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Period: Jan 1, 800 to
beginnings of exploration
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Dec 1, 800
North American native societies:Mayan caste system
Mayans lived under a strict caste system that put priests and kings on top of the caste giving them the most power. Mayans lived in small city states with no more than 5,000 to 50,000. lower class such as serfs and slaves were forced to live in that caste, due to lack of paying off debts. The Mayan caste system ended after Spaniards colonized in the 1400's. The closing of their society was meet with disease. -
Jan 1, 1095
crusades: indulgences
The crusades were Christians from Europe fighting Muslims for control of Jerusalem. those who were fighting in the war were given indulgences, indulgences gave those who've fought in the wars forgiveness for their sins. Indulgences soon ended after many realized that these were just a scam by the church in order to profit off the community that they preach over. The end of the indulgences created a greater influence from the past. -
Jan 1, 1346
black death:deaths
the black death was an epidemic that effected most of Europe killing almost 50 million. This disease killed almost two thirds of Europe in a matter of 7 years. medicine was not as advanced at this time so treatments did not help the disease. The treatments were more based on myth rather than scientific advance, making them noneffective to the individuals that carried the disease, allowing it to spread. -
Jan 1, 1480
western exploration: finding a direct route to Asia
Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama was the first European to sail around Africa and land in Asia during his journey from 1497 to 1499. sailors soon found out that the route was dangerous and used many supplies, creating the push for quicker and safer trade routes. The america's were documented finally after Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492, increasing the colonization of The Americas into the 1500's -
Jan 1, 1492
exploration:the year 1492
Columbus was a explorer who sailed to the new world looking for Asia and accidentally settled on North America. Nearing the end of his voyage many sailors on the ship did not support his cause due to the lack of inspiration. He was supported by the Spanish to travel and find a new route. Columbus takes 4 more voyages across the Atlantic ocean. He soon died except his whole life he thought that he founded India. -
Jan 1, 1500
Columbian exchange : food
the Columbian exchange traded many goods such as rice, coffee and lettuce from Europe and corn, tobacco and peppers from North America. many native foods have been added to European and the American diet. The columbian exchange came to be after the founding of the Americas, soon trade sprug up allowing to trade between Europe and the Americas creating the first transatlantic trade -
Aug 13, 1521
conquest of the new world: Aztecs
Hernán Cortés led the conquest against many native empires in the early 1500's. The Aztecs having many cites were soon taken over one by one. some cities having outbreaks of smallpox due to the interaction with the spanish. The ending of the Aztec Empire left Spanish colonization in central america creating a population boom after the Natives died off. The colonization was only due to the belief that there was a golden city -
Period: to
english colonial society
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new England colonies: plymouth colonies
settled in 1620, came to america for religious freedom led by pastor john Robinson. Soon after settling they became known as pilgrims, they created the mayflower compact due to the lack of local government. They mayflower compact remembered due to the focus of democracy and the need for a government. The Puritians soon assimilated to the north. They were traveling to the new world to find freedom. -
Massachusetts Bay colony: John Winthrop
first governor of Massachusetts bay colony, led first wave of immigrants to Massachusetts in 1630. colony struggled with disease first couple of months, 200 dead. poor and rich were considered equal because both groups were in the same community. John Winthrop elected governor 3 times. The idea of equality helped the social status of the people living there. -
caribbian colonies: sugar
sugar cane best grown near coast on flat land. Grown instead of tobacco and cotton. Sugar used to sweeten tea and cakes by the British. slaves were needed to grow this crop, the ratio of slaves to freemen increased. Barbados became the richest English colony in the west due to high exports. The growth of sugar appeared in the Caribbean colonies. -
proprietary colonies: New York
Charles II gave the colony as a proprietorship to his brother James, Duke of York. Charles II awarded William Penn the areas encompassing Pennsylvania and Delaware as a refuge for Britain's persecuted Quakers in repayment of a debt. The growth of the colony expanded trade except it used tobacco -
colonial differences by region: southern colonies
The south was able to farm their land relying on the growing of cash crops to grow the economy. Slaves were needed to support the large labor chain needed. The north focusing more on ship building and fishing. The north not using slaves created an opinion against them to abolish slavery. As cotton needs increased so did the need for slaves in the 1600's. This increase resulted in differences of opinions on slavery -
English bill of rights
King James II left his thrown and fled the country. He was succeeded by his daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange. Before William and Mary could be proclaimed king and queen they had to agree to accept the Bill of Rights, which they did in February, 1689.After the glorious revolution, an act of parliament put a restriction to the king and queens, enhances the democratic election and it had a huge influence on the American bill of rights. -
