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Period: 1400 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
Beginnings to Exploration was an era when things were starting to begin and simply develop. -
500 BCE
Maya
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples and noted for its hieroglyphic script which was the only known fully developed writing system. They were known for their art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system. They farmed using slash and burn technique, built pyramids and created the idea of the number 0. They had a very large population but they were able to become civilized and advanced in many things. -
400 BCE
Olmecs
The Olmecs were the first significant civilization to develop in Mesoamerica. They were considered the mother culture of all mesoamerican civilizations due to their beliefs and traditions, art, and architecture which they were all good at. Their time period was 1200-400 BCE. They were prehistoric people that inhabited the coast of Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico. They had resources like rubber, salt and cacao also fished, hunted and had crops like cocoa beans and corn. -
1095
The Crusades
The crusades were a military campaign launched by Christian Europeans to win back the Holy Land occupied by the Muslims. It was during the time period of 1095 – 1291. The crusades were basically a war between European Christians and Muslims (Turks) over control of holy land. They had a total of 3 crusades all at different times and the effect of the crusades was that the kings got more power, trade connections and spread of Christianity. -
1347
The Black Death
The black death or Bubonic Plague was around in Europe in the late 1340s. It was a deadly plague that came to Europe due to trading and the rats traveling in these cargo ships. It came from Eastern and Central Asia and lasted around 4 years, 1347-1351. Flies would usually carry these rats diseases. First the ships would dock and unload, the rats would jump off and enter the city from there the flies would leave the rats and land on humans, biting them and infecting them. -
1428
Aztecs
The Aztecs began around the 1400's. Tenoochititlan is their capital and it is located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Population in their capital was about 250,000. They had an epidemic that killed a huge percentage of their population known as smallpox which was brought by the Spaniards. They had sacrifices and did this to thousands of people a year, they also believed in many gods. It was hard to move around in their capital city due to it being in a swampy island which lacked a good farmland. -
1492
The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange was the interchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Old World (Europe) and the Americas.Explorers as they traveled usually spread and collected new plants, animals, and ideas around the globe as they traveled. It happened around the year of 1492 following Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean. This affected many people's lives by circulating a wide variety of new crops and diseases depopulating many cultures. Overall increased the human population. -
1500
Igloos
Igloos were dome-shaped Eskimo house, typically built from blocks of solid snow. Eskimo tribes like the Inuit used these back then in the northern Artic areas. Igloos were normally built from compressed snow, which is made into blocks and then stacked around a hole. These walls block the wind, they work as insulators to trap body heat inside the igloo and the sun can also make it feel like its melting inside. The more people inside the warmer it gets which is what these group of eskimos want. -
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English Colonial Societies
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John Smith
John Smith was English soldier, sailor, and author . He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between 1607 and 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. -
Mayflower Compact
This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule. It was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony and written by "Pilgrims". -
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Colonial America To 1763
This time era was a time of very simplistic things, few luxury goods and expansion of commerce. Evolution will begin. -
Nathaniel Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon was born on January 2, 1647 and died October 1676 in Virginia. He was a Virginia planter and leader of Bacon's rebellion in 1676, the first popular revolt in England's North American colonies. The immediate cause of the rebellion was Governor William Berkeley's refusal to retaliate for a series of Native American attacks on frontier settlements. Many colonists wished to attack and claim American Indian frontier land westward, but they were denied permission by Berkeley. -
Quakers
The Quakers was a group arose in England in the mid-1600s. The name derived from when they supposedly quaked when under deep religious emotion; were originally known as the Religious Society of friends. Quakers were offensive to authorities both religious and civil; they refused to support the established church of england with taxes built simple meetinghouses without a paid clergy. They believed were all children in the sight of God. The believed in not swearing at all. -
The Enlightment
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was a philosophical movement that took place primarily in Europe and, later, in North America, during the late 17th and early 18th century.Enlightenment philosophy was influential in ushering in the French and American revolutions and constitutions. It was basically a time of a group of thinkers or philosophers which started spreading and going around. Many people then started thinking the same way as them during the time period. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688 when William of Orange and Mary his wife, were asked to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism, when Will came with his Army and James fled,it was called the Glorious Revolution. It changed colonies' businesses. It was basically when William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. The event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft or "the devils magic". Around 20 people were excuted. Eventually the colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those convicted. It started when 3 sick girls were said to be affected by witch craft and they blamed Tituba, Sarah Goode, and Sarah Osborne. They start accusing more and more people and eventually spread into lies. -
Act of Union 1707
The Act of Union 1707 was a year where many things got unified and brought together. This happened in the English Colonial Society time period. It was basically an act that unified England and Scotland; the Scots sought the benefits of trade within the English empire. Enemies were also brought together for profit and modern ideals. New Britain was now an empire and Parliament in the head of the empire which means that it ran everything. -
