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Period: 25,000 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
Worlds Collide -
2900 BCE
The Bering Land Bridge
This land bridge is how people from Asia came into America. There were 3 major waves; the first one happened 27,000 years ago, the second 8,000 years ago and the last major one was 5,00 years ago. The Bering Land Bridge brought in the first Native Americans. -
1 BCE
Mesoamerica
The first advanced civilizations in the Americas. This includes the very first one which is the Olmecs, they created a calendar, blood-letting, the number 0, pyramids. They will decline by 350 B.C. Another society were the Mayans, they existed from 2000 B.C. to 1500 A.D. They also continued blood-letting, had a calendar, they had the first writing system; hieroglyphics. The third society were the Aztecs. They had the largest population at 20 million. They had human sacrifices to the gods. -
476
Rome
Rome united Europe for the first time in history. In this period of time the Roman Law was developed. The Roman Law is the basis of civil law in many countries today. The Roman empire will fall in 476 -
700
Dark Ages
There was a complete cultural/educational domination by the Catholic Church. This resulted in it being a backward time for Europe, there were no higher learning and there was also a weak economy in this time. -
1350
The Renaissance
The "Rebirth". Its a cultural movement where there were many new inventions. In this era there were artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo. The printing press was invented by Johan Gutenberg with this invention ideas and literary works were quickly replicated and spread. -
1492
Exploration
With the newly acquired knowledge from the Renaissance it is applied to exploration. Portugal begins exploration in the sea for faster trade routes. Spain then begins to compete with Portugal. Christopher Columbus believed the shortest route to Asia was West. He set sail in 1492 and he discovered the Caribbeans though he thought he landed in outer Asian islands. On his 3rd voyage he discovered parts of S.America. Christopher Columbus died without knowing he discovered a new continent. -
1580
English Colonization
English was a latecomer to the colonization of America. They get into the game in 1588 when they defeat the Spanish Armada which allowed them to begin naval dominance. Their first colony, Roanoke, was unsuccessful for many factors like the settlers were not the type to do work in the fields and they didn't have help from the natives because they pushed them away from settlements. -
Chesapeake Colonies
Jamestown started as a private charter in 1608. It started with 105 settlers but only 32 survived the first winter. They also isolated themselves from natives and it didn't work because they didn't know how to farm the land. However, a man named John Smith negotiated with local natives and traded with them. In the Chesapeake colonies they finally had a cash crop which was tobacco. Although they didn't make any profit early on, it later became a profit maker. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
1607-1732 -
New England Colonies
New England colonies include Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, and Connecticut. The Plymouth colony were mostly puritans, they believed England and Holland are too corrupt. Plymouth settlers sailed on the Mayflower. Massachusetts Bay Colony were selected settlers. They valued family, which is why they're settlements were different from the Chesapeake. They were built around church or town center and were close together. -
The Caribbean Colonies
The Caribbean Colonies were in Barbados, Jamaica and other English-owned islands. The English farmed sugar here because they loved it. In Barbados the population was 26,000 and the slaves will eventually outnumber white people. -
Colonial Problems
The colonists had many problems. One of them was war with the natives. Another was the Virginia rebellion that was led by Nathaniel Bacon. He was against indentured servants. The result was the colonists were less dependent on servants more on imported slaves. -
Glorious Revolution
James the 2nd was the first catholic monarch in over 100 years. He wanted a Spanish style colonial government. The glorious revolution was against him to overthrow him of power. The people succeeded with little armed resistance. The result was a constitutional monarch in Britain. It is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state but their powers are defined and limited by law. -
Salem Witch Trials
Fear was rampant because they were many people in town accused of witchcraft. It started with a minister's daughter who started acting strange. The trials resulted in executions of twenty people. Most of them were by hanging because it was illegal to be a witch. -
Act of Union
This is an agreement between England and Scotland. They come together and become the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The parliament is head of the Empire but colonies still had local control. The Act of Union created a federal system with central authority and local governments, it paved the way for modern U.S. system of government. -
Triangular Trade
In the 18th century, a change in colonial America was the expansion of commerce. The triangular trade is between America, Europe, and Africa. The three continents would import and export to each other. They would trade things like sugar, manufactured goods, rum, and slaves. The slaves would come from Africa to America. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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Virtual Representation
The Colonies were still apart of the British Empire. However they did not have representation in Parliament. The Colonies weren't the only ones who were ignored; there were also some English cities who weren't represented. The members of Parliament were supposed to represent all areas of Britain. It resulted in salutary neglect which was an unofficial policy of the British government that allowed its North American colonies to be left on their own with little British interference. -