Salem witch trials:cause
After-effects of a British war with France in the American colonies in 1689, a recent smallpox epidemic, fears of attacks from neighboring Native American tribes and the help of older superstition pushed the thinking of witches in their community. These trials included the buring of whiches in communities that were based off of gossip rather than evidence. Soon after the trial, the public apologized for murdering innocent women and children -
triangular trade
trade occurring between England, Africa, and the Americas. Natural resources such as sugar, tobacco, rice and cotton that were found in the 13 colonies. Manufactured products from England and Europe such as guns, cloth, beads. Slaves from West Africa sent to colonial America -
slavery:middle passage
Africans were shipped to the new world in the transatlantic slave trade. Slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. Traders in colonial America or the Caribbean received enslaved Africans. The slaves soon worked in plantations in the Americans whether it be for farming or any other forced labor. -
Period: to
colonial america to 1763
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colonial economies: New England
the mountain region doesn't allow for farming due to rocky soil. economy based on shipbuilding and fishing for growth. Tobacco cash crop used in English colony in order to save it. trade used due to ports east of colonies. -
the enlightenment: sir issac newton
He constructed the first reflecting telescope in 1668, eradicated any doubts about the heliocentric model of the universe by establishing celestial mechanics, his precise methodology giving birth to what is known as the scientific method -
the great awakening:John Edwards
John Edwards was am american revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist. He was bo Grounded his life's work on conceptions of beauty, harmony, and ethical fittings, and how central The Enlightenment was to his mindset. He was a preacher based in Enfield Connecticut. More then 10 percent of new England population converted to Christianity afterwards. -
colonial economies
The north was more focused on shipbuilding and farming of tobacco while the south was dependent on cotton to grow their economy. Soon the south was growing and also there was a need for more slaves. The difference split in this time period as the North soon began to dislike slavery as the South became dependent on it to grow their economy. -
virtual representation: autonomous government
Second Continental Congress asked for representation in Parliament in the Suffolk Resolves, also known as the first Olive Branch Petition. Parliament claimed that their members had the well being of the colonists in mind. This showed the neglection of representation between the colonists and the weakening connection between Britain and the New England colonies. The colonists soon formed governments of themselves. -
Period: to
the american revolution
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seven year war: treaty of paris 1763
Ended the 7 year war, moved French out of American territory allowing no foreign military. Great Britain's victory over France forced taxes on the colonist who took no part in the war and they had no voice in parliament, leading to the revolution. French gave up its territories inland of North America. This war costed both sides, creating economic stress on the colonies of North America. The taxes enforced after the war led to another. -
Boston massacre
5 american colonist were killed during the Boston massacre due to the tensions that grew between the colonists and the royal guard. Colonist were throwing snowballs filled with stones at the British to show their disapproval of them being there, as the colonist became violent, the royal guard became scared firing on the colonist leaving 5 dead. This "massacre" started propaganda against the British increasing the chances of becoming independent. -
Boston tea party
Tea Act in 1773 proposed a tax on tea importing from Britain, many did not like the tax due to the force of it applied. December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty boarded ships in the Boston harbor and threw 342 chests of tea overboard. This resulted in the passage of the punitive Coercive Acts in 1774 and pushed the two sides closer to war. The Laws created without representation in parliament forced the colonists to make a change. -
Dunmore's proclamation
Virginia's royal governor, John Murray, issued a proclamation that allowed slaves that fought against the colonist their freedom. Dunmore believed that the slaves would rise up Against their masters allowing them to be able to fight for the British. Slaves only did this for freedom, not payback, this proclamation didn't make a noticeable difference to change the revolutionary status. -
common sense
Thomas Paine wrote common sense in 1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Written on the side of radical democracy, Paine used anti-monarchy examples to help persuade his readers. In January 10, 1776, common sense was released to the public and 6 months later our fight for independence began -
declaration of independence
meeting in Pennsylvania July 4, 1776, to sign the declaration of Independence . This document would split the thirteen colonies from Britain, starting the revolutionary war against them. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the constitution, later revised by the second continental congress. July 2nd congress agreed to become independent but Independence day is July 4th due to the day it was signed -
Battles:Battle of New York City
Largest battle of the entire war, Washington aligned his forces to protect the New York port. William Howe brings in reinforcements of 32000. Washington places army along Manhattan yet he is flanked losing 20 percent of his troops. The remaining men retreated to Brooklyn heights. Soon Washington had to lead his army out of New York losing the battle. He retreats to New Jersey and later Pennsylvania. -