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade rising around the early 1700's was a 3-part merchant's route shaped like a triangle in which manufactured good were traded for slaves and other goods like sugar, coffee, chocolate. It is short for transatlantic slave trade that operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries. West Africa, American colonies, European colonial powers, British and New England were the ones involved. -
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a religious movement that swept through British America and Europe during the 1730s and 1740s. The awakening emphasized human decision in matters of religion and morality, respecting each individual's feelings and emotions, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism. George Whitefield being a big part of this movement was a puritan minister who used his emotional sermons to reach classes of colonists and preached in many places which people were a big fan of. -
George Washington's role in French and Indian War
The war was caused when George Washington was sent to stop French expansion and Fort Duquesne. He was a young officer in Virginia, defeated by the French and the Native Americans. After his unsuccessful times, he gains important military experience and also gains reputation of being a hero. His roles in this war were to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley and later his surrender of Fort Necessity was considered on of the first battles of war. He created a trained force+ got supplies. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade involved the transportation of enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas.It was like the triangular trade; a three way system of trade meaning that Africa sent slaves to America, America sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent guns to Africa. It was a new source of labor for Europeans and even increased in the late 1600s. Spain, Portugal and Holland led slave trade in 1600s and by the 1700s century, Britain was the largest slave trading nation. -
Treaty of Paris - 1763
The Treaty of Paris was negotiated in Paris, France. It was a letter that eventually ended the revolutionary war, restored loyalist properties, gave access to Mississippi river, recognized the United States as an independent nation,gave land to us, and established the northern border with British North America. John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens were there from the colonies to discuss the Treaty. It was not officially signed until 1783. -
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The Revolutionary War 1763 - 1783
The Revolutionary War was a revolutionary era. The war of independence where the British finally surrendered on October 19, 1781. Americans were officially independent of Britain and set to establishing their own government. It was a time period of many major acts, taxes, wars and rebellions. -
Militias
Militias are a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency. They responded very quick, protected against frontier raids, were primary defense and acted as a police force which they will later be used against the redcoats. The pros of having a militia was that they costed far less than professional standing forces, each town and country had its own on-site defense force and they often have superior knowledge of the town or area they are in. -
Revenue Act / Sugar Act
It was April 5, 1764, when Parliament passed a modified version of the sugar act. Colonial merchants were required to pay tax on the importation of foreign molasses. Parliament imposed new regulations and taxes on these colonists to pay for the debt they had after the French and Indian war. It also established a number of new duties like deterring molasses smugglers. This helped with the smugglers from west indies but minor violations from the colonists would lead to arrest and trials in court. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston massacre took place in March 6, 1770. It was a time of conflict in Boston when a crowd of Bostonians called British soldiers names and then later were harassed by them. Colonists would call these soldiers things like "lobsters" and "redcoats" causing the soldiers to become angry and start destroying their properties. Colonists became angry and started forming crowds where they would throw rocks at them, one from the crowd got shot. All because of the new taxes on these colonies. -
Boston Tea Party
On the night of December 16, 1733, colonials disguised as Indians boarded the ships and threw the tea overboard resulting in a loss of 340 chests. This took place because the colonists did not want to have to pay taxes on the British tea and they thought that the tea would put risk many bad things with colonists. The colonists were basically upset by the Tea Act, which then lead to the Intolerable acts in order to keep the colonists under control. -
Battle of Lexington
The Battle of Lexington happened on April 19, 1775. It happened in Lexington Massachusetts and Concord Massachusetts. The battle was between Great Britain and the US colonists (minutemen and British troops) It happened because the colonists wanted a self government, they wanted to be separated from Great Britain. During this battle, out of now where there was a shot fired and it was known as "the shot heard around the world". It was called that because nobody knew what side it came from. -
Common Sense, Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (February 9, 1737- June 8,1809) wrote Common Sense in January 1776, but was not published until February 14, 1776. The pamphlet was widely popular and cheap which really helped it get around to many people. His intentions were for the people to think about what was really happening at the time. It argued for independence, attacked monarchy, a democratic representative government, but mainly challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. -
The Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776 was the day when the Declaration of Independence went into effect. It is a document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of a new country, the USA. It was written by Thomas Jefferson in Philadelphia requested by John Adams. The reason they wrote the Declaration of Independence was because they were exhausted of Britain, wanted their own independence, their own human rights, and by stating these principles, Jefferson hoped to gain support for the Revolution. -
Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation, 1777–1781. The Articles of Confederation served as the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. This document was the nations first constitution, adopted by the second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage -
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The Constitution
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The Battle of Yorktown
