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476
Rome: Fall of Empire
In the late fourth century and after a nearly 500- year run as the world's greatest power the Western Roman Empire fell apart. The Germanic king of Torcilingi Ordoacer removed Romulus Augustulus who was the last Roman Emperor and historians believe that is when the empire began to fall apart. Also, constant invasions, economic troubles, and relying upon slavery, the rise of other empires, government corruption, migration, and even religion all affected the downfall of the roman empire. -
500
The Dark Ages
Also called the Middle Ages, it refers to the fall of the Roman Empire after a reign of five hundred years. During this time period, the population was drastically low because of constant invasions from Barbarians from northern and central Europe. A lack of central power is what led to the development of a feudal system. New religious developed and expanded throughout the medieval church. The church is to blame for the spiritual darkness of the dark ages. -
900
Feudalism
Feudalism was a dominant social system that developed in Europe during the medieval ages, which were the nobility held lands from the Crowns in trade for military protection. A land-based economy, the judicial system, the rights of feudal lords under the federal system. No self-rights for peasants. Different forms of an constitutional government and set everyone in one place. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
This treaty was an agreement between Spain and Portugal who's the goal was to settle the conflicts over newly discovered lands explored by Christopher Columbus and other 15th- century voyagers. The treaty impacted world settlements, culture, and discoveries but it allowed Portugal to claim part of eastern South America. Even though Spain came out with the better end of the treaty and ended up getting ton more land. -
1500
The Colombian Exchange
The Colombian Exchange was the widespread trade of animals, plants, culture, human populations, diseases, and technology between American and Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th to 16th centuries after Christopher Colombus' 1492 voyage which is why it is named "The Colombian Exchange". The exchange of goods between the Old World and the New World impacted the production and changed the way people lived throughout the new continents. -
1500
Amerigo Vespucci
An Italian born to a merchant who also became an explorer who was involved in early voyages to the new world for Spain in the late 15th century. HIs voyages were known quickly throughout Europe. In 1507 a map maker named South American with "America" driving from Amerigo name. But, the USA is not named exactly after the explorer. -
Triangular Trade
Also, know as the transatlantic slave trade that was used from the late 16th century to the early 19th century. The trading system carried slaves, manufactured goods, crops. The first trip was to send European products to Africa in exchange for slaves; later on, it was used later to transport slaves to America. -
Chesapeake Colonies
1607 was when the first British colony was established which was Jamestown, located in The Chesapeake Colonies consisted of today Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Tobacco ran through their cultivation and saved the colony. Main purpose of the colonies were to be a base for English settlers who come to the new world. -
Virginia Colony
The first permanent British colony was established in Jamestown in the region by the Virginia company. This company received a charter from King James I and shared to raise funds and was even named after Queen Elizabeth I. The Colony, Jamestown, was meant to gain wealth to England by cash crops and tobacco. -
Salutary Neglect (1607-1763)
The Salutary Neglect was a policy from the British government mainly concerned about its North American colonies to see which trade for the colonies was not fully enforced and supervision of the colonial affairs was lazy because the colonies remained loyal to the British government and helped out the economy for Britain. This allowed the American colonies to trade with non-British, and operate without British government stepping in both economically & politially. -
English Colonization
Colonization for the British in the Americas began in 1607 starting in Jamestown, Virginia and expanded throughout North America. Also, known as the 13 colonies. Each colony had the same ideas. For example, religious freedom, escape from corruption, mark in new territory and find a new production of wealth. But the British explored late in the ages due to lack of sufficient navigation tools. -
Slavery: The Beginning
Slavery started in the 1600s. A system where people were bought and used for hard labor for work in the new American colonies. They were brought over by Dutch traders who had captured them from Spanish slave ships and which they were traded in the slave transatlantic trade that only grew heavily with south plantations. Slavery played a significant role in the development of the U.S. It eventually caused the civil war. -
Plymouth Colony
Plymouth Colony was the 2nd permanent English settlement in North America which was founded by religious dissents commonly known as Pilgrims in 1620. They settled in America for religious freedom but where they settled brought challenges to them. Over more than half the original settlers died during the first winter. The survivors established treaties with Native American tribes. Overall, they built a large self-sufficient economy in 5 years. -
New England Colonies
The New England colonies from British America consisted of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Providence Plantations. They participated in the triangular trade for the colonials economy which was based on whaling, fishing, and build ships along the coast. Their main priority was to Grosse economically first than religiously -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
This colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the 17th century. John Winthrop was the first Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony and a famous figure to the Puritan founders of New England. Their religion believed that God wanted them to live by the bible against sinners. -
Maryland Colony
Maryland Colony, founded by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, and other colonists in 1633 in Baltimore. This colony is one of the original 13 colonies and apart of the Southern Colonies due to the establishment. The motives for this colony was to practice their Catholic religion but as diversity start to come the colony, it divided among them. As it was a southern colony, its main economy came from slave labored plantations that produced cash crops. -
Quakers: The Founders
The Quakers were members of a Religious Society of Friends that emerged as a Christian Denomination in England during religious problems in the mid-1600s. Quakers believed all people were equal in God's eyes. Pennsylvania was founded by a Quaker by the name of Willaim Penn in 1682 as a safe place for Quakers to settle and practice their faith. They were significant for the movement to abolish slavery and movements for equal rights for women, and peace. -
Benjamin Franklin (1706-90)
A statesman, scientist, inventor, author, and diplomat. Benjamin started off a successful printing business in Philadelphia and became wealthy. Being involved deeply with the public affair, he contributed to the college, hospital, and library. He is one of the most famous figures in early American history. He also engaged in the American Revolution for independence and became a delegate for a convention that created the U.S. Constitution in 1787. -
The Enlightenment: America
Also known as the Age of Reasoning was a period was a philosophical movement in the 13 colonies from 1714-1818 which led to the American Revolution and the New American Republic. Enlightenment thinkers knew they could improve humanity through rational change. During this period, production of various books occurred, inventions, laws, wars and scientific discoveries. In the end, it gave people individual freedom and granted rights for common people. -
The First Great Awakening
The first great awakening was a religious revival from 1720-1740 and occurred in Europe and North American colonies. It was a movement against Protestant Christians who reacted to religious conditions in the colonies. This event was one of the most important events in American religion because of other religions subsequently suppressed which caused spiritual divinity to die out among the common people. -
French and Indian War
Also called the Seven Years of War. The war was a conflict between Britain, and North American colonies, Indian alliances, and France. It started in Fort Necessity in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The treaty protected colonies from Indian attacks and also protected Indian land. The war allowed Britain to gain a lot of territory in North America but many political disputes which caused towards the American Revolution -
Britain Financial Situation after "7 Years of War"
With the British victorious against French and Indians after the war. It had a significant impact on the British Empire. It changed economic situations between the colonies and also changed relations with European powers. In the end, the cost was excessively high and the British Government went bankrupt and had profits limited from the East Indian colonies. In order to gain back their losses, it led them to tax American colonists. -
Act of Parliament
The British Parliament was approved by the House of Commons and House of Lords in Britain and later established in the 13th colonies. 1st act was the Stamp Act. It was an act for Britain's debt after the French and Indian War. Issues of taxation without representation was raised by the Stamp Act and messed up relations with the colonies that 10 years later they rebelled against the British government. -
Declaratory Act of 1766
After the French and Indian War, Britain established an Acts of Parliament to get out of their deep debt. But many of the acts bothered colonists and colonies in North America and what eventually led to the American Revolutionary War for Independence. This Act, The Declaratory Act, was joined by the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1765 and changing of the Sugar Act. The Parliament rejected the Stamp Act mainly because boycotts were hurting the British trade. -
Townshend Act of 1767
As the British Parliament continued to control North America, the Townshend Act was introduced by Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles in 1767. Taxes imposed by the Townshend Act were important because it helped anger colonies against England. The year before, Parliament repealed the Stamp tax after violent protests. Imposed tax's glass, lead, paints, paper, tea that were imported into the colonies -
1st Continental Congress
The 1st Continental Congress was basically a meeting of 12 delegates from the 13 colonies. The meeting was from September 5th to October 26th, 1774 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Carpenters Hill. Though, the delegates were not ready to debate about independence. They were determined to fight for colonial rights. The Articles of Association was created which united boycott of British goods and demanded the intolerable acts be repealed. -
The Declaration of Independence
Adopted by the 2nd Continental Congress on July 4th, 1776 at a Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia the United States Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson with the help of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. It announced the independence fro Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. The States would find a New Nation now known as, The USA. -
Treat of Paris of 1783