articles of confederation
first written constitution of the United States. ratified on March 1, 1781. Congress serving as the last resort on appeal of disputes. Congress was also given the authority to make treaties and alliances, maintain armed forces and create money central government lacked the ability to make taxes soon this government fell due to the lack of Central power -
treaty of Paris 1783
After the battle of Yorktown, peace agreements were made between the British and the Colonist, ending the revolutionary war. The treaty of Paris is signed giving independence to America. Great Britain gives the United States all territory between the Allegheny Mountains on the east and the Mississippi River on the west, thereby doubling the size of the new nation. -
Massachusetts constitution
John Adams was the document's principal author. Voters approved the document on June 15, 1780. It became effective on October 25, 1780, and remains the oldest functioning written constitution in continuous effect in the world. It was also the first constitution anywhere to be created by a convention called for that purpose rather than by a legislative body. -
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The constitution
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election of 1796
As john Adams and Thomas Jefferson go up against each other in the election of 1796. Both were founding fathers and Thomas Jefferson was running for his second term in the presidential election . John Adams was vice president of George Washington during his first term. John Adams gained prominence during the controversy surrounding the Stamp Act John Adams became president in 1797 believing in lower taxes to the public. -
shay's rebellion
series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections farmers took up arms in states from New Hampshire to South Carolina, the rebellion was most serious in Massachusetts, where bad harvests, economic depression, and high taxes threatened farmers with the loss of their farms. The rebellion took its name from Daniel Shay of Massachusetts, a former captain in the Continental army. -
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The American industrial revolution
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constitutional convention
May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia,Convention was intended to change the AOC, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, wanted to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States. -
the great debate
two sides, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists wanted to ratify the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists did not. One the things was over the Bill of Rights. The Federalists felt that it wasn't necessary. The Anti- Federalists claimed the Constitution gave the central government too much power, giving less power to the people making an unbalanced government -
northwest ordinance
July 13, 1787, by the Second Continental Congress, chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. Bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery. -
steamboats
Fitch attempted to design his own version of a steam engine. He moved to Philadelphia and engaged the clockmaker and inventor Henry Voigt to help him build a working model and place it on a boat. Perseverance was made on the Delaware River on August 22, 1787, in the presence of delegates from the Constitutional Convention. It was propelled by a bank of oars on either side of the boat. -
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new republic
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election of 1788
George Washington was enormously popular, and his agreement to serve as the first President of the United States ensured that he was listed first when the electors cast their votes on the appointed day. John Adams received the most votes second. As the person who received the second largest number of votes overall, he was elected vice president -
bill of rights
the bill of rights was fought over during the constitutional convention giving more power to the people. Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power. Anti-federalist supported it while the federalist didn't due to the document giving more power to the people -
Bank of the united states
Alexander Hamilton suggested that the United States would benefit from the formation of a national bank along the lines of the Bank of England. He was convinced that the bank was both proper and constitutional, being allowed by the tenth amendment because it was a step closer to a more central government due to the fact that Alexander was a federalist -
cotton gin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 it increased the amount of cotton that could be produced over an amount of time. This increase also increased the "want" value for cotton. The labor force had to increase due to this invention creating the increase of slaves working on plantations. The greater population of slaves in the south was meet by the increasing hate for slavery in the North. -
whiskey rebellion
In 1791 a tax on whiskey and distileries was placed on farmers and many rebelled the tax. In 1794 thousands of farmers in western Pennsylvania took up arms in opposition to the enforcement of a federal law calling for the imposition of an excise tax on distilled spirits. A number of the whiskey rebels were prosecuted for treason in what were the first such legal proceedings in the United States. -
iron plow
Charles Newbold, born in Chesterfield, NJ, spent his teenage years investigating the use of cast iron to improve on the heavy iron-clad wooden plow then available. He was issued the first US patent for a plow on 26 Jun 1797. The plow was cast as one piece—the moldboard, share, and land-side all cast together—with wooden handles and beam added -