The Battle Of Yorktown took place in Yorktown, Virginia, September 28, 1781. It was a war of the continental army led by general George Washington against the British Army, led by Charles Cornwallis. General George Washington had won against the British Army. This war was important in history because the British realized that the war was just to costly to continue and this war was the last recognized large conflict in the Revolutionary war era and ended it. This war ended in October 19, 1781. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against tax collections and judgments for debt. Shays Rebellion started when the government of Massachusetts decided to raise taxes instead of issuing paper money to pay off it's debts. The taxes fell most heavily on farmers, particularly poor farmers in the western part of the state. As the recession grew worse, many found it impossible to pay their taxes as well as their mortgages and debts. -
Anti- Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist Papers is the collective name given to works written by the Founding Fathers who were opposed to or concerned with the merits of the United States Constitution of 1787. These papers were basically arguments written and published during the years 1787 and 1788 against the constitution
They contained warnings of danger from the tyranny that weaknesses in the proposed constitution didn't adequately provide against. They were an important part of history. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. The Virginia Plan favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. In opposition, the small states proposed the New Jersey Plan. In the end, the two sides found common ground through the Connecticut Compromise. It was a plan that really changed history and will forever be a part of it. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey Plan (also known as the Small State Plan) was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787. It was Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as The Ordinance of 1787) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States (the Confederation Congress), passed July 13, 1787. Simply a Law that described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed. The bill had many democratic rights. As the territory grew in population it would gain rights to self-government -
Connecticut Plan
Connecticut Plan; an agreement that both large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the legislature as proposed by Sherman, along with proportional representation of the states in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. Each state had two representatives in the upper house. -
Election of 1788
The United States presidential election of 1788–89 was the first quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Monday, December 15, 1788, to Saturday, January 10, 1789. It was conducted under the new United States Constitution, which had been ratified earlier in 1788. In the election, George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president, and John Adams became the first vice president. George Washington was the main one in this election. -
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New Republic
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Bill of Rights
On September 25, 1789, Congress transmitted to the state Legislatures twelve proposed amendments to the Constitution. Numbers three through twelve were adopted by the states to become the United States (U.S.) Bill of Rights, effective December 15, 1791. James Madison proposed the U.S. Bill of Rights. These amendments were things people agreed upon on and are still to this day with us. They are amendments that will always be in our reach and many people use. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion concluded in Washington making new taxes to help pay off war debt, farmers who grew grain to make whiskey were angry because they couldn't afford it.The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) was a Revolt against the US government in Pennsylvania. It was provoked by a tax on whisky, and was the first serious challenge to federal authority. Collection of the tax met violent resistance, but when President Washington called out the militia, the rebellion then collapsed. -
Jay’s Treaty
On November 19, 1794 representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed Jay's Treaty, which sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence. Basically made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley -
Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's Treaty, also commonly known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It was a Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans. This treaty was an important diplomatic success for the United States. -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War. U.S. and French negotiators restored peace with the Convention of 1800. It was simply an incident in which french agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships. It led to an undeclared Naval War between the two countries. -
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The Age of Jefferson
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Election of 1800
In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President. Jefferson won the presidential election with 73 votes to Adams's 65, but the Republican vice presidential candidate Aaron Burr also received 73 votes, making the vote for the presidency a tie. In case of a tie, the Constitution directed that the election be decided by the House of Representatives. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was when the U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. The land back then was very cheap (3 cents an acre) and Jefferson took advantage of that. He wanted a nation of farmers because he thought that was the best for the nation. -
Lewis and Clark
Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis was secretary to Jefferson and will lead the expedition. Clark was an army officer and had experience with making maps so he was good at that. It lasted 2.5 years and 6 months back. When they came back they had brought many scientific discoveries with them and other data. -
Hamilton vs. Burr
Burr won the senator seat over hams father in law, ham helped tj in the election of 1800 over burr, ham campaigned against burr while burr was running for gov of new york. Burr challenged Hamilton and this lead to the duel and Hamilton getting shot above the right hip and died July 12, 1804. Hamilton missed his first shot on purpose so that when Burr shot, he would be tried for treason and eventually get in the way of the race. -
Sacagawea
Sacagawea was a Native American woman that helped Lewis and Clark. She was a translator that showed peaceful intentions. Sacagawea was remembered for leading Lewis and Clark on their expedition, and being a quick thinker, rescuing medical supplies after the boat that was carrying them tipped over in the water.
