain and the U.S, and Spain wanted Florida. The U.S. paid Spain $5 million for Florida. Spain was selling Florida because they needed money from all the colonial revolutions. The U.S. had shown them they can take Florida easily if they wanted to. -
Immigration - Industrial Revolution
Europeans suffered from poverty, and some were trying to seek religious/political freedom. They saw the industrial revolution as an opportunity for the freedom they wanted. With the industrial revolution happening, this called for more workers for factories can produce more products, so this was an advantage for incoming immigrants. Some came from rural areas and some from other countries. -
Architecture
Greek Revival was an architectural movement that was inspired by the modern Greek. It was mostly in northern Europe and united states. It gained popularity through exploration. Furniture was aimed to be something that defines Greek, being aesthetic. The styles intentionally repeat the style of the previous architecture era. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
-
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine was a document that president James Monroe sent to Congress. It was against the foreign colonization, or interference with/in the Americas. Also, for the united states to remain neutral in any Europeans wars. The doctrine was a policy related toward the Western Hemisphere. To inform Europeans that the U.S. will not accept any colonization from the Europeans. -
Millennialism
A time where they believed Jesus is coming for judgement day, some had confident that there was a specific day he will come. Shakers didn’t believe in having sex, marriage and kids. They believed there was equality between sexes. Opposed in domesticity., they didn’t have any private property. Mormons; a church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day saints. Joseph Smith founded golden tablets in 1823. -
Presidency of John Q. Adams
American System was a program of government that tries to improve roads, canals and to help the growth of the economy and protects manufacturers from any foreign competitors. Adams supported industry in the north and tariffs opposed to the south, and sectionalism gotten worse. He did like the national bank and wanted to import tariffs. He wanted internal support with the federals. -
Texas
Texas also known as Tejas. Known for land grants. Secured by Moses Austin. When he passes away, his son Stefan F. Austin takes control over land. There were some conditions for settling, some were to become catholic, Mexican citizenships, to learn Spanish and get rid of slaves. Whites then outnumbered Hispanics, but Texicans disobeyed Mexican laws. There were 30,000 settlers. -
Election of 1824
Between the two candidates, John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped the election, but no one won the electoral votes. So, the choice was made by the House of Representatives. Clay pushed is voted to put their votes towards Adams. This made Jackson mad, so he and his followers accused Adams and Clay of a corrupt bargain. Adams won after Clay gave him his support. Clay was his secretary of state. -
Age of The Common Man
This was during the time of Jacksons presidency. He believed the government should be ran by common people. He believed ideas should come from the middle class and ideas were shaped from education and the free press. Voting rights expanded, all white men could vote. With the improved voting rights, this helped Jackson when the election. -
Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson lost the presidency spot by the house of representatives. Jackson sided with the democratic party and accused Adams of doing something bad to win the election. “Old Hickory” was Jacksons campaign against Adams. His campaigned talked on Jacksons military career and his personal life. His supporters worked to bring support from all around the country. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
-
Period: to
Age of Jackson
-
Changes in Agriculture
The agriculture industry had improved faster travel with more farmers moving west and cleared the land farms. John Deere was a blacksmith who designed many farm plows. The plows are used or cutting dirt that were made of iron and steel blade that cut through the soil avoiding clogging. Iron plows helped farmers plow through more land and in a quicker amount of time. -
Changes in Transportation
Raw materials and finished goods were always needed to be traveled long distances to reach their destination. Waterways, roads, and railroads were invented to help with that problem. Canals were expanded to be wider and deeper to allow more boats to pass through. Steamboats was able to carry raw materials across the Atlantic Ocean. People usually travelled by foot or animals, but the conditions of the roads were bad so the conditioned was improved. -
Jackson Administration
Spoils Systems was a process of appointing officials to government jobs. This was Jackson's way of rewarding his political supporters. The trail of tears was a land and water route used by the U.S. government. They forced thousands of Cherokee Indians to leave their homes between Georgia and Oklahoma. During this transition over 4,000 Indians died. -
Temperance Movement
Temperance Movement was a reform movement that began in the 1800s. The movement wanted to ban alcohol in the united states because it was believed that Americans drank too much. they stated alcohol will cause violence, crime, and poverty. the American temperance society and the American union society were the societies that helped spread the word to stop abusing alcohol. -
Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening began around 1800, emphasized religious romanticism. A time where secularist and deism. Morality has taken over by economics and politics (no morals). Grades have been assigned to students. Textbooks and instruction were made. Kids were forced to attend school, attendance was important. There were higher taxes, labor issues, Catholics feared protestant education. There were mental sylums made for the mentallu ill. -
Transcendentalism
Ralph Waldo Emerson who was against slavery and promoted independence, optimism, freedom and self-growth. He was one of the leading transcendentalists writers, Thoreau was someone who was against a government that supported slavery. He listed his beliefs and started a movement of civil-disobedience. Transcendentalism is an idea that promotes spiritual thinking instead of thinking everything happens through science. Believed in God and nature. -
Slavery- Industrial Revolution
Slavery played a crucial role in the upcoming economy. Slavery helped settle and grow the new world. They produced products for consumer markets. The Nat Turner’s rebellion was the most violent slave rebellion. Turner led a group of slaves with the goal to kill slaveowners and their families. This changed peoples perspectives towards slavery -
Cultural Changes - Slavery
There was an immediate end to slavery. There were rallies held to denounced abolitionist, and bonfires to burn abolitionist. Congress forbidden to speak of abolitionist. The American anri-slavery society founded in 1833, burned the constitution. they argued that there will be no union with slaveholders until they free their slaves, they said freeing slaves will forgive all their sins. -
Western Frontier
Fur trading was popular and in demand in frontiers. Trappers disappeared by 1840s, trappers brought back information. Native Americans were very popular. Indian tribes always worried about white settlers taking their land. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
-
Changes in Communication
Telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse who also created Morse code. Had to have understand Morse code to use the telegraphs. It helped make communication faster. It was used by businesses and railroads. The printing press allowed information to spread faster. -
Election of 1836 /Panic of 1837
While Jackson presidency, a lot of state banks gained government money that was withdrawn from the bank of the U.S. This was a major downhill for the economy, it caused bank to close, the credit system collapsed this led to bankruptcies and many unemployment issues. This caused a five-year depression in the United States. -
Suffrage
Seneca Falls Convention was the first women’s rights convention. It promoted as a convention to discuss about the women social, civil and religious rights. Lucretia Mott was a feminist. She was always working with her husband in liberal causes, mainly towards slavery abolition and women’s suffrage. She lived in a station in the undergrown railroad. With her partner Elizabeth Cady Stanton, they helped organize the first women’s rights convention -
Slavery - Westward Expansion
Wilmot Proviso was a political firestorm. It defeated in congress. Democratic and Whigs both split into pro-slavery and free-soil factories. Popular sovereignty allowed states to choose their own path. They can choose whether they want slaves or not. The election of 1848 was against the democrats and Whigs. Free soil party was represented by Marin Van Buren. He supported Wilmot Proviso and wanted to keep slavery how it is. Resents southern influence democrats. -
California Gold Rush
California Gold Rush was very widespread, caused the migration of thousands of people. Gained territory in 1848, and statehood in 1850, this helped making lots of money. Gold was now easy to find which made it lose its value. Mining became easy to find and begins in 1852. Chinese migration came for opportunities, but they worked in the worst mines. They faced racism. California statehood hoped for a slow growth of population, but they were popular. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
-
Slavery - Sectionalism
Henry Clays compromise made California free, and New Mexico divided in two. He later decided on slavery issue. He settled Texas border, and new stronger fugitive slave laws were put in place. Zachary Taylor dies. The compromise of 1850 declared that California will enter as a free state and New Mexico and Utah then decided on slaver. Slave trade was banned in Washington D.C. -
Nativism
Nativist blamed immigrants for any problems. They opposed immigrants of German and HATED Irish Catholics. Know-Nothings was an American Party. It was a secret organization against immigration. Just wanted to restrict immigrants, they disappeared by 1860. -
Election of 1852
Election of 1852 had Franklin Pierce who was a democratic, won the election. He was against Winfield Scott who was a Whig. Scott allied with an anti-slavery Whigs. Whig party started to fall apart. The Whig Party ended and joined and became part of the republican party. There were lot of polarization with sections after the compromise of 1850. A lot took place to settle slavery issues and stop the threats of ending the Union. -
Republican Party
Republican Party was first organized in 1854, a northern party and it formed by free soilers, Whigs, and anti-slavery democrats unite. Was formed in response to the passage of the Kansas- Nebraska Act. Republican party first came to power in the election of 1860 with Abraham Lincoln. -
Election of 1860
Election of 1860 was a big important election. John Breckinridge was officially a democrat, and John Bell was unofficial. There were former know nothings who were also democratic. the other party was republicans, who Abraham Lincoln sided with. He had a few political enemies. Had a reasonable approach to slavery. Lincoln won for the democrat’s division. South was upset over Lincoln and did not support him. South Carolina was the first to eave in 1860. Other states joined. -
