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Period: 30,000 BCE to
Beginning to Exploration
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476
Dark Ages
The Dark ages was an early medieval time period of Western European that occurred around 476 to 800 CE. This era was considered a backwards progression for the Europeans. During this time period the Kings and Queens gave power to the Catholic church. With power in their hands, they suppressed everyone's knowledge. Therefore, no one was learning which resulted in a corrupt feudal system and weak economy. With the pope as the head leader, this era represents a fall of Roman Empire. -
1095
The Crusades
A religious movement that occurred in the 11th century was The Crusades. The Muslims and Jews were fighting against the Roman Catholic Church in Europe. They were having land disputes because Jerusalem was a holy city that was important to their religion.This was suppose to be a religious movement to persevere/spread their beliefs but failed & ended in a massacre. In the end both sides didn't accomplish their goals, but they made improvements to trade routes, military weapons, and transportation -
Oct 1, 1347
The Black Death
The black death was an epidemic plague that had spread throughout Europe and Asia killing thousands. It first started from trading ships at the Sicilian port. The black death were carried by the fleas that were attached to house rats which lived near humans. This epidemic was considered so deadly because it killed 40%-60% of European population. With many dying, the feudal system started to collapse since there were no workers or farmers tending the crops of production of goods. -
1400
The Renaissance
The 14th century is considered the time period where the Renaissance occurred. This was a time of which ideas and religious beliefs were being reborn. Many ideas, technologies, and decorations emerged. Art was being redefined with sculptures and paintings to represent emotions and ideas. Technology like the printing press, was created by Johan Gutenburg, changed the way information was passed on. The printing pressed lowered prices of books because it making the books faster. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus
The Sailor Christopher Columbus is a talented navigator who believed that traveling across the Atlantic is a shorter route to get to India. Despite of what people told him, he set sail on August 3rd 1492 across the Atlantic. When he stumbled on new land, he believed he had reached India, but it was the New world. After discovering land he sailed back to tell others about his discoveries. He later sailed back to the new world having a total of 4 voyages in 1492, 1493, 1498, and 1502 -
Nov 1, 1492
Colombian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was established after Columbus arrived in the new world during the 15th century. It is a trade route between the old world and the new world where it was an exchange of goods, diseases, and technology. The Old world exchanged cattle and horses to the new world. The Americans also brought an epidemic of smallpox and measles killing 90% of the native americans. The Americans acquired new crops such as potatoes, squash, and tobacco from the Native americans. -
Jul 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
In the late 15th century, the Spanish and the Portuguese had conflicts between who could have which parts of land. The Spanish and the Portuguese agreed upon a treaty which is the Treaty of Tordesillas to clear up confusion about the newly claimed land. The pope divided the land by an imaginary line, the Spanish was granted larger land than the Portuguese while the Portuguese got Brazil, the Spanish gets all the land west while the Portuguese gets all the land east of the line. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther
During the early 16th century, many believed the roman catholic church was corrupt. For instance, Martin Luther, he was a Roman Catholic that believed the churches methods were corrupt. The Roman Church sold "indulgences", which was a forgiveness of ones sins by buying blessings. Therefore, he opposed to the churches teaching and wrote out the "95 these" and nailed it to the churches front door. With the 95 these, it ignited a protestant reformation to fix the Roman Catholic Church. -
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English Colonial Societies
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Chesapeake Colonies, Jamestown Virginia
During the early times of colonization, Jamestown was a successful colony that was first started as a private charter. The leader of this colonization was John Smith, he negotiated a treaty with the natives to be at peace. He offered 50 acres of land to have more people settle in Jamestown. Their main cash crop was tobacco, and it was a lot of labor so they needed slaves. The first slaves that were brought in to Jamestown were brought by pirates. They traded their crops for slaves. -
Mayflower Compact
On September 6th, 102 pilgrims boarded a ship called the Mayflower to travel to the new world in search of religious freedom. These Europeans settled in Cape Cod due tremendous storms that threw them off course and established a set of laws for self government called the Mayflower compact. The settlers created this agreement to prevent any catastrophic disagreements and bounded the settlers together. Therefore, the Mayflower compact created a functioning social structure. -
Navigation Acts
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Glorious Revolution