She was an amazing women who was very brave and had a big impact on the expedition of Lewis and Clark because without her this expedition might have been a failure. -
Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United States Congress on December 22, 1807. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. It deprived Britain and France of American good and was very unpopular in seaports. The U.S. was not prepared to fight in a war, so Pres. Jefferson hoped to weaken Britain and France by stopping trade. The Embargo Act ended up hurting our economy more than theirs causing New England's industry to grow. It eventually led to the War of 1812. -
War of 1812
War Of 1812 summary: The War of 1812 was an armed conflict between the United States and the British Empire. The British restricted the American trade since they feared it was harmful for their war with France and they also wanted to set up an Indian state in the Midwest in order to maintain their influence in the region. That’s why 10,000 Native Americans fought on the side of the British in this war. Since Canada was a British colony back then, Canadians were also British allies. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
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Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was articled in president James Monroe's seventh annual message to congress on December 2 1823. The policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823 was that the US opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the West. The Monroe had strong support in the United States in part because it has promoted US interests. It was caused by the US and Britain being concerned over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas. -
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Age Of Jackson
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Election of 1824
In the election of 1824, no one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain.", John Quincy Adams won after Henry Clay gave his support to Adams, securing his Presidency. Adams then appointed Clay as his secretary of state. -
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams was an American statesman who served as a diplomat, United States Senator, member of the House of Representatives, and the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He was the son of President John Adams. He helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State and lost his re-election to Andrew Jackson. He was viewed as one of the greatest diplomats in American history, a man of his word and around his time was very well respected for his achievements. -
Spoils Systems
The spoils system was a method of appointing officials to the government of the United States of America based on political connections rather than on impersonal measures of merit. The name was derived from the phrase "to the victor go the spoils". It was good for the supporters of these political candidates so basically the practice of winning`candidates giving government jobs to political backers or supporters. If you were a supporter then the one you support would like and appreciate you. -
Andrew Jackson
The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. He was known as the "Old Hickory". He was a democrat from Tennessee and was in dozens of duels. And he was a very important figure in history and appears on the 20 dollar bill. -
Death of Jackson's wife
President Jackson's wife Rachel Donelson, of over four decades, died on December 22, 1828. The cause of her death was an apparent heart-attack. Jackson believes it was the fault of others throwing rude comments during the presidential race. He blamed his political enemies for her death and it had a big impact on him. She was said to be with 2 guys because she did not get a divorce from the other one. He cared so much for her and he did not feel the same for a very long time. -
First Police Forces
In 1829, English Parliament mandated a publicly funded police force throughout England. They became known as the "bobbies." The London police force was created in 1829 by an act introduced in Parliament by the home secretary, Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel was known as the father of modern policing. He wanted an organized police force service in London so he created it. His passion for political reform and innovation eventually led him to become the British Prime Minister. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner was a 30 year old slave and preacher. In 1831, Slaves wanted freedom and Nat Turner saw a "vision" and attacked whites in Southampton County, VA.Turner, had 70 slaves that were with him & 55 whites were killed. Turner was caught and he was executed. Hundreds of slaves were punished and it frightened the South. It also Tightened slave codes, restricted freedom for all blacks in South, and South began to aggressively defend slavery as "positive good". -
Railroads
Goods are being able to be transported much faster, there was fuel in the economy, unemployed people were given more opportunities for jobs, since its one of the first big corporation it made larger profit and gave others ideas of corporations. There was an advance in transportation and did many good things to people. Over all it was the US's industrial boom, making the railroad system made it possible to transport goods across long distances in a relatively quick amount of time. -
Davy Crockett
United States frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo, example of "common man," partially literate (could only write his name). He was a symbol of the Jacksonian democracy. He was a soldier defending the Alamo and died in the Alamo in 1836. He was taken prisoner and then executed by Santa Anna, in front of all of his men. He was a great fighter that will never be remembered and is well known especially in San Antonio. -
Panic of 1873
When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. -
Iron Plow