Treaty of Paris was signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain as it was a negotiation between the U.S., and Great Britain to end the Revolutionary War and to recognize the colonies as an independent nation. The Continental Congress picked 5 people to negotiate the treaty- John Adams, John Jay, Henry Laurens, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson- that will establish the independence of the new nation from Britian -
Shay's Rebellion
This Rebellion was a series of protests in Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. The Rebellion was named after Daniel Shay, a veteran of the American Revolutionary who led the rebels. It consisted mainly of American Farmers against the state and local enforcement tax collections. This is one of the most important Rebellion's in the early years of the US government because it affected debates over Government structure and proved the AOC was weak and needed to be ratified. -
The Great Debate
The Great Debate was the drafting of the US Constitution. It had 2 political sides: the Federalists, and Anti-Federalists. The Federalist supported the constitution and power all to the central government and opposed the Bill of Rights. The Anti-Federalists supported the loose constitution, states rights, and Bill of Rights. In the end, the Federalist won the debate. -
The Three Branches of Government
The newly structured U.S. Constitution created three branches of government which was written by James Madison in the first 7 articles. Article 1 set up the legislative branch, Article 2 set up the judicial branch, and Article 3 created the executive branch. The Federal government was composed of the branch's individual power and are included in the U.S. Constitution, Congress, The President, and federal courts to ensure separation of powers. -
Constitutional Convention
The Convention took place on May 25, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Marked one of the most important events in American history because the convention was intended to re-write the AOC but James Madison, Alexander Hamilton thought in creating a new government instead of just fixing the AOC. 55 delegates representing 12 states attended the Convention. In the end, the US Constitution was born. -
Virginia Plan of 1787
After the AOC failed to neutralize the conflict of Shay's Rebellion the need for a new US Constitution was crucial. The Congress came up with two constitutional plans with one of them being the Virginia plan. The Plan consisted of fifteen proposals that the governor of Virginia presented to the delegates of the Constitutional Convention as a large- state plan for the new government. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance chartered the government for the northwest territory and provided a method for admitting new states into the union, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. It also forbid slavery and involuntary servitude in its own governing territory, which made the Ohio river a natural dividing line between slave and free states. -
Election of 1788
Also known as the First Quadrennial Presidential election in the new era. It took place under the new United States Constitution. George Washington was unanimously elected president against John Adams with 69 electoral votes. Washington won the support of each elector. No other president since has come into office with a universal mandate to lead, which created the executive branc. -
Bill Of Rights
Written in 1789 by James Madison but ratified in 1791, the Bill of Rights were the first ten amendments to the US constitution. They were intended to protect the rights of all US citizens such as guaranteed freedom of speech, exercise religion, right to fair legal procedure, and to bear arms and that powers not delegated to the federal governement would be reserved for the states and people. -
2 Competing Forms of Government
After the Constitution was made in 1787 political disputes quickly became known. Washington and Adams sided with the Federalist Party which caused tensions among who resisted the new government's organization of the federal power. But, Alexander Hamilton was an ardent nationalist who believed a strong federal government would solve many of the new country's financial messes. This lead to long political debates in the U.S.A. -
The Three- Tier System
The New Republic established a new form of government known as the U.S. Constitution that guranteed rights and liberty under its documents. The first years of the republic, the Judiciary Act, 1789, officially known as " An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States", was signed by President George Washington. The federal court levels consisted of the U.S. District court, U.S. Circuit court of Appeal and the U.S. Supreme Court -
The Second Great Awakening
Taking place in the early 19th century, it was a protestant religious revival and its movement started around 1790 but gained momentum -
Free Black Communities
In the Early Republic, Free Black Communities were established in the North and South but they struggled to keep organizations and institutions to advertise their growing communities and attain equal rights against slavery and racism. But, the right to express themselves depended on where they established their community as they started developing during the Civil War in the Union. They had standards to help their people grow in faith and persistence. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest against the U.S. while George Washingtons' presidency. It was the first tax acted on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government and intended to generate profit for the war debt collected during the Revolutionary War. But, Whiskey was the most popular beverage in America and taxing the whiskey made the farmers angry leading to the rebellion. As this was seen as the 1st test for the U.S. Constitution, it proved to be strong and effective. -
Election of 1796