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment is a time period between 1650 - 1800. Enlightenment spreads through education, science, politics, and art. People begin to use reason and science since using science and not superstition became normal thinking. The government and church will try to suppress the ideas spread from Enlightenment. People also began to question pre-conceived notions like the bible. The Enlightenment produced books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening is the reaction to secularism of the Enlightenment. Its a time period between 1730 - 1770. It was a religious revival that spread across the colonies. -
Slavery
Slave trade was led by Spain, Holland, and Portugal in the 1600s but by 1700s century Britain was the largest trading nation. In the colonies slavery replaced indentured servants. They came to the colonies through the Middle Passage. Less than 10% of the slaves came directly to America, they would be first conditioned to be a slave. More than 10% of slaves died on the voyage. By the 1800s the demand for slavery increased exponentially. -
Colonial Economies
The New England markets were based on fishing, ship building, trading, -
The French & Indian War
The Seven Year War or the French and Indian War was one of the first World Wars. This war would last 7 year against the British and the French and be fought in America, Europe, India etc. The big reason why the war was fought was because of trade. The British wanted to gain land in America to create more trade while the French were afraid of the British taking over their sugar cane trade in the Caribbean. The British would win and take over most of North America. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Acts of Parliament
There were 6 acts including Sugar Acts, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Act,Coercive Acts, and Prohibitory Act. Colonist will resist. There were challenge through petition. The soldiers used to search private property without warrants. The Sugar Act was required on all paper. Britian had similar tax like lawyers and printers most affected. -
Boston Massacre
On March 5, 1770, a group of British soldiers came to Boston to protect a sentry who was being harassed by a crowd of Colonials throwing snowballs with rocks inside. The soldiers would open fire under the command of Capt. Thomas Preston and kill 5 people, one of them being an African man name Crispus Attucks. The Captain and his 8 men would be arrested for manslaughter, but would be acquitted later. The Boston Massacre would be remembered as a key event for the fight to Independence. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a protest by colonists in Boston against the Tea Tax that had been put by the British government. The colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians, then raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped containers of tea into the harbor. As a result the British were furious with the actions of the colonists and imposed the "Intolerable Acts" as a form of punishment. -
War in the North
The colonists prove their not going to be an easy fight. The British change their tactics and prepare for a long fight. The battle of Saratoga was a major American victory in the North. After being unsuccessful in the North, Britain will switch their attention to the South. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was signed and adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The paper was signed for many reasons such as finding allies for the Revolutionary War, but the main reason was to gain political independence from Britain. Throughout the 1760s and 1770s, Britain would set taxes and frontier policies on the colonies which restricted them in many ways and made them really angry to the point of wanting independence by signing the Declaration of Independence. -
Patriots vs. Loyalists
The estimates of the colonial population were about 40% were patriots, 40% were neutral, and 10% were loyalists. Loyalists were isolated and many had a seizure of property. Loyalists would flee from the colonies as they were loyal to Britain. -
War in the South
They are more loyalists in the South and also the South is more valuable with crops. The British had many victories but they could not gain control. The Americans had a new battle strategy which was called Guerilla Warfare, this is hiding from the enemies and attacking in surprise. In the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, the American and French armies will combine causing the British to surrender. -
Treaty of Paris
The French and Indian War was over in 1763. The Treaty of Paris is known as a peace agreement. The treaty was signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain. British took east the Mississippi River and part of Canada from France. The Spanish were also forced to give up their to Florida -
Problems with the British
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Period: to
The Constitution
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Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. -
American Virtue
Celebrated ideals of Republicanism. Involved everyday citizen. State Constitutions. Education citizen. Childhood education. teaching citizens. Unique styles and furniture and architecture. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was passed on July 13, 1787 and created the Northwest Territory. The Ordinance was the first organized territory of the United States from the Appalachian Mountains, British North America, and the Great Lakes to the North and the Ohio River to the South. The Ordinance would be the response for the multiple request of westward expansion by the American Settlers. The westward expansion would also cause tense relationships with Great Britain, Spain, and the Native Americans. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices. -
Constitutional Convention(Two Plans and Issues)
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Constitutional Convention(The Great Debate and Three Branches)
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Election of 1788
The Election of 1788 was the first ever Presidential Election and included George Washington and John Adams. The Election would also be under the new United States Constitution with the winner being George Washington and the second place being John Adams. The election would also allow John Adams to be the Vice President and George Washington to have two terms as president. -
Two competing forms of government
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were both Founding Father. Thomas Jefferson was a Democrat-Republicans. Alexander Hamilton was a Federalists. Democrat-Republicans were nation of farmers. Federalists were catered to rich and wanted strong central government. -