John Deere invented the Iron plow in 1837 when the Middle-West was being settled. It caused farming in the mid-west to become easier as it broke up the tough ground for crops and made plowing faster. It made the soil richer. It greatly changed the West, it now had a major export item of grains and livestock, very fast at clearing land and then at cultivating the stock. It was strong enough to cut through the tough prairie soil of the Midwest. -
Duels
Dueling was a a prearranged combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons according to a procedure, especially to settle a private quarrel. Dueling Outlawed in DC. On Feb. 20, 1839, Congress passed legislation barring the practice of dueling in the District of Columbia. One of the most well known duels was that of Hamilton's and Burr's. The only thing that could stop a duel was a serious wound, which is what happened to Hamilton. -
Lowell Mills
Francis Cabot Lowell invented the first factory system "where people and machines were all under one roof." A series of mills and factories were built along the Merrimack River by the Boston Manufacturing Company, an organization founded in years prior by the man for whom the resulting city was named. The Lowell Mills were Mills that employed women to work. They offered supervision for the women at all times and lodging so they could stay near their work. Located in Lowell, MA. -
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West-Ward Expansion
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Election of 1840
The Election of 1840 was considered the first real campaign. Both Whigs and Democrats encouraged mudslinging, or the use of insults to attack an opponents' reputation. They used name-calling, half-truths, and lies to win votes. The United States presidential election of 1840 saw President Martin Van Buren fight for re-election against an economic depression and a Whig Party unified for the first time behind war hero William Henry Harrison. The Whigs easily defeated Van Buren. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance movement is a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements typically criticize alcohol intoxication, promote complete abstinence (teetotalism), or use its political influence to press the government to enact alcohol laws to regulate the availability of alcohol or even its complete prohibition. Reform movement begun in the 1800's that fought to ban alcohol in the U.S. This movement led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920. -
Second Great Awakening
Arising in the 1800s, it was one of the most significant occurrences in the history of American religion. Countless people were converted and many churches were changed and revived. Not only affecting religion, the movement influenced many other aspects such as prison reform, the women's rights movement, abolishment of slavery, advancements in literature, and reform in education. Women's roles in the church were greatly affected and they deeply encouraged the religious revival. -
American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)
American Anti-Slavery Society: (1833–70),wanted immediate abolition of slavery in the United States. William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan were the founders. Divided between abolitionists who favored immediate emancipation and those who supported gradual emancipation and limited role for women. They wanted the African Americans to be free and have racial equality also, wanted to stop the use of slavery and the abuse of slaves living in the United States (mostly the South). -
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Cultural Changes
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Charles Grandison Finney
Charles Grandison Finney was Known as the "father of modern revivalism,". He was a pioneer of cooperation among Protestant denominations. He believed that conversions were human creations instead of the divine works of God, and that people's destinies were in their own hands. His "Social Gospel" offered salvation to all. He was very well known and looked up on by other followers he had. He was born August 29,1792 and he then died August 16, 1875 -
Telegraph
Samuel Morse developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. He invented the telegraph which allowed faster communication over longer distances. He also developed Morse code The telegraph during these times really was a creation that showed that the nation was advancing and changing in this Industrial Revolutionary era. -
Election of 1844
An American presidential election in 1844 where James K. Polk defeated Whig candidate Henry Clay with 170 electoral votes to Clay's 105. Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY, because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state) -
Manifest Destiny
The belief that the U.S. should own all territory between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, that it was God's plan to that the U.S. should extend all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Many Americans felt that the United States should expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. We did not care who owned the land before us; whether it was the Native Americans or the Mexicans/Spanish. The United States thought that Manifest Destiny meant that they had the God-given right to take the land. -
Frederick Douglas
Frederick Douglass was born February 1818 – February 20, 1895 was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his antislavery writings. He was described by abolitionists as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens. -
Palo Alto
The Battle of Palo Alto was the first major engagement of the Mexican American war. In 1846 tensions between the U.S. and Mexico rose over a border dispute, as situation worsened, troops from both sides sent to area. Taylor allowed the Mexicans to depart and waited for reinforcements, despite his awareness that they were still a threat. Once the reinforcements arrived, he moved out, encountering Arista at Resaca de la Palma, winning another victory in the Mexican-American war. -