The U.S. presidential election of 1796 was the 3rd presidential election. Consisted of the 1st contested presidential election in only which a president and vice president were elected from opposite party's. John Adams, who was elected president, and with Thomas Jefferson as vice president despite their political differences showed two parties collaboration for the future of the new nation. -
Kentucky Resolutions
The Kentucky Resolution was a political statement drafted in 1798 & 1799 in which the Kentucky legislature claimed the federal Alien and Sedition Acts was unconstitutional. The Alien and Sedition Act was a reaction to the turbulent political climate in France during the late 1700s following the French Revolution. A compact among the states led to the American Revolution. -
Changes in Transportation
The Industrial Revolution changed transportation methods with new inventions such as Roads, Steamboats, Canals, and Railroads. An effective transport network allowed the movement of heavy products and materials around in order to open access to raw materials, breakdown local monopolies and help integrate economy where regions could fail. -
Runaway Slaves
One- third of the southern population was slaves and most lived in large plantations where they were treated horribly and discriminated in cruel ways. The lifestyle they had motivated to them to run away to free- slave states for freed from southern slavery. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was an organized effort to encourage to regulate the intoxication. The ranks were mostly women & children who have been affected by intoxicated males. Temperance advocates wanted to reduce Americans to reduce the amount of alchohol to reduce violence and ignorance. -
Steamboats
The Industrial Revolution impacted the way of living, population, employment, and economic system. Inventions such as the Steamboats are one of the few that revolutionized America's society. But, the Steamboat revolutionized transportation in America by allowing easy travel upriver with productions needed across the states -
Jefferson: National Debt
While Thomas Jefferson was president, the U.S. Government was in debt of more than 80 million dollars. Jefferson planned down to cut-down federal taxes and concentrate on decreasing the bureaucracy system. The Louisiana Purchase backlashed as it was supposed to improve the nation's debt but the European war between Napolean and British troubled the American economy. However, the Embargo Act failed and made it worse. -
Agricultural Revolution
After the war of 1812, the agricultural base societies around the states began to transition into the powerful Industrialization culture. In the 18th century, new farming systems created agricultural revolutions that produced larger quantities of crops to feed a bigger population. These developments changed employment and population. -
Jefferson Administration (1801-1809)
Thomas Jefferson's administration began after beating President John Adams in the 1800 presidential election. He authored the Declaration of Independence and a leading figure in America's early republic. His administration was simplistic. He purchased the Louisiana Territory and approved of the Lewis and Clark expedition. -
Louisiana Purchase
While Thomas Jefferson was president, he had a variety of plans that he believed would benefit the nation of farmers and expansion. He heard word about France's Louisiana Territory for sale and couldn't let it go pass by him. Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory in 1803 from France with a cost of 15 million U.S. Dollars. The U.S. acquired 827,000 sq. miles of land west of mississippi river -
The Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act was a law passed by the U.S. Congress and signed by the president at the time, Thomas Jefferson. The Embargo Act stopped American ships from trading to foreign ports due to many American seamen were under British impressment. The Act caused more problems instead of actually resolving it thought because it hurt the Nation's economy. The Act led to the war of 1812. -
War of 1812
The 13 Colonies took on Great Britain in the War of 1812. The fight impacted the future of the New Republic. After the British tried to restrict American trade, the Royal Navy's impressment of American Seamen and America's desire to expand brought a spirit of patriotism for the Nation's wealth and respect. It's also known to be the 2nd War of Independence from Britain and reflects the power of Americans -
Battle of Fort McHenry
The Battle of Fort McHenry was fought on September 13/14, 1814, during the War of 1812, where it was successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British Navy from the Chesapeake Bay. Francis Scott Key gave birth to our national song "Star Spangled Banner". -
Panic of 1819
Also called The First Major U.S. Depression. It was a collapse of the American economy persistent through 1821. It had a widespread of foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment and a decline in agriculture and manufacturing. The Panic allowed the US to announce its independent economy which led to state banks for financial structure. -
Election of 1824
This was the 10th quadrennial presidential election, which was held from October 26 to December 2, 1824, electing John Quincy Adams as the new U.S. President. Andrew Jackson won the electoral votes but was not elected and called it a corrupt bargain. This was the only election in history to be decided by the House of Representatives while under the watch of the 12th amendment to the U.S. Constitution after no one secured a majority of the electoral vote -
Corrupt Bargain of 1824
The 10th presidential election, in which John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson ran against each other to be President. But, It was the first election where it was decided by the House of Representatives under the watch of the 12th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution after neither candidate secured a majority of electoral votes. Though, Jackson won most electoral votes, he was't elected and he called it corrupt -