Period: to
The New Republic
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Bank of the United States
The Bank of America was proposed by Alexander Hamilton and was established in 1791 and was a repository for federal funds and as the government's fiscal agent. The bank would be very successful but many would say that it was constraining economic development in American, and its charter was not renewed in 1811. Then came the Second Bank of America which was formed five years later and brought controversy despite the U.S Supreme Court's support of it's power. -
International Conflicts
Jays Treaty, Pickneys treaty, Barbary Pirates -
Election of 1796
Washington does not seek 3rd term. John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson which is basically Republican vs Federalist. John Adams will win and Jefferson will be VP. There were no running mates. The VP goes to 2nd place. -
Kentucky Resolutions
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were political statements created in 1789, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional acts of Congress that were not authorized for the Constitution. They also argued for state's rights and strict constitutionism of the constitution. -
Election of 1800
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Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Louisiana Purchase
The United States bought 828,000 square miles of land from France in 1803. Under Napoleon Bonaparte, France revived the aspirations to build an empire in North America. However, those big plans were not meant to be because Napoleon needed to concentrate on preparations for war with the British Empire and so the land was sold to the United States. The price was 15 million dollars. -
Embargo Act
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War of 1812
The United States declared war against Great Britain due to three main issues the economic blockade,the induction of Americans into the Royal Navy against their will and the British support of hostile Indian tribes. The embargo act was one of the main causes of the war. After the war the Treaty of Ghent was signed -
Period: to
American Industrial Revolution
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Adam-Onis Treaty
The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain. -
Panic of 1819
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Temperance Movement
reform effort required ppl to not drink, to use self-discipline. -
Labor Changes
Mass production was furthered with the creation of more efficient inventions and tools that opened up more factory jobs. A lot of factories were being built in the north. -
Changes in Communication
The telegraph which was invented by Samuel Morse changed the way people communicate. With the telegraph messages could be sent quicker with the morse code system. The morse code system is a method of transmitting text with on and off tones, lights, or clicks. Printing was also a new method of getting information. With printing you can spread ideas and news quicker. -
Second Great Awakening
The war of 1812 caused the second great awakening. In the 1800s, horace mann of massachusetts led the common movement, which advocated the local property financing public schools. Grades began to be assigned and instruction as well. The prisoners were isolated in Sing Sing New York. They were housed at night and worked during the day. -
Suffrage
The women's suffrage movement was struggle for the right of women to vote and run for office and is part of the overall women's rights movement. -
Changes in Agriculture
Jethro Wood was the inventor of a cast iron plow with replaceable parts, the first commercially successful iron plow. His invention accelerated the development of American agriculture -
Monroe Doctrine
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Age of Jackson
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John C. Calhoun
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Anti Slavery
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Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Zach Taylor
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Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Architecture
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California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Compromise of 1850
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Republic Party
Republic party was founded in the North in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers. The main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The republican party is the opposition group to the Democrats. -
Missouri Compromise
In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. This was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska act in 1854 -
Election of 1860
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Confederate States of America
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The Civil War
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Period: to
Reconstruction
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Black Codes
Black Codes were laws created to restrict the rights of freed blacks and guarantee labor from them. It was considered unofficial slavery and would limit civil rights and their economic opportunities. One of the laws outlawed interracial marriage while another outlawed them the right to serve on juries. Many blacks were required by the state to sign yearly labor contracts or they risked being arrested, fined, or forced into unpaid labor. -
The Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan is an American organization that primarily promotes hatred to all races that are not White and to non-protestant religions. After the civil war they resisted the freedom and equal rights of Blacks, mostly popular in southern states. Though Congress passed legislation designed to avoid Klan terrorism, the organization saw its primary goal to achieve and through Democratic victories in the South. -
Compromise of 1877
The Compromise of 1877 was created to fix the issue with the recent election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden. Hayes ended up in the lead of the election with an extra 20 electoral votes. The Democratic Party was outraged and accused that the Republicans were cheating. This compromise would end the Reconstruction Era.