New York Female Reform Society
It was a movement aimed at public morals, but narrowed to a campaign to eliminate sexual sin and prostitution. Grew all over America. Moral reform became a prominent issue in America during the 1830s and 1840s and many organizations were created during this time to eliminate prostitution and the sexual double standard, and to also encourage sexual abstinence. While some organizations tried to attend to many reform issues, there was still many things going on that they could not help fix. -
Edgar Allen Poe
Edgar Allan Poe in Antebellum Period. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was a tortured literary genius and borderline alcoholic who mastered the genre of the Gothic horror story. He was a big part of Transcendentalism and really was well liked by many people. He made many stories and was well known during this time and even to this day. He was from Boston and had a hard time growing up. Had talent in art and writing which he showcased at the University Of Virginia. He is someone that wont be forgotten -
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Sectionalism
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California Gold Rush
In 1848 gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. These early gold-seekers, called "forty-niners," traveled to California, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. San Francisco grew from a small settlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Basically he Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the U.S.-Mexican War. Signed on 2 February 1848, it is the oldest treaty still in force between the United States and Mexico. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Convention took place in Seneca Falls, New York on July 19th and 20th 1848. 300 Women and 40 men went to the second day to discuss the rights of women. They wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. The significance was the declaration of sentiments which was mod led on the declaration of independence arguing all humans were created equal. This was a big moment in history that has led for women and men be equal. -
Election of 1848
The United States presidential election of 1848 was the 16th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1848. It was won by Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party, who ran against Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party and former President Martin Van Buren of the newly formed Free Soil Party.Candidates: Zachary Taylor-winner, honest, ignorant he was a whig and owned many slaves. Martin Van Buren made slavery an issue. Lewis Cass-father of popular sovereignty (Democrat). -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman was one of the most famous abolitionists who helped the Underground Railroad (a "conductor"). She was a Union spy and nurse during the Civil War. She was known as the "Moses of Her People." After she escaped from slavery, she made at least 19 trips on the underground railroad to help others escape. She rescued over 300 slaves using the network established by the Underground Railroad between 1850 and 1860. She was a person that will never be forgotten in US history. -
Compromise of 1850
In the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. Furthermore, California entered the Union as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah. It simply called for the admission of California as a free state; the strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Law; popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico concerning the question of slavery; the abolition of the slave trade in D.C. and the federal assumption of Texas's debt. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Uncle Tom's Cabin is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War", according to Will Kaufman. ... In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called "the most popular novel of our day." It is a book that was about the fugitive slave laws and intensified the feelings of the abolitionist in the North. Around 300,000 copies were sold in the first year. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. Simply a divide in the territory into the Nebraska Territory and the Kansas Territory, to gain support of the South, he decided slavery could be decided by popular sovereignty -
Our American Cousin
Our American Cousin. ... Our American Cousin is a three-act play by English playwright Tom Taylor. The play is a farce whose plot is based on the introduction of an awkward, boorish, but honest American, Asa Trenchard, to his aristocratic English relatives when he goes to England to claim the family estate. This was the last play Abe Lincoln saw before getting killed by John Wilkes Booth. The play was a comedy going on in Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC. -
Election of 1860
United States presidential election of 1860 was the American presidential election held on Nov. 6, 1860, in which Republican Abraham Lincoln defeated Southern Democrat John C. Breckenridge, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. Impact of the election- By 11 southern states seceded from the union, 4 slave states stayed with the union and were called border states, on April 12, 1861 the confederates fired the 1st shots of the civil war at fort sumter. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a secret network organized by people who helped men, women, and children escape from slavery to freedom. It operated before the Civil War (1861-1865) ended slavery in the United States. It was not an actual railroad. It was a network of houses and buildings that were used to help slaves escape from the South to freedom in the Northern states or Canada. One of the main people in this event was Harriet Tubman who was a slave her self and helped many others escape. -
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The Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