The first catholic monarch was James the 2nd. The Revolution was to overthrow King James the 2nd by a united English Parliament. They were able to overthrow him because there were little armed resistance. After the overthrow, a constitutional monarch in Britain took over. A constitutional monarch is a form of government where a monarch acts a head of state but their powers are limited and defined by law. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials all started in the spring of 1692 after a group young girls in Salem village, Massachusetts claimed that the devil has possessed them and accused many local women of witchcraft. A special court was called to hear the cases after a wave of hysteria diffusion throughout the colony. The first accused witch, Bridget bishop, was hanged in June of 1692. Roughly 20 people were executed. The trials came to an end after the governor’s wife was accused of witchcraft. -
Triangular Trade
During the 1700 a ocean based trade route was formed across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe, Africa, and Americas. The trade route had three legs (passage ways), hence "Triangular trade". The first leg was a trade between Europe and Africa, where Europe traded goods for slave. The second leg is from Africa to America, where Africa traded slaves for goods. The third leg was a trade route from America to Europe where they trade cash crops such as sugar, cotton, rum, and tobacco. -
Act of Union
This was passed by the English and the Scottish Parliaments in 1707. It led to the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This was an agreement between England and Scotland because Scotland needed economic progress and England needed to stay safe from any attackers that might use Scotland as a backdoor. -
Sir Issac Newton, Enlightenment
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Colonial America
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The Great Awakening
During 1730 to 1770 was a time period for The Great Awakening. The Great awakening occurred in response to the enlightenment. The Enlightenment is an important even in American religion because it was a series of religious revivals that swept across Britain and the American Colonies. A firm believer of the Enlightenment was John Edwards. He believed that society became materialistic and that all will burn in hell if the do not repent their sinister sins to the Catholic Church. -
French & Indian War
The French and Indian war was fought by England, France, and Spain. They all were fighting due to territorial disputes about whether Great Britain should have it or the French because both sides desired more western land. After the long war over disputed land, The French and Indian War all came to an end thanks to the Treaty of Paris 1763. It also ended their respective allies. The Treaty made France give up all its territories in mainland North America. This enlarged Britain's debt -
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The Revolutionary War
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Revenue Act (Sugar Act)
First tax on American Colonies imposed by the British parliament. British imposed this act to prevent smuggling of sugar (molasses) and to earn revenue for the Seven Years War -
Stamp Act
The Stamp act, which was passed by the British Parliament, stated that this act will impose new tax on all American Settlers and they are required the settlers to pay tax on every piece of printed paper they used such as legal documents, Licenses, and newspaper. The British Parliament passed this act to help British to pay for the French and Indian War. Although this was a law, colonist could not bear this tax, therefore they protested "No Taxation without representation". -
Townshend Act
The Townshend act was created and were passed by the Parliament after the Stamp act. The Townshend Act sparked anger with the colonists because they felt this act as an attack on their legislative authority. So in response to the act, they objected the taxes that were imposed on a variety of goods such as lead, paper, paint, tea, and glass. Due to the enormous widespread of protests in the American Colonies, Parliament began to partially repeal Townshend duties. -
Boston Massacre
The American colonists had issues with Great Britain having authority over the colonies in the 18th century. The colonists believed it was unconstitutional due to having too much control over states laws and implementing taxes. So colonists protested against the British army in Boston. The rebellion was too intense that the army had to shoot in order to defend themselves. Killing a total of 5 people. This helped colonists unite to fight against Britain in the Revolutionary war. -
Boston Tea Party
When a shipment of tea arrived in the Boston harbor in 1773, many drunk Bostonian dressed up as Indians and boarded the ship to dump 340 chests full of tea into the harbor because they were aggravated by the British implementing taxes on tea. This event built greater tension between the 13 colonies and Great Britain. In response to the incident that occurred in the Boston harbor, British imposed the intolerable acts that closed the Boston harbor until they paid for the tea that was overthrown. -
Battle of Lexington
The Battle of Lexington also known as the "Shots heard round the World" because the battle happened after shots were fired just after dawn in Lexington. On April of 1775, British troops were sent into Lexington to confiscate colonial weapons, when they immediately get ambushed by untrained and angry militia. The Militia fought and defeated the 700 British soldiers. With the victory, it sparked hope and confidence for the war ahead. It also showed that the British behavior will not be tolerated. -
Common Sense
Common sense is a pamphlet that was created by Thomas Paine. The Pamphlet was Thomas Paine's disagreements of government and favored American Independence. Therefore, Common Sense advocated for Independence in American colonies, which sparked a fire in patriots who wanted freedom. The pamphlet was considered the foundation for the Declaration of Independence. -