North
Norths population of 22 million. The industrialization field had 110,000 factories, $1.5 billion industry, 97% were weapons manufacturing, 94% of clothing, 90% of shoes and boots. There were 30,000 miles or of tracks. They were fighting to uphold the constitution, Union. -
South
The south had a population of 9 million 3.5-4 million were slaves. There was 9000 miles of tracks. They were considered patriots, fought in the hope to gain Europeans ally. There leadership was experienced. They didn’t have a navy, or enough money and supplies. -
International - Trent Affair
During the Civil War Confederates sent diplomats to Europe. USS San Jacinto seizes RMS Trent. Britain then demands an apology, Lincoln releases confederate diplomats. Lincoln secures British and French neutrality. -
Women at Work
The war gave women more opportunities, new roles in positions men would usually do. There were jobs like teachers, nurses, civil service jobs, store managers, farmers and planters in the south. Clara Barton starts the American Red cross. It helps wounded soldiers on both sides. -
Period: to
The Civil War
-
Period: to
Civil War
-
Slaves - The Civil War
Abraham Lincoln said the war was to preserve the union and become about freeing the slaves, slaves were allowed to fight as soldiers. The emancipation proclamation was when Lincoln declares slaves as free. The union rebellion ends 2-3 years later. The proclamations stops Britain from entering the war. -
Politics
The draft riots made many upsets over the conscription act and income tax. Some northers violently protest the draft. Most were poor, immigrants, or the working class. Some African Americans are killed. The election of 1864 was the end of the war. Lincoln gave grant command of all union armies of 1864. Copperheads were a portion of democrats in the northern states. They opposed the civil wat and wanted peace(compromise) -
Neutral States
The border states remain neutral; Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. These were all slave states that stayed in the union because of the guarantee that the war was fighting to save the union instead of the end of slavery. The state of Maryland was key for the north ro stay in the union, because if it joined the confederacy, their capital would’ve been bounded by the confederacy. -
Andrew Johnson Administraton
Was the vice president of Abraham Lincoln, became president after the assassination. He opposed secession and was knowingly racist. He promoted lenient readmission policy. He took an oath; return all property, renounce secession and to ratify the 13th amendment. made high ranking confederates pardoned. Property was restored. Most states failed to live up to terms. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
-
Former Slaves
The 13th amendment ratified after the civil war that banned slavery and involuntary servitude. the 14th amendment declares that all people born in the U.S. were allowed equal rights regardless their race, and their rights were protected at birth. The Freedman’s Bureau was during this period, ratified by congress to provide everyday aid to 4 million newly free black Americans in their change from slavery to freedom. -
Grant Administration
The winner of this election was Ulysses S. Grant who was a Republican. His practical was moderation and peace. he was against Horatio Seymore, was a Democrat. There were whites in the north and south was racist. Black votes become important and taken in count. There was violence and intimidation. -
Life for Whites Reconstruction South
Carpetbaggers were northerners who moved to south for economic opportunities. Scalawags were whites who were considered traitors by other southerners. They got wealthy by manipulating black votes. They were for poorer regions of the south. Southern republicans’ governments built public improvements. -
Mississippi Plan
The 13th amendment ratified after the civil war that banned slavery and involuntary servitude. the 14th amendment declares that all people born in the U.S. were allowed equal rights regardless their race, and their rights were protected at birth. The Freedman’s Bureau was during this period, ratified by congress to provide everyday aid to 4 million newly free black Americans in their change from slavery to freedom. -
Election of 1876
Election of 1876 was with Samuel Tilden who was a democrat and he was against Rutherford Hayes who was a republican. Had issues with construction and reconstruction economy. The popular vote went to Tilden and it was unclear on the electoral votes. The compromise of 1877, hayes is given all electoral votes and greed to end reconstruction. He removed federal troops from the south. It was the beginning of total suppression for southern states. -
The New South
The New South was a new society built around oppression and segregation. African Americans had representations in plummets. There was a big growth bump in the economy. There was industrialization, urbanization and many more railroads. Taxes were cut. Less was spent on social programs and public education. The lost cause is when southerners needed a new way to justify loosing the war. -
Shay’s Rebellion
A group of protestors/farmers led by Daniel Shays, they began a 6-month rebellion, in Massachusetts. The goal was to prevent the trial and imprisonment of citizens in debt. They were in debt because of the American Revolutionary war. The rebellion was important because its seen as one of the reasons that helped led to the writing of the new Constitution.
