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1500 BCE
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles were granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on their land -
Period: 1300 BCE to
Beginnings to exploration
European history expanded overseas which merged and made Europe powerful. -
990 BCE
Pueblo/Anasazi
The Anasazi culture originated in the first century B.C in the Four Corners of the US. The people harvested crops which they depended off, they lived in permanent villages, and made pottery. They became the most powerful people in the Southwest. -
476 BCE
Fall of the Empire
There wasn’t a successor therefore it was disorganize, the government was running out of money which is why they didn’t have enough soldiers to protect the land, and invasion happens -
1095
The Crusades
To won back the Holy Land conquered by the Muslim's through Killing and Destroying Romania (The Byzantine Empire). -
1300
Aztecs
The Aztecs were an ancient Meso-American culture/civilization which arrived at the valley of central Mexico, Tenochtitlan was the capital of a great city with huge square pyramid temples. -
1300
The Renaissance
The birth of humanism or the focus on human potential for greatness by basing civilization off of the traditional Greek and Roman, with Henry the navigator -
1400
Christopher Columbus
The explorer who found the New World while searching for a sea route to the Indies -
1400
Black Death
One third of Europe's population was wiped out by an infestation that was transmitted by rats and fleas -
Period: 1400 to
Colonial America
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1440
Print changes in communication invented by Johannes Gutenberg
Gutenberg Information spread faster
-Bibles were spread to more people
-Practice religion and questioning church -
Bering land bridge
Ancient land bridge that was over 1000 miles long. Historians believed that the Native American got to America by way of the land bridge. -
Barbados, Jamaica
West Indian islands, Caribbean island that developed close commercial ties with southern Carolina, where many of their natives immigrated to, bringing along their ideas of a slave- based plantation society, large percent of puritans immigrated here, lots of African slaves. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
Colonial society in the North America colonies in the 18th century were represented by a small wealthy social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. ... Members of Colonial Society in the 18th Century were: Wealthy. Owned land, plantations and large houses. -
First English Colonies
The first colonies in north America failed. The settlers in Jamestown succeeded, but they made enemies of the local native Americans -
Salutary Neglect
Idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, if they remained loyal to England. colonist grew accustomed to making their own rules. -
Headright System
Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists in. -
New England
The economy centered on small farming, fishing, and home manufactures, as well as sea trade and shipbuilding. The region quickly expanded as immigrants streamed in and families grew. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
People moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, making the New England Confederation, with a strong central government, urban populations, and strict control. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was one of the first English settlements to have been created in New England. -
New York
Rivalry between England and Netherlands. New Netherlands surrendered to the British colony named in honor of the king's brother, the Duke of York -
Dominion of New England
King James II attempted to consolidate all the New England colonies into one larger colony taking away the rights of the people living in those colonies -
James ll
The King of England from 1685-1688 who was openly Catholic and tried to create absolutism in England -
New England
Puritans migrated with their families and established small towns. Fairly egalitarian land distribution (small farms not large plantations). Congregational (Puritan) church = hub of community. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Period: to
New Republic
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Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Great Awakening
A tremendous North American religious revival in mid-eighteenth-century colonial America, striking first in the Middle Colonies and New England in the 1740s and then spreading to the southern colonies -
Atlantic slave trade
Millions of Africans were captured, shipped across the Atlantic, and sold as slaves in the Americas. Planters were need for sugar and tobacco -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Civic Duty
The action that is required by law, Paying taxes, attending school, serving on jury duty, Signing up for the Select Service when you turn 18 if you are a male -
French and Indian War
The war was fought between England and France for control of certain lands in North America -
Treaty of Paris
It ended the French and Indian War and gave control of all French land in North America to England -
Steam power engines
Provided energy to run from factory machines and allowed new inventions to be created -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Declaratory act
It claimed that Britain had the right to tax the American colonies. This statement didn't convince the colonists, and the prospect of revolution became more pronounced. -
Boston Tea Party
Colonials disguised themselves as Indians boarded the ships and threw the tea overboard. They did so because they were afraid that Governor Hutchinson would secretly unload the tea because he owned a share in the cargo. -
Olive Branch Petition
It was the second continental congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III requesting to settle their differences peacefully without going to war. -
Lexington
This battle is the first battle of the Revolutionary War, and because the colonists won, it gave them confidence that they would win more battles against the British. Treaty of Paris -
Thomas Jefferson
He was the author of declaration of independence -
Thomas Paine
He was born in Great Britain known for his literary contributions to the revolutionary criticized tyranny, monarchy, and slavery. Wrote the common sense cause -
Currency ACO
The states had their own form of currency, so they could not trade efficiently -
Massachusetts constitution
Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, drafted by John Adams, is the world's oldest functioning written constitution. It served as a model for the United States Constitution, which was written in 1787 and became effective in 1789 which led to Problems with Britain -
Shay's Rebellion