The Declaration of Independence
In June of 1776 Thomas Jefferson made a draft of the Declaration of Independence assembling the majority of the settler's complaints against the British. Making the Declaration of Independence was the main possibility they had of from getting freedom from Great Britain. The possibility of this record was the balance of life liberty, quest for satisfaction and the call for allies for battle. The draft was completed on July 2 yet was marked and received by the continental congress on July 4 1776 -
Battle of Saratoga
One of the turning point for the revolutionary war was the Battle of Saratoga. This was considered a turning point due to the American troops under the command of Horatio Gates, forced John Burgoyne to surrender his army of 5,585 British troops. With this victory in Saratoga it revived and boosted the morale of the American public which gave hope to the country that they could win the war. With this astonishing victory, the French decided to give military aid to the Americans. -
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the United States was adopted. While adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, it was only ratified by all thirteen states by March 1st. The Articles of Confederation was a loose document for the separate sovereign states that created a very weak central government. The central government had no authority to tax and ensure that their laws were upheld, so a stronger government was evidently needed. -
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The Constitution
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Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, signed by King George and the representatives of America, ended the American revolutionary war in 1783. This treaty made Great Britain recognize United States as a independent and sovereign country. Which collapsed colonial empire of Great Britain in North America. Not only did the treaty end the American War, it settled land and border disputes. It establishes the northern border with North Britain and Canada, and America gained access land to the Mississippi river. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's rebellion was a protest of farmers after being imposed on high taxes that American farmers could not afford. Therefore, a rebellion led by revolutionary war veteran Daniel Shay started to rebel in Massachusetts because the farming industry was bad in Massachusetts. This rebellion is important because it showed that the current Constitution was unconstitutional and was one of the leading factors as to the writing of a new Constitution -
Virginia Plan
Virginia delegates proposed a plan called the Virginia Plan. James Madison drafted the Virginia Plan. The Plan was a proposal of a strong national government to the Constitutional Convention in Pennsylvania. It suggest by having a strong nation government we need a separation of powers, which are executive, legislative, and judicial branches. -
New Jersey Plan
An alternative option to the Virginia Plan that consisted of 11 resolutions was the Paterson Plan, also known as the New Jersey Plan. The 11 resolutions are drafted by William Paterson which featured equal representation in which each state had the same number of representatives.The mission for this plan was to have smaller states to have equal level of power in legislature as the large states. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was passed by congress on July 13th 1787, which proved regulations for the Northwest Territory. It presented out rules for how certain ares of the territory could eventually become states, it also craved a pathway for new states to be added to the Union. It included the same rights as the other states in the Union. This was very important as to how the country would expand westward. -
Connecticut Plan
This plan was an agreement that both large and small states would have a legislative structure and representation defined under the Constitution. It was proposed by 2 representative from Connecticut. The plan was important because it provided the states with equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives. -
Chesapeake Colonies, Virginia Maryland
The Chesapeake Colony in Maryland was named after the king's wife. When they first started they had issues with food source because those settlers aren't farmers. After progression, their main cash crop is tobacco. They didn't grow it themselves, settlers who traveled to Maryland seeking religious freedom had to work for 4-5 years to pay off their trip to the new world. After they payed for their trip, they will be supplied with tools and get to live on their own. -
Election of 1788
The first quadrennial presidential election of the United occurred on 1788. This electoral was conducted under the new Constitution which had been ratified earlier in 1788. There was no one running for President because George Washington was unanimously elected. Everyone looked up to Washington and nobody opposed of his presidency and George Washington's vice president is John Adams -
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The New Republic
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Whiskey Rebellion
This was a rebellion during George Washington's presidency. Farmers and distillers started to protest in Pennsylvania due to the whiskey tax which was imposed by the federal government. After many years of violence to tax collectors, Washington called out the militia and ended the rebellion. -
Bill of Rights
There are a total of 10 bill of rights -
Pinckney's Treaty
This treaty is an agreement between Spain and the United States, which established boundary between the two countries, agreed upon trade, and was more favorable to US -
Jay's Treaty