Jackson's Administration
The United States presidential election of 1828 was the 11th quadrennial presidential election won by Andrew Jackson. Jackson's Administration involved changes in our political system, economic system & population influences in our nation such as the Indian Removal Act. Jacksonian Democracy marked the transition of the First Party System to the Second Party System, expanding Democracy's electorate vote & political party that is relatively known in modern politics -
Election of 1828
The United States presidential election of 1828 was the 11th presidential election, with President John Q. Adams and Andre Jackson running. Jackson and his chief ally Martin Van Buren combined their bases in the South and New York and easily defeated Adams as he was known as "The Common Man" for the people. The Democratic Party merged it strength from the existing supporters of Jackson. -
Second Party System
The Second Party System came onto the platform during Andrew Jackson's democracy age & presidential election of 1828. The Second Party System is a name for the political party system in the U.S during the 1800s. It grew with increasing levels of voter interests and partisan identification leading into the presidential election where Jackson contributed to its revolution. It is the first and only party system where two major parties remain on equal footing. -
Railroads
The Industrial and economic developments f the industrial Revolution brought significant social changes. Industrialization resulted in an increase in population and the phenomenon of urbanization, as a growing number of people moved to urban centers in search of employment. Richard Trevithick developed the first successful railroad system locomotive.The opening on the Baltimore and Ohio line began a railroad revolution for America. Railroads sparked a national revolution in the way people lived. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a 19th century school of American Theological and philosophical thought that combined respect for nature and self-sufficiency with elements of Unitarianism and German Romanticism. Writer Ralph Waldo Emerson was the primary practitioner of the movement, which became an organized group in the 1830s. They wanted individual freedom and helped the abolitionist movement at this time. But, in the 1850s, its reason to have lost some of its influence following the Death of Fuller. -
Anti-Slavery Movement
As the political and social views teared and separated the U.S. states over slavery's cruelty, there were distinctively a pair of groups that reign common thoughts over the circumstances, Pro-slavery southerners and Anti-slavery northerners.Abolitionist in the 1830s through 1870s organized a movement that was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregations. They were successful & led to the revolutionary ends of slavery in the Civil War. -
Indian Removal Act
President Andrew Jackson spent years leading campaigns against Native American Indians in Georgia, Alabama that resulted in the transfer of hundreds, thousands of acres of land from Indian nations to white farmers. His hatred towards Indians led him to sign the Indian Removal Act, which gave the federal government the power to exchange Native-held land in the cotton kingdom east of the Mississippi for land to the west but The removal also created what known as the "Trail of Tears." -
Sam Houston
Born in Virginia, Sam Houston became a lawyer, congressman, and senator in Tennessee. On April 21, 1836, Houston and his men defeated Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna at San Jacinto to win Texas independence. He was voted President in 1836 and again in 1841, then served as a senator after Texas became a state in 1845. He became the first President of Texas before he served as a US Senator and a Governor of Texas.His legacy reigns long after over the history of Texas and U.S. -
Election of 1836
The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election between Martin Van Buren and other Whig Party candidates led by William Henry Harrison. Buren won against Harrison and messed with the Whig Strategy by polling well in all sections of the country even though Whigs were able to make huge gains in Congress. -
Telegraph
The Telegraph system was invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 and used as a new military strategy during the Civil War & Presidency of Abraham Lincoln. It uses electrical signals, usually used via dedicated telecommunication lines. It superseded optical semaphore telegraph systems, becoming the first form of electrical telecommunications. The telegraph gave Americans the chance to send and receive messages at fast speeds and Lincoln usage for the Civil War. -
Frederick Douglas
Fredrick Douglas was an American abolitionist and author. He was born a slave, but Douglas escaped at age 20 to become one of the world's leading figures in abolitionism.Douglas wrote several autobiographies describing his experiences as a slave. He became a bestseller & powerful influence in promoting the cause of abolition due to his attacks of Jim Crow and Lynching in the 1890s Famous for his American ideals and persuasion through his words over slavery, racism & gave hope for his people. -
Election of 1844
The U.S. presidential election of 1844 was the 15th quadrennial presidential election. Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issue of slavery expansion through the annexation of the Republic of Texas. The election took place in the middle of a bitter congressional disputes over anti-slavery agitation that revealed how fragile the peaceful coexistence of free-soil and slave-soil interests within the United States really was. -
Annexation of Texas