XYZ affair
President George Washington sent Pinckney as the U.S. minister to France in 1796, the government there refused to receive him. After John Adams sent 3 delegations to Paris later that same year in an effort to restore peace between the two countries. Foreign mister said to pay a hefty bribe and provide France with a large loan, among other conditions. They refused -
Kentucky resolutions
These resolutions were passed by the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 and were authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The resolutions argued that the federal government had no authority to exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution. -
election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams went head to heads in the election of 1800. Adams being more supportive of the central government and Jefferson a republican. Thomas Jefferson ended up winning this election. This election took place after the 12th amendment so there was a separate ballot for the vice president and Aaron Burr won. -
Jefferson administration
He set out to limit the size of government by reducing taxes and the national debt. He established a military academy, used the Navy to protect merchant ships from Barbary pirates in North Africa, and developed a plan to protect U.S. ports from foreign invasion by the use of small gunboats. He also authorized the Lewis and Clark expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest. -
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the age of Jefferson
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Hamilton vs. Burr
Vice President Aaron Burr fatally shoots his long-time political antagonist Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton shoots in the air not even aiming at Burr because he knew the consequences that would follow if he killed Burr. Hamilton, a leading Federalist and the chief architect of America’s political economy, died the following day. Aaron Burr becomes a fugitive for the rest of his life. -
Madison presidency
1809 to 1817, Madison is an advocate for a strong federal government, the Virginia-born Madison composed the first drafts of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights and earned the nickname “Father of the Constitution.” In 1792, Madison and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) founded the Democratic-Republican Party. -
war of 1812
June 18, 1812, the president signed a declaration of war against Britain. Though Congress ultimately voted for war, both House and Senate were bitterly divided on the issue. U.S. forces almost immediately attacked Canada, as retaliation British attacked the district of Columbia. -
Missouri crisis
In 1819, a financial panic swept across the United States. Unemployment mounted, banks failed, mortgages were foreclosed, and agricultural prices fell by half. The panic unleashed a storm of popular protests. Many debtors agitated for "stay laws" to delay repayment of debts and for the abolition of debtors' prisons. many Southerners blamed high tariffs for reducing the flow of international trade. -
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cultural changes
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slavery: abolitionists
Abolitionist ideas became increasingly prominent in Northern churches and politics beginning in the 1830s, which contributed to the regional animosity between North and South leading up to the Civil War. Abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination -
revivalism
evangelical revival movement in America. From 1821 onwards Charles Finney conducted revival meetings across many north-eastern states and won many converts. His revival meetings created anxiety in a penitent's mind that one could only save his or her soul by submission to the will of God, as illustrated by Finney's quotations from the Bible. -
Monroe doctrine
president James Monroe’s 1823 annual message to Congress contained the Monroe Doctrine, which warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. Cornerstone of American foreign policy,The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in The Americas beginning in 1823. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823. -
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age of Jackson
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temperance movement
American Revolution in Connecticut, Virginia and New York state, with farmers forming associations to ban whiskey distilling. The movement spread to eight states, advocating temperance rather than abstinence and taking positions on religious issues such as observance of the Sabbath. The American Temperance Society was formed in 1826. -
second party system
Rapidly rising levels of voter interest, beginning in 1828, as demonstrated by Election Day turnouts, rallies, partisan newspapers, and high degrees of personal loyalty to parties. the popular sovereignty expressed in popular demonstrations, constitutional conventions, and majority rule as a general principle of governing, whereas Whigs advocated the rule of law, written and unchanging constitutions. -
election of 1824
The election of 1824 came down between John Adams, Andrew Jackson and Henry clay. Henry clay dropped out of the election and Adams won. No candidate had received the majority electoral vote so it went to the house of representatives and they pushed to Adams side. Adams became president of the united states march 3rd, 1829 -
election of 1828
Adams vs Jackson in the 1928 election. There were many personal attacks to Jackson wife Rachel and Jackson blamed her death on the comments people made about her. Jackson goes towards a grassroots campaign newspaper adds etc. Jackson won the election of 1828 and became our 7th president. Jackson being a democrat used his common man thinking to establish a connection to his voters. -
the common man