A treaty that was created by John Jay with the intent and purpose to resolve the British threat to the Americans -
Alien and Sedition acts
The Alien and Sedition acts were passed by the federalist congress and signed by President Adams in 1798. These laws are counter measurements due to the french foreign threat. The Alien acts made it difficult for aliens to become citizens and harder for them to vote. Before they would have to live in America for five years to be eligible to vote, but with the new laws it was raised from 5 years to 14 year and the sedition acts was a law to say bad things about the president or congress. -
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The Age of Jefferson
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Judiciary Act of 1801
This is an act that was passed on the last days when John Adams was in administration. This act helped establish the first circuit judge ships in America and reorganizes the federal judiciary. This act was later overturned by Jeffersonian Republicans -
Marbury vs Madison
This was an important supreme court case because it will set up judicial review and modern court. Marbury sues Madison because he was promised to be anointed a judge. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Marbury entitled to position. Supreme court lacked jurisdiction so therefore could not enforce it -
Louisiana Purchase
When Thomas Jefferson president he was considered a hypocrite when he purchased the Louisiana territory in the early 19th century. Thomas Jefferson believed that the government should have limited power, but when purchasing the land, he didn't amend it through the constitution because he was afraid of napoleon of backing out from the offer. After the purchase, it increased American land by two times and an acre costed less than 3 cents per acre. It also secured the Mississippi river. -
Embargo Act of 1807
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War of 1812
The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 -
Old vs New cities
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The American Industrial Revolution
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Panic of 1819
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McCulloch vs Maryland
This is the first important supreme court case because it is the landmark of the supreme court case of the US. It implied the power that congress has. Maryland imposed taxes on banks and the McCulloch refused to pay taxes. So Maryland sues McCulloch -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals in the early 1800s that were based on Methodism and Baptism, stressing a religious philosophy of salvation through good deed's and God's grace. During this time, many people were converted and numerous churches were revived. The Awakening not only affected religion, but it also influenced the women's rights movement, abolishment of slavery, the prison reform, reform in education and more. -
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Cultural Changes
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Missouri Compromise
The Missouri compromise was implemented by congress in the 18th century after Missouri applied for admission to become a slave state. The northern side were against the admission while the southern side wants the state to be admitted to become a slave state. Crisis broke out between the two so congress compromised with and imaginary line which separates the free states and the slave states. Although this was to prevent war, this was only a temporary solution. 36 30 line -
Monroe Doctrine
The Spanish Empire was crumbling. Nations started to become more independent. The US wanted influence over these new ares. It is a foreign policy statement. Declared that the US would not tolerate intervention from Europe in Latin America -
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Age of Jackson
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Election of 1824
During the election 1824, there were four candidates running for presidency, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, Henry Clay. Andrew Jackson wins popular vote, but not the electoral college. John Quincy Adams wins the election and becomes the 6th president of America. Andrew Jackson becomes angry and bitter because Clay promised to give his vote to John Quincy Adams if he became secretary, this was considered a corrupt bargain because it was not a fair electoral -
Election of 1828
The Election of 1828 was one between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson again. Four years prior in 1824, Jackson had won the popular vote against Adams, but Adams won the electoral vote, denying Jackson's presidency. The 1828 Election was special in terms of it being the first to no longer have nominations be made by Congressional caucuses, but rather by state legislatures. It is also now known as the dirtiest election in all of history because of the malicious attacks used against each other. -
Spoils System
When Andrew Jackson won in the election of 1828 and became the seventh president, he fired and replaced all the bureaucracy with those who supported and voted for him. This is called the spoils system the complete opposite of the merit system. He hired anybody that supported him because he wanted to reward his supporters he did not care if they were qualified for the job, Andrew Jackson only wanted to reward those who helped him. While the merit system is hiring those who are capable of the job. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was a reform movement that fought to ban the action of selling, consuming, and distributing alcohol in the U.S., which led to the creation of the 18th Amendment. The American Temperance Society, led by Lyman Beecher, believed that alcohol was the "Demon's Rum." Thus, starting the crusade to ban alcohol in the United States. Carrie A. Nation, who was arrested 30 times, was famous for bashing and destroying bars across the whole nation with her hatchet. -