It was a rebellion among farmers in Massachusetts that began in 1786. The rebellion is important because it is seen as one of the major factors that led to the writing of the new Constitution -
Constitutional convention
It was a gathering for writing a new constitution discussing the representation of states and slavery -
Sue's Slavery
It’s when slaves would be counted as part of the population in determining representation of the states in the Congress or would instead be considered property. -
Anti Federalists
They were a diverse coalition of people who opposed ratification of the Constitution. Believed in power to the people and state. Wanted a bill of right -
Northwest ordinance
A law passed in 1787 to regulate the settlements of the northwest territory, which eventually was divided into several states of the Middle West. The United States was governed under the Articles of Confederation at the time. -
Three tier system
It’s the three-tiered structure of federal court system: district court, circuit court, supreme court -
George Washington
He was the man that established American republic. he led the revolutionary army against the British Empire, he served as the first president, and most importantly he stepped down from power -
Bill of Rights
It was an addition to the constitution of ten amendments that protect the natural right of the people -
Second great awakening
It was led by powerful preachers who held large revivals, which were like outdoor concerts that featured sermons instead of bands. These revivals were held throughout the American colonies and drew thousands of people. It started religious romantism -
Charles Grandison Finney
the 'Father of Modern Revivalism'. He was the leader in the 'Second Great Awakening' in the United States, serving as a Presbyterian, then Congregationalist, minister and religious writer -
Capital site district of Columbia
it was the constitution established by the United States to serve as the nation’s capital. -
Alexander Hamilton
He came up with a plan for the new gov. which gave it power and a vision for the future, (Industrial and Urban) and it dealt with the national debt crisis -
Bank of the United States
it issued paper money; 2) provide a safe place to keep public funds; 3) offer banking facilities for commercial transactions; and 4) act as the governments fiscal agent. -
Cotton gin by Eli Whitney
the processing of cotton becoming faster and cheaper. More people could now afford to buy cotton, which increased its demand. It increased the need for slavery -
First National Test
it put down of the whiskey rebellion by government was the fist test of authority of the constitution -
Jay's Treaty
It was a treaty between the US and Great Britain and it is where the British agreed to get rid of their posts (forts) in the Northwest. It opened commerce and navigation between both -
Washinton’s farewell address
It was stressed maintaining commercial but not political ties to other nations; stressed not entering permanent alliances; America's uniqueness depended on being independent action on foreign affairs -
Adams presidency
Established Cabinet level Navy Dept., 1798
2. Increased the size of army and navy and increased taxes to support them.
3. Passed Alien Acts, 1798
4. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1799 -
Indentured Servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years as a pay back -
Planters
people who held a significant number of slaves, mostly as agricultural labor. Planters are often spoken of as belonging to the planter elite -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Period: to
Westward expansion
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Jefferson administration
He pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. He also organized the Louisiana Purchase, almost doubling the country's territory. Because of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. -
12th amendment
Instead of casting two votes for President, each elector must pick a President AND a Vice President on his or her ballot. -
Louisiana purchase
828,000 square miles of land given the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans, both of which were used by farmers to ship their crops and get paid. -
Steamboats
A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine, made it easier and quicker to travel goods -
Madison presidency
He led the US into the conversion war of 1812 -
War of 1812
The United States had declared war against Great Britain in reaction to three issues: the British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier. -
British blockade
Britain relied on a maritime economic blockade to defeat France. British war ships stopped American merchant ships forcibly impressed any British sailors they found into the Royal Navy. -
Battle of new Orleans
It was the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry -
2nd bank of united states
it held federal tax receipts and regulated the amount of money circulating in the economy. The Bank provided to be very unpopular among western land speculators and farmers, especially after the Panic of 1819 -
Rush Bagot treaty
an agreement that limited naval power on the Great lakes for both the United States and British Canada. -
Adams onis treaty
An Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States Missouri crisis -
Missouri compromise
This was to keep a balance between the number of slave states and the number of free states in the Union. It allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state at the same time Maine entered as a free state, -
Andrew Jackson
A lawyer and a landowner who became a national war hero after defeating the British in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States. He believed in common man. -
Transcendentalism
a philosophical and literal movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal and imagination -
Greek revival
Severity of form based on Greek temples; Repeated modular forms, Well suited to town houses -
Presidency of john. Adams
He served as the sixth president of the united states he negotiated the Adams-Onis Treaty, acquiring Florida for the United States. -
Corrupt bargain
it refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson -
Election of 1828
Election between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson in which they attacked each other with immoral comments. A modern election -
Temperance movement
It was to win people over to the idea of temperate use of alcohol. But as the movement gained momentum, the goal shifted first to voluntary abstinence, and finally to prohibition of the manufacture and sale of it -
Immediatism
immediatists demanded immediate, complete, and uncompensated emancipation, dominant strands of abolitionism -
Mormons
they are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, a religious movement beginning with the visions of Joseph Smith in upstate New York -