Jackson was viewed upon as "equal" to his voters, right before his election, all legal men could vote no matter if they had property or not. Through his military experience he showed his common thinking with the people, he led a more democratic society. He promotes his democratic values winning the election of 1828 making him the 7th president -
Free black communities
Many communities were restricted to other social interaction and Virginia law, passed in the early 1830's, prohibited the teaching of all blacks to read or write. Free blacks throughout the South were banned from possessing firearms, or preaching the Bible. Free blacks could not testify in court and if a slave catcher thought it was them who had run away, they would have to go back with them. -
second great awakening
The revolution the largest denominations were Congregationalists , Anglicans, and Quakers. But by 1800, Evangelical Methodism and Baptists, were becoming the fasting-growing religions in the nation. Second great awakening pushed more for optimistic views and that they can change their situations. Greater public roles for women and African american women were more involved with Christianity. -
railroads
In 1830, the south Carolina canal and railroad company was used to make trade connections between the state.. It had a steam locomotive built at the West Point Foundry in New York City A year later, the Mohawk & Hudson railroad reduced a 40-mile canal trip to a 17-mile trip. Its first steam engine was named the DeWitt Clinton after the builder of the Erie Canal. -
Nat turners rebellion
Nat Turner learned how to read at a young age, then he was sold off to another master, by the third time he created a slave rebellion. Nat Turners slave rebellion took place after he thought god talked to him thorough the solar eclipse, he told his peers that they needed to take over so he killed his master and his family. Soon after he was caught August 23rd and was hanged later that month. -
trail of tears
Cherokee lands found gold in them, Indian removal act of 1830. The trail of tears killed many along the way to relocate the Indians westward. over 15000 died. The removal of the Indians created several lawsuits regarding conflicts with the state of Georgia. Some of these cases reached the Supreme Court, the most influential being Worcester v. Georgia. -
election of 1832
Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, easily win re-election against Henry Clay of Kentucky, candidate of the National Republican Party, and Anti-Masonic Party candidate William Wirt. Jackson won 219 of the 286 electoral votes cast. Virginia Governor John Floyd, who was not a candidate, received the electoral votes of South Carolina. -
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western expansion
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Battle of San Jacinto
Santa Anna wanted to retake Texas after it declared its independence making it the republic of Texas. Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna lost the battle and they did not want to recognize The Republic of Texas a independent nation. The battle lasted 18 minutes, one of the shortest battles in history. Three weeks later he signed the peace treaty making the Mexican army leave the territory. Sam Houston was recognized for pushing the Mexican army out of Texas. -
Battle of san Jacinto
Santa Anna split his forces in half to cover all of Texas but doing so created the chance for loss, Houston snuck up on Santa Anna and his troops while they were taking a nap, the battle lasted around 17 minutes before the Meixcan Army, including Santa Anna, surrendered. Three weeks later, the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which pushed the Mexican army back and also it recognized Texas as the " Republic of Texas" -
first police force
Boston was the first to establish a police force in 1838. They worked full time and there were no volunteers. The previous night watch was replaced by the police force. Urbanization created the need for control of the public. Later New York and Chicago took up police forces in order to keep peace through their urbanized streets -
election of 1840
The Panic of 1837 due to the major recession put Martin van Buren out of office and William Henry Harrison with the whigs party became the president. Harrison only was president for a month before he died of pneumonia. He won due to the backlash of the poor economy in Martin Van Buren's presidency -
election of 1844
James K Polk won the election, issues were over texas and expansion of America. Democrats opposed President Van Buren’s position on Texas. Van Buren did not receive the required 2/3 vote. As a result the convention seemed near a deadlock. Oregon, An territorial issue Between Britian. was the expansion part and the annexation of Texas. Whigs choose Henry Clay while democrats choose James K Polk. Northern whigs thought they were the liberty party. Whigs split there party into two -
manifest destiny
Doctrine, first expressed in 1845, that the expansion of white Americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God. James K. Polk pushed for the territorial expansion of America into California. Manifest destiny was achieved in the early half of the 19th century. The Mexican-American war gave the Americas California completing manifest destiny -
Mexican American war
American fort by the Rio Grande attacked killing a dozen men, Zachary Taylor had to call for reinforcements in order to repel back the Mexican Army. Multiple battles followed before the publication of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo Feb. 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. It established the Rio Grande and not the Nueces River as the U.S.-Mexican border and Mexico accepted the US annexation of Texas. -
wilmot proviso
Tensions were already high because of anti-slavery movements and free vs. slave state debates. Both political parties had attempted to limit the involvement of slavery in their national political discussions.