Abolitionist
Those who follow the Abolitionism movement are called Abolitionists. Abolitionists are those who want to put an end to the cruel punishments and kidnaps of slavery. Slavery has been around for many ages and they want to end the idea of a human owning another human to do their dirty work. Famous abolitionists such as Harriet Tubman, Fredrick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe all follow the movement to abolish slavery, racial discrimination, and segregation. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
In 1823 the supreme court declared that the Native Americans can occupy American lands but they can not claim it as their own. But many white American did not like them living on their land so they forced them to leave. But the Natives did not want to leave their precious land, so they tried adopting the American culture. But Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal act of 1830, which removed the all the Native Americans that live in land east of the Mississippi River. This started Trail of tear -
Cherokee Nation vs Georgia
In the early 1800's white settlers encountered natives on new land and thought that they will halt the progression of cotton, so they pressured the government to acquire the native land. When the natives tried to bring the issue to the supreme court, the supreme court stated they don't qualify as a state or foreign state therefore, they couldn't fight back to obtain their land -
Railroads
The "Railroads" were created during the Industrial Revolution by George Stephenson in the 19th century. The railroads greatly impacted cities growth, by providing fast and long distance transportation across america. Many factories started to flourish because the railroads were able to transport goods in bulk, making it easier to mass produce goods. Not only did the railroads help travel quickly through the country, it decreased the prices of good and made trading easier. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Tuner started a rebellion after seeing and eclipse that took place August of 1831. Nat believed this was a signal from God to rebel against the whites. So he led his followers and slaughtered 55 white people because they were tired of being miss treated and dehumanized. This rebellion limited the privilege of the free slaves and passed Slave codes -
Worcester vs Georgia
This was after the Cherokee vs Georgia supreme court case. Worcester stood with the Cherokee nations and defended their land. Georgia reported this as a crime, but since Jackson hated the Natives he refuses to enforce decision of the Supreme court. Since Georgia pardons Worcesters crime, it was never recorded and allowed President Andrew Jackson to kick out the Natives making them travel to Oklahoma which would later be known as the trail of tears -
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina repealed or broke the tariff acts of 1832. Jackson disliked the nullification. Also John Calhoun who was the vice president resigned from VP. Crisis will end after Henry Clay compromises deal, congress scales back tariff. This crisis shows that congress was unconstitutional. -
Steel Plow
An inventor and a blacksmith that lived in the Middle West of America kept breaking his wood plows because of the tough soil. So John Deere invented the steel plow that changed agriculture in the 19th century. With the steel plow, it made it easier for farmers to produce more good faster because instead of plowing the fields by hand, they attached the steel plow to their horse or mule to drag the device in the field. It benefited consumers because it made crops cheaper due to less labor. -
Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears is a route that Cherokee nations traveled to present day Oklahoma. The Cherokee's were forced to give up their land east of the Mississippi River because of Andrew Jackson. Natives such as Cherokee, Choctaw, and Chickasaws tried to adopt the American ways to co-exist. But Andrew Jackson hated the natives, he forced them out of their lands and made them travel on a gruesome trail. During the trail, thousands of natives will die due to the harsh cold weather. -
Telegraph
The way Americans communicated with one another was completely revolutionized by the telegraph. Before the telegraph, people had to send messages through letters and that process takes a couple days, weeks, or months. But with the telegraph that was invented by Samuel Morse and others, played a major role in communication and battles with other nations. The telegraph allowed people to communicate long distances by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. -
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Westward Expansion
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Great Migration, Oregon Trail
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Foreign
During the Industrial Revolution many immigrated to America looking for many opportunities, such as a better life, job opportunities, religious freedom, and etc. For instance, America had a mass migration of immigrants, particularly the Irish, during September 1854. They migrated to America looking for food because their main food source, which were potatoes, died to a widespread epidemic that killed all of their crop, making the Irish to starve. -
Bear Flag Revolt
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Wilmot Proviso
Zachary Taylor ran for presidency in the election of 1848. He persuaded those in the south to vote for him because his campaign represented pro slavery. While the campaign he had in the north represented anti slavery, he used the Wilmot proviso act, which was an act to abolish slavery, to persuade the northerners. -
Suffrage