The emancipation proclamation declared all slaves in confederate territory free. This did not free many slaves because they land was under confederate control so the union had trouble freeing them. The plantations were usually located far away from the union. This law also said that that northern slaves were not free. Lincoln didn't want to free all salves because he thought he didn't have the constitutional power to do so. This weakened the south and made the civil war into a war of liberation. -
Ford's Theater
Ford's Theatre was the location of Lincoln's assignation. He was shot in the head during a performance by a well known actor, John Wilkes Booth. It was built in the year of 1863 during the civil war era. It held the play "OUR AMERICAN COUSIN" and the capacity was 1700 with more chairs on main floor could swell to 2300/2400. Johns Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Major Rathbone, Miss Clara Harris in President's box, they were all present in the theater. -
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Reconstruction
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Battle of Vicksburg
From the spring of 1862 until July 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-65), Union forces waged a campaign to take the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi, which lay on the east bank of the Mississippi River, halfway between Memphis to the north and New Orleans to the south.The capture of Vicksburg divided the Confederacy and proved the military genius of Union General Ulysses S. Grant (1822-85). This was a battle that will always be a part of US history. -
Lincoln's 10% Plan
The ten percent plan was a United States presidential proclamation issued on December 8, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War. A plan proposed by president Lincoln. promised full pardons and the restoration of civil rights to all who swore loyalty to the union. when number of loyal whites in any former confederate states reached 10 percent of voting pop they could organize a state constitution and set up new government. It was a famous time in reconstruction history. -
Election of 1864
In the election of 1864, there is Lincoln vs. McClellan. Lincoln wants to unite North and South, McClellan wants war to end if he's elected, citizens of North are sick of war so many vote for McClellan, but Lincoln wins. This happened in the month of November 8,1864 and was around the civil war era. This era was mostly about Abraham Lincoln and his death. He was one of the greatest presidents to ever be in office. -
Freedman's Bureau
The U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, popularly known as the Freedmen's Bureau, was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War (1861-65). It was An agency created by the government that helped and protected newly freed African Americans find jobs, homes, education, and a better life. It was a government social policy where equal treatment would be there. This was a big moment in US history. -
John Wilkes Booth
John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American actor and assassin, who murdered President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865. Booth was a member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland and, by the 1860s, was a well-known actor. He was a Confederate sympathizer vehement in his denunciation of the Lincoln Administration and outraged by the South's defeat in the American Civil War. -
Abraham Lincoln Assisination
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. At 10:15, Booth slipped into the box and fired his .44-caliber single-shot derringer pistol into the back of Lincoln’s head. Booth leapt onto the stage and shouted, “Sic semper tyrannis!” (“Thus ever to tyrants!”–the Virginia state motto). -
KKK
The KKK was a group started by 6 civil war officers, the purpose of the group was to kill and intimidate blacks. The direst in white sheets so they would look like the ghosts of dead confederate soldiers. Started around 1864/1865 (after the American Civil War). It was established in the south and there aim was to terrorize black people newly freed from slavery. The KKK to this day is still around and still revolves around the same goal. They are a big part of the history of slavery. -
Election of 1866
Although not a presidential election, the off-year congressional election of 1866 was in fact a referendum election for President Andrew Johnson. By the summer of 1866, Johnson had lost support within the Republican Party for his Reconstruction policies. The elections were a decisive event in the early Reconstruction era, in which President Andrew Johnson faced off against the Radical Republicans in a bitter dispute over whether Reconstruction should be easy or harsh toward the South. -
Election of 1868
The United States presidential election of 1868 was the 21st quadrennial presidential election. It was the first presidential election to take place after the American Civil War, during the period referred to as Reconstruction. The Republicans nominated General Grant for the presidency in 1868. The Republican Party supported the continuation of the Reconstruction of the South, while Grant did not.The Democrats nominated Seymour. Grant won the election of 1868 thanks to votes of slaves. -
Election of 1876
The election of 1876 was between Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden of New York. The vote was 8-7 along party lines to award the disputed electoral college votes to Hayes, making him the winner. It was one of the most controversial elections in U.S. history. Neither candidate reached number of electoral votes to win. Electoral Commission created & chose Republican Hayes to be President. Republicans make a deal with the Democrats and ended Reconstruction. It is a big election. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. Simply the migration of African Americans in the south to go north or mid west in 1910-1960 all because of escaping discrimination, segregation, Jim Crow laws, the boll weevil, and MS flood. It was one of the biggest migrations in history and well known during these times due to slavery.