Soon, a bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico. It was never passed through both houses but it transformed the debate of slavery. -
California gold rush
1848 gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. San Francisco grew from a small settlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. A system of laws and a government were created, leading to the admission of California as a state in 1850 -
Mexican American war
War with Mexico which began in 1846 when the U.S. annexed Texas and Mexico challenged the Border. This created tension between the two countries. Battles were fought in Texas, and Mexico was invaded from the Atlantic Ocean by General Winfield Scott. Scott attacked Mexico City and Chapultepec. The war ended with the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The treaty gave Mexico's northern land to the US. -
Zachary Talor
Taylor was sent in April 1844 to Fort Jesup in Louisiana. He was ordered to guard against any attempts by Mexico to reclaim the territory. Taylor commanded American forces at the Battle of Palo Alto.Though greatly outnumbered, he defeated the Mexican force. Zachary Taylor became the 12th president due to his past military experience. Talor belonged to the whig party, He died 16 months into his election. -
sufferage
On July 19, 200 women convened at the Wesleyan Chapel, and Stanton read the “Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances,” Stanton’s declaration was modeled closely on the Declaration of Independence, and its preamble featured the proclamation, The Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances then detailed the injustices inflicted upon women in the United States and called upon U.S. women to organize and petition for their rights. -
election of 1848
won by Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party, who ran against Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party and former President Martin Van Buren of the newly formed Free Soil Party. Whigs nominated the hero of the war Zachary Taylor. He had 171 delegate votes that led him to victory. He was more commonly picked for his actions on the battlefield which led the Americans to victory and it lead to the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
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sectionalism
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compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850. 1st was allowing California to become a state, the second was deciding if new mexico was a slave state. The third was the ending of slave sales in DC. 4th, Texas would give up their claims to New Mexico for 10 million dollars. The 5th being the fugitive slave act, made all citizens to assist in returning slaves. -
Bleeding Kansas
Passed in 1854, allowed new states to VOTE to be free or slave, created the 2 new territories named in the Act, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. Some pro-slavery citizens would go into the voting ballots and corrupt them, later on violence was started between the two groups, abolitionist and pro slavery. -
Harper's Ferry
October 1859, the U.S. military arsenal at Harpers Ferry was the target of an assault by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown. John Brown was a radial abolitionist that believed that if he gave a push agaisnt slavery that the slaves would rebel and fight back. Brown’s raid helped make any further accommodation between North and South nearly impossible and thus became an important impetus of the Civil War. -
election of 1860
Lincoln won this election and he was on the republican side. He Knew that the country was splitting apart, north/south. He wanted to keep the country unified. He was the primary voice giving the American idea received from the founders its necessary re idealism. He focused on the equality of the nation not just between free people, but racial as well. -
confederate states of america
Right as Lincoln was elected into office, south Carolina split from the union and created the Confederate States of America. Soon after, many other southern colonies such as Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas. This was due to the polar views the north and south faced on the topic of slavery. The main reason Lincoln wanted the north and south to stick together was the damage it would due after such as weakening the economy. -
North
The north relied on factories for their economy during the civil war. They had a greater amount of railroads and industrialization in general. The North hated slavery and the population believed that it would just be a short victory between the south. Men in the north had uniforms and weapons given to them. The use of the telegraph allowed transportation of information quicker than in previous wars. -
south
The fertile soil and warm climate of the South made it ideal for large-scale farms and crops like tobacco and cotton. Because agriculture was so profitable few Southerners saw a need for industrial development. But as the war began many were running on the battlefield without a weapon. The only clear advantage the south had was their superior leadership by Robert E Lee. The civil war lasted longer than expected due to this. -
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civil war
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Neutral states