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Sectionalism
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
During 1846 - 1848, the Mexican American war occurred due to border disputes. On February 2nd 1812, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, which ended the war. This treaty settled border complications, and America gained over half of mexico's territory. They gained an additional 525,000 square miles of land which include present day Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, California, And Wyoming. People who were in Mexican land that was seized are now considered U.S citizens -
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty is a system that mean "power to the people" where they are allowed to have a say and decide on voting and government officials. For instance, this was used in the 19th century when Kansas was allowed to decide if they want to be a free state or slave state -
Compromise of 1850
During the 1850s were a really complicated year for the Americans, due to the newly acquired land from the Mexican American War. There were a lot of pressure about whether or not certain states are admitted as a free or a slave state. So a young senate named Stephen Douglas proposed 5 bills to compromise the issue. The 5 bills are California enters as a free state, Southwest territory can decide if they want to be free or slave state, border disputes, Salve trade banned in DC, fugitive slave act -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The book "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was an anti - slavery novel that was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Th book gives reader insight and the truth about everything that happens in the south. It explained how the plantation owners horribly treated their slave in a inhumane way, their working conditions, and a slaves everyday life. With this eye opening book, it help lay the foundation for the start of the Civil War. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman escaped slavery in 1849 while leaving her family back on the plantation. Although she was a runaway, she traveled back to the south 19 times to help her family and a total of 100,000 other slaves to freedom by leading them through the Underground Railroad. She and many abolitionists helped many slaves escape to Canada, but with her help it would've been difficult for many to escape. She showed them "safe houses" to hide from whites. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
An abolishment of the 36 30 line also known as the Missouri compromise. The Kansas Nebraska Act allowed states to choose if they want to be a salve state or not. -
Bleeding Kansas
During the time when popular sovereignty took play, Kansas was allowed to decide whether they are a slave state or free state. So when the voting came around, those who are for slavery paid people to come to Kansas to vote for Kansas to become a slave state. Abolitionists were angry that they cheated. Both sides started their own government which divided Kansas. This grew greater tension which sparked the Civil War to break out -
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Civil War
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Confederate States
The Confederate states was united and formed when the southern states seceded from the union after Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. Large groups of secessionists rallied together across the South. The first state to leave the union was South Carolina, after 2 months many states such as Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Florida later followed. They separated from the Union because Abraham Lincoln was a republican while the confederate states favored slavery aka democrats. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
On April 4th 1861 the first battle to the deadliest battle in American history occurred. In Charleston harbor, South Carolina, was the start of the Civil war. After many rebellions and tension between the Confederates and Union due to Abraham Lincolns election, the Confederates had to show their power. So they blocked all the ships that were meant to resupply Fort Sumter and launched a 36 hour battle. Since Union did not have supplies, they were forced to surrender to the Confederates. -
Civil War, North
The North, also known as the Union, had a massive population with a total of 22 million people on their side. They were considered an Industrial power house because they had 110,000 factories, which was a $1.5 billion dollar industry. The Union outshined the Confederates because they had such a large percentile of industry that would benefit the Union, such as having a 30,000 mile railroad track. Although they had gear to fight, they started to lose and had to draft soldiers for the army. -
Civil War, South
The South, also known as Confederates, didn't have much during the Civil War. The Union out shined the Confederates in all aspects. The Confederates has a population of 9 million people and 4 million were slaves. Therefore, many slaves and people were drafted into the war. They barely had enough clothes and weapons for all the soldiers. On top of everything, they only had 9,000 miles of railroads. Although they were out shined, they had great military leadership, which allowed them to fight. -
Trent Affair
A diplomatic incident that occurred in the 19th century where two Confederate diplomats were sent on British ships to negotiate with Britain was the Trent affair.During 1861 the North had a blockade that was set up in the Atlantic Ocean and the U.S navy ship USS San Jacinto intercepts the RMS Trent which carried the diplomats.When Britain caught wind that their diplomats was captured they demanded an apology from the Union. Luckily Lincoln released them and secures British and French neutrality. -