Nullification Crisis
it was a showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by Henry Clay in 1833 -
Whig party
An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements -
Oregon trail
a route from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon, used by pioneers traveling to the Oregon Territory -
Sam Houston
He was an American soldier and politician. His victory at the Battle of San Jacinto secured the independence of Texas from Mexico in one of the shortest decisive battles in modern history. -
Battle of san Jacinto
This decisive battle that is historically significant because a small Texan military force defeated a larger and more experienced Mexican army which resulted in the ultimate independence of Texas from Mexico -
Trail of tears
it was a March where Cherokee people were forcibly removed from Georgia to Indian Territory, 4000 Cherokee people died of cold, hunger, and disease -
Tenements
Apartments built in city slums for house large numbers of immigrants. -
Immigration Irish
1840 Irish Immigration to America was to escape from political and religious persecution. Dire poverty caused by natural disaster of the Irish Potato Famine forced people to emigrate -
Manifest destiny
The motivation to acquire all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and Americans believe that it was their God-given right to acquire this land -
William henry Harrison
He was Elected at age 67, he was then the oldest man to take the office, and became the first U.S. president to die in office. His one-month tenure was the shortest. -
Annexation of Texas
Was the incorporation of Texas into the republic of the United States as the 28th state, which led to Mexican American war. -
Mexican American war
The Mexican troops fought against one another in theMexican-American War. Ultimately, it was a battle for land where Mexico was fighting to keep what they thought was their property and the U.S. desired to retain the disputed land of Texas and obtain more of Mexico's northern lands -
Mormon migration
People migrated across the United States from the Midwest to the Salt Lake Valley in what is today the U.S. state of Utah -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Suffrage women
it The first time an organized group decides to fight for women's right to vote. Women do not get the right to vote until 1920, with the passage of the 19th Amendment. -
Treaty of Guadalupe
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848, the treaty allowed the United States to purchase California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado for fifteen million dollars, doubling the size of the United States, but also replacing millions of Mexican citizens in new American territory. -
California migration
it was the largest mass migration in American history since it brought about 300,000 people to California due to the gold rush -
Popular sovereignty
the liberty given to the states to decide their future according to slavery -
Zach Taylor
General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Was a Whig. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but was defeated. -
Compromise of 1850
Slavery became outlawed in Washington D.C., California is admitted as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico will determine whether slavery is allowed through popular sovereignty. Also, the Fugitive Slave Law is passed -
Under ground railroads
it was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by African-American slaves to escape into free states and Canada -
Extreme polarization
The division of the north an south in terms in their position of slavery and politically that led to civil war -
Nativism
believed they were the true “Native” Americans, and blamed immigrants for problems. Against immigration -
North
it was more industrialized, immigrants mostly placed in the north meaning cheap and more labor, had control of the railroads and had a bigger population. -
Dre Scott vs. Sandford
The Court ruled that no African American could be a citizen and that Dred Scott was still a slave The court also ruled that the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. -
Election of 1860
The democrats divided between john Rockridge and john bell, republican candidate Abraham Lincoln appeal to different section of the country. Abraham wins -
Copper heads
Northern Democrats(Peace Democrats) during the Civil War, they wanted an end to the War immediately -
Period: to
Civil War
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Northern cotton embargo
An imposition by Confederates in 1861 on
the export of cotton, the South's most valuable commodity, to prompt England and France to secure Confederate independence. -
Gettysburg
Pennsylvania, July 1-3rd, 1863- Union leaders defeated General Lee. The Turning point of Civil War. Followed by famous speech by Lincoln to dedicate cemetery. -
Emancipation proclamation
A special order by President Lincoln on January 1st, 1863 declaring slaves in Confederate sates to be free except neutral states -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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Reconstruction
40 acres and a mule 1865 William Sherman promise to freed African Americans of 40 acres of land and a mule to work and sustain their family -
Black codes
restricted the freedom of black people (freedmen) and the right to own properties, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces such as Southern towns. -
Freedom amendments
amendments 13th, 14th, and 15th that granted slaves freedom, citizenship and right to vote. -
Enforcement acts
three bills passed by the United States Constitution -
Slavery lower south
The south and west of south Carolina, cotton fertile, ideal farming slavery increasing. Grew more cotton than the upper south. -
Robert e lee
General of the confederate army. He fought George B. McClellan in the Seven Days' Battle. He slowly drove McClellan back into the sea, winning the Seven Days' Battle -
Carpetbaggers
Northerns who came to the south for economic reasons after the Civil War and they took advantage of citizens of the south -
Panic of 1877
Financial crisis that started a depression in Europe and NA -
Economic boom new south
Supported building a more diversified economy
-championed the expansion of Southern industry
-supported return of White conservatives to power
-withdrawal of federal troops and rise of KKK and lynching
-Agricultural economy to an industrial one -
poll taxes
three bills passed by the United States constitution -
Secularism
The belief that religion should not interfered with or be integrated into public affairs of a society -
Navigation Act
It gave customs officials the power to use general search warrants; board of trade created to oversee colonial economic activity.