states that did not what do depart from the union or get involved in the war. They did not support either sides during the 4 year conflict. They ended up keeping their slaves except there were union troops still patrolling these states. Most of these border states, such as Kentucky, later in the war joined the union Against the confederacy. But Missouri switched sides multiple times. Only few of the border states owned slaves. -
Trent affiars
captain of the USS San Jacinto ordered the arrest of two Confederate envoys sailing to Europe aboard a British mail ship,British, who had not taken sides in the war, were outraged and claimed the seizure of a neutral ship by the U.S. Navy was a violation of international law. In the end, President Abraham Lincoln’s administration released the envoys and averted an armed conflict with Britain. -
emancipation proclamation
Lincoln was convinced that abolition had become a sound military strategy, as well as the morally correct path. After the victory of Antietam, Lincoln published the emancipation proclamation. Many slaves have already fled towards the south so this seemed the most reasonable solution. This changed the reason why to fight, instead of persevering the nation, they instead preserve human rights. -
Gettysburg Battle
Confederate General Robert E. Lee launched his second invasion of the Northern states. June 29th had reached the Susquehanna River opposite Harrisburg and at Wrightsville. The opposing forces collided at the crossroads town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the morning of July 1st. Lee attacked the Union center on Cemetery Ridge and was repulsed in what is now known as Pickett’s Charge. The union forces won their first major battle creating a significance. -
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reconstruction
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13th,14th,15th amendments
13th: abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865. The Fourteenth Amendment addresses many aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens.
The fifteenth amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". -
freedman's Bureau
established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. Freedmen’s Bureau was organized into districts covering the 11 former rebel states. Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. Also attempted to settle former slaves on Confederate lands confiscated or abandoned during the war. -
assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln was assassinated april 14th, 1865 by john Wilkes Booth. Lincoln was to attend Laura Keene’s acclaimed performance of “Our American Cousin” at Ford’s Theatre. Booth slipped into the box and fired his .44-caliber single-shot derringer pistol into the back of Lincoln’s head. lincoln pronouced dead the next morining april 15 1865. Booth thought that he could create the union to crash by killing Lincoln -
kkk
The first Klan flourished in the Southern United States in the late 1860s, then died out by the early 1870s. It sought to overthrow the Republican state governments in the South during the Reconstruction Era, especially by using violence against African American leaders. With numerous chapters across the South, it was suppressed around 1871, through federal law enforcement. -
creation of parks
Congress established Yellowstone National Park in the Territories of Montana and Wyoming. In the years following the establishment of Yellowstone, the United States authorized additional national parks and monuments. Public parks were made due to the conservation of nature was focused on in a rapid industrializing society. The territories crossed by railroads and cities usually had parks in the center of them to conserve "peace" through the changing times. -
panic of 1873
The decision of the German Empire to cease minting silver thaler coins in 1871 caused a drop in demand and downward pressure on the value of silver; this had a knock-on effect in the USA, where much of the supply was then mined. As a result, the United States Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1873, which changed the country's silver policy. Before the Act, the United States had backed its currency with both gold and silver, and it minted both types of coins. -
millennialism
Many Christian denominations believed that there was a golden age for a thousand years but after, they would come to final judgement. Joseph Rutherford, the founder of later day saints explained how there will be a second coming of Jesus and it will be "the time of the end". Many saw the dates such as 1974 the second coming so later day saints would spend hours praying to insure they make it into heaven. After several dates changing, the idea was thrown out -
life for whites reconstruction
white slave supporters did whatever they could to keep the poor whites segregated from slaves and tried to keep some sort of hatred between the two groups. They did so by paying the poor white people to oversee slave labor as well as segregating the Irish workers and the slave workers to avoid and alliance between the two. After the civil war the South, however, saw Reconstruction as a humiliating, even vengeful imposition and did not welcome it. -
Jim Crow
The Black Codes laid the foundation for the system of laws and customs supporting a system of white supremacy that would be known as Jim Crow. A racial apartheid that dominated the American South for three quarters of a century beginning in the 1890s. The laws affected almost every aspect of daily life, mandating segregation of schools, parks, libraries, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants.