Twenty Negro Law
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Battle of Antietam
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Emancipation Proclamation
A proclamation that was passed in the 19th century that declared all slaves free in the South was the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation was intended to scare the Confederates to end their rebellion because it will only come into act if the rebellions stopped by January 1st 1863. It also stopped Britain from joining the war because it showed the the south was for slavery which goes against Britain's ways. The border states were allowed to keep their slaves if the proclamation was passed -
Battle of Vicksburg
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Battle of Gettysburg
During the Civil War, the Battle of Saratoga and the Battle of Gettysburg were very similar. This battle was considered a turning point of the war because this was one of the few fights where the South invaded in to the North. In Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 75,000 Confederate soldiers fought against 90,000 Union soldiers in a three day battle. On the final day, the Confederates got wiped out by running through the middle, forcing them to retreat. Making this a great victory for the Union -
Reconstruction Plans
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Black Codes
After the end of the Civil War, the Southern States passed laws in 1865 and 1866 which were the "Black Codes". These law forced African Americans to work under a yearly contract and if they opposed to signing, they would be arrested or be forced into unpaid labor. The Black Codes wanted to force blacks to work in labor based work with low wager or debt, while restricting their freedom. -
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Reconstruction
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40 Acres and a Mule
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Appomattox Court House
The Appomattox Court House a very important court house because that is the location as to where the bloodiest battle in American History came to an end. On April 9th 1865, general Lee surrenders after his army got pinched in Peters-burg, Richmond. Although they made peace in April, the battles officially ended late June. The Union and Confederates lost thousands of people due to the Civil War. Over 650,000 Americans died fighting each other in this war, this marked the bloodiest battle. -
Lincoln's Assassination
On April 14 1875 president Abraham Lincoln attended a play called "Our American Cousin" at Ford's theater in Washington DC. Although the Civil War ended on April 9th, there were still tension because many Confederates weren't happy of the results of the war. So actor John Wilkes Booth shot him point blank and killed the 16th president of America. John Booth became the first person in history to assassinate a American president. Abraham Lincoln was rushed to the hospital, but died the next day. -
13th Admendment
The Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution is an amendment to "abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime". The amendment was passed by the senate on April 8, 1864, but was later ratified by December 6th 1865 -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan, aka KKK, were a group of people that exist in almost every southern state by 1870. They hated the black rights in the Reconstruction era and wanted to put an end to it. The main purpose of their secret organization is to have the revival of white supremacy. The organization would recruit poor whites by convincing them that whites are better. They stir conflict with Republican leaders and punish the blacks by torturing them and or killing them. They still exist to this day. -
14th Admendment
The 14th Amendment was adopted into the U.S. Constitution in 1868, granting citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized" in the United States which includes former slaves, as well guaranteeing all citizens "equal protection of the laws." With the ratification of this amendment into the Constitution, it greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans, and has now become the basis for many landmark Supreme Court cases as well. -
15th Admendment
The 15th Amendment was adopted into the U.S. Constitution in 1870, granting African-American men the right to vote. It states that "The right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." However, by the late 1870's many practices were used to stop African Americans from voting, particularly in the South. -
Whiskey Ring Scandal
After a few months of Grant's second presidential term in office, the Whiskey Ring Scandal started in 1875. The Whiskey Ring Scandal was to bribe government officials and defraud the government of excessive taxes on liquor. Due to many officials pocketing tax money, the Whiskey ring was formed to catch those officials, they caught 238 indictments and 110 convictions. -
Mississippi Plan of 1875
Created by the Democratic Party to take Mississippi from the Republican Party. The plan would use organized threats of violence, suppression and/or purchase of black's votes to regain control of the legislature and governor's office. The plan was successful and replicated by white Democrats in South Carolina. It also included intimidation and economic coercion against blacks, although with limited success. -
Compromise of 1877
The Compromise of 1877 signified the end of the Reconstruction in the South. This was a secret, informal, unwritten compromise to settle disputed U.S Presidential election of 1876. The secretive deal was to ensure that Rutherford Hayes (Republican) will become the next president and the Democratic party would regain political power in the southern states. This will formally mark the end of Reconstruction