The Texas annexation was the 1845 movement towards the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. The annexation led quickly to war with Mexico in 1846. -
Mexican- American War
The Mexican-American War was the first U.S. armed conflict fought on foreign soil. It cornered a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a number of U.S. victories. -
Treaty of Guadalupe
Treaty of Guadalupe was signed on February 2, 1848. After the defeat of the Mexican army and the fall of Mexico City, in September 1847, the Mexican government surrendered and peace negotiations began. The war officially ended with February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.The treaty effectively halved the size of Mexico and doubled the territory of the United States. This territorial exchange had long-term effects on both nations. Leading to the mex- American war. -
Suffrage: Women's rights
After the Civil War, women got into the work environment, nursing, literacy & education as the nation fought the bloodiest war in American History. After the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, women demanded suffrage for the first time. Amendments were passed for the rights of black people, while women remained under the light. Women's suffrage for quality was established nationally in 1920 as the 19th amendment, giving them their rights. -
Oregon Trail
The 2,200-mile east-west trail served as a transportation route for immigrants traveling from Missouri to Oregon during the mid-1800s. Travelers were inspired by tales of gold and rich farmlands, but they were also motivated by difficult economic times in the east and the diseases like malaria that was plaguing the Midwest around 1837. -
California Gold Rush
The discovery of gold in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 sparked the Gold Rush. Considered one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century. As news spread of the discovery, thousands of prospective gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding area; by the end of 1849, the non-native population of the California territory was some 100,000. This led a revolutionary time in American history. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay introduced a series of solutions on January 29, 1850, in an attempt to seek a compromise & avoid a crisis between North and South. Created when new land were added to the U.S. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished.The south gained strength of the fugitive slave law, the north gained a new free state, California. Texas lost territory but was compensated with $10 million to pay for its debt. -
Sectional Crisis
Sectional differenced within the United States, mostly about slavery, grew as the country's leaders debated whether to allow slavery to expand into the western territories and as criticism of slavery tensions grew in some free states. The Compromise of 1850, Congress agreed to admit California to the U.S. as a free state; to allow slavery in the new territories of New Mexico and Utah; to prohibit the slave trade in Washington, D.C.; and to pass the Fugitive Slave Law. -
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-States.The Act was strengthened at the insistence of the slave states of the South by the Compromise of 1850, which required even the governments and residents of free states to enforce captures. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. Trying to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. Kansas with slavery would violate the Missouri Compromise, which had kept the Union from falling apart for the last thirty-four years.The long-standing compromise would have to be repealed -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas was a term used to described the period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory. In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraksa Act overturned the Missouri Compromise’s use of latitude as the boundary between slave and free territory and instead, using the principle of popular sovereignty, decreed that the residents would determine whether the area became a free state or a slave state. Proslavery & free-state settlers flooded into Kansas to try to influence the decision. -
Industrialization
After the war of 1812, the era took known as the Industrialization. This changed the way of living, economy, education, transportation, and innovation among the nation. Industrialization in the United States increased at a fast pace. This period, taking most of the second half of the nineteenth century, has been called the American Industrial Revolution. -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee served as a military officer in the U.S. Army and the general of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. In June 1861,Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia, which he would lead for the rest of the war.Lee and his army achieved great success during the Peninsula Campaign and at Second Bull Run (Mansassas) and Fredericksburg, with his greatest victory coming in the bloody Battle of Chancellorsville, but declined at the end. -
South: Military Leadership
Military leadership in the American Civil War was influenced by professional military education and the hard-earned ranking of command experience. The Confederacy during the Civil War had a large amount of experience and military knowledge than the North's Union. Jefferson Davis was provisional president on February 9, 1861, on the Confederate nation. Military leaders ignited a strategical force during the war against the Union for the fight for slavery's legacy. -
Neutral States (Civil War Era)
The Lincoln regarded Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri as border states, critical because of their geographical positions and questionable in loyalty because of their strong ties to both South and North. Slavery existed in all 4 states, though its importance had diminished in Delaware and Maryland as their prewar economies became increasingly interwoven with the North's. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) commanded the Union army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877. An Ohio native, Grant graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). During the Civil War, Grant, an aggressive and determined leader, was given command of all the U.S. armies. After the war he became a national hero, and the Republicans nominated him for president in 1868. -
Army of the Potomac
The Bloodiest war in the United States history was the Civil War that was fought over increasing disputes on Slavery among the Northern and Southern states. As tensions between Northern Abolitionist and pro-slavery Southerners grew, it furthered their distance from each other. The Union army in the Northern section was known as the "Army of the Potomac," was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential order issued by President Lincoln during the American Civil War after the battle of Antietam. The Emancipation proclamation granted the freedom to the slaves in the Confederate states if the States did not return to the union by January 1, 1863. This brought a spirit of liberty among the colored population, but it didn't specify on the exact date the freedom and right for the salves were to take place. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg lasted from July 1st to July 3rd in 1863 and considered the most important battles of the American Civil War. On July 1, the advancing Confederates clashed with the Union’s Army of the Potomac, commanded by General George G. Meade, at Gettysburg. Ending with the Union winning that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North. However, more than 50,000 men fell as casualties during the war making it the bloodiest turning point.' -
Gettysburg Address
During the American Civil War President Abraham Lincoln had been invited to speak at the dedication of the new cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as the final resting place for soldiers who had died in the Battle of Gettysburg. President Lincoln came & spoke out a 272-word speech revealing short poetic of the importance the proposition "All men are created equal" brought to America's history. -
Lincolns 10% Plan
After Union's victory from the Civil War, the South's conditions, consequences, and social society had to be re-looked at under the government & Presidential plans. President Lincoln issued his blueprint for reconstruction that included the Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. Issued December 8, 1863 -
13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment established the first of the 3 slave amendments following the Civil War. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. It clarified the freedom of slaves that the Emancipation Proclamation did not specify and permanently solved disputes. -
Freedom Amendments: Slavery
During the Era of Reconstruction, the Union's victory in the Civil War leads to the period of reconstructing the social, economic, and society in the South. President Lincoln issues three slave amendments that guaranteed the freedom, equality, and citizenship for the black community among the nation. The Thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment are the slave documentations for freedom, citizenship, and equality rights to vote passed by the Senate. -
Reconstruction begins White Resistance
After the Civil War, Republicans in Congress believed former slaves would need support from the federal government to protect their new rights. Many white Southerners disagreed, often taking violent actions to intimidate African Americans and resist the new formed amendments to abolish them. White individuals disgusted the black community for rising to equality in the society, thereby White resistance created groups known as The Brotherhood and The KKK to punish blacks and social order. -
Panic of 1873
The panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that birth to a depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 through 1879. When Jay Cooke and Company closed their doors, it signaled an economic collapse. Until events of the early 1930's new setting standard, the "Great Depression," reinforced the need for a perception gold standard. -
Compromise of 1877
After the election of 1876, the dispute returns from Florida, Lousiana, and South-Carolina being the only states in the South with Reconstruction-Era Made the 19th president, Ruther Hayes, issue a compromise that would end the reconstruction. The compromise of 1877 was an unwritten deal that settled the disputed presidential election and pulled troops out of state politics to end the Reconstruction Era. -
Jim Crow Laws
The aftermath from the four years of the civil war revealed an economic, agriculture damage,and distressful disputes across the nation over the outcomes that the war produced.The plans issued for the South's consequential actions originated hatred among the southerners over black individuals for their rise to equality to white men in America.Jim crow laws enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the Reconstruction Era and The Civil Rights -
Mining
Mining in the United States became a major industry in the 19th century with a number of new mineral discoveries causing a series of mining "rushes." In 2015, the value of coal, metals, and industrial minerals mined in the United States was US$109.6 billion. The United Mine Workers labor union has played a key role in United States coal mining. Strikes were very common, the rhetoric employed about exploitation was effective in mobilizing strikers.
1900 -
Canal Age
Canals lowered transport costs, connected eastern and western markets, fueled economic growth, and in some, generated waterpower for manufacturing. DeWitt Clinton petitioned the New York State legislature to build the canal and bring a dream to reality. It Final completion was in 1825 and the canal's success led to an industrialization of Canal usage.
