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End of WW1
The end of WW1 involved all of the world's great powers,The Allies and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel,including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history.More than 9 million combatants were killed, It was the second deadliest conflict in history. -
Hitler Joins The Nazi Party
Adolf Hitler rose to leadership through his emotional and captivating speeches. He encouraged national pride, militarism, and a commitment to the Volk and a racially "pure" Germany. He changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Workers' Party called for short, the Nazi Party. -
Fascist Party established under Mussolini in Italy
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party.in which Mussolini included nationalism, corporatism, national syndicalism, expansionism, social progress and anti-communism in combination with censorship of subversives and state propaganda. -
Mussolini takes over in Italy
Mussolini wrote "Down with the War. We remain neutral." he saw the war as an opportunity, both for his own ambitions as well as those of socialists and Italians. He was influenced by anti-Austrian Italian nationalist sentiments, believing that the war offered Italians in Austria-Hungary the chance to liberate themselves from rule of the Habsburgs. He declared support for the war by helping socialists overthrow the Hohenzollern and Habsburg monarchies in Germany and Austria-Hungary. -
Establishment of the USSR
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics known as the Soviet Union was a socialist state that existed on the territory of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.The Soviet Union was found in December 1922 when the Russian SFSR, formed during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and emerged victorious in Russian Civil War, unified with the Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Belorussian SSRs. -
Death of Vladimir lenin;control of USSR to joseph stalin; deaths of 8-13million Russians
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee . Stalin assumed the leading role in Soviet politics after Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, and got closer to his opponents until he had become the unchallenged leader of the Soviet Union. He launched the New Economic Policy of the 1920s with Five-Year Plan. -
US and 61 other countries sign Kellogg- Briand Pact
The pact contained no punishment for violating the agreement. By 1929, thirty-nine other nations signed the pact. Japan and the Soviet Union signed the agreement. The act was consecrated outside of the League of Nations. Although the agreement fell apart, it set a precedent and became part of the U.N. Charter. -
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
The Japanese sent a repair party in early November under the protection of Japanese troops. Fighting erupted between the Japanese forces and troops loyal to the acting governor of Heilongjiang province Muslim General Ma Zhanshan, who chose to disobey the Kuomintang government's ban on further resistance to the Japanese invasion. -
Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany, establishing the Third Reich
Hitler immediately began accumulating power and changing the nature of the Chancellory. After two months in office, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act which gave the Chancellor full legislative powers for a period of four years the Chancellor could introduce any law without consulting Parliament. Hitler used the Enabling Act to merge the office of Chancellor with that of President to create a new office, Führer; although the offices were merged. -
Roosevelt takes office
Roosevelt launched the New Deal a set of programs designed to produce relief (especially government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (of the economy), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, But then went into a deep recession. -
Italian troops conquer Ethiopia
During the five-year occupation of Ethiopia, 300,000 Italians were forced into the conquering of East African Empire.one third of them were military personalle.After being under Rodolfo Graziani which led a difficult period. Italian East Africa was ruled more successfully by Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta. In which he included 2,000 miles of new paved roads, 25 hospitals, 14 hotels, dozens of post offices, telephone exchanges, aqueducts, schools, and shops. -
Hitler begins military buildup
In 1935 Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by reintroducing military conscription in which he began his own army with the German Army. As germany was re armed people became very nervous. he was in power now. He reassured diplomats, he convinced people it was a defensive measure that put the country equally with surrounding nations. -
US begins passing Neutrality Acts
The Neutrality Acts were laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, that was caused to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that led to World War II. They were caused by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US. -
German troops invade Rhineland
In 1936 Hitler ordered German troops to enter Rhineland. The German army was not very strong and could have been easily defeated.Neither France or Britain was prepared to start another war. In result The army invaded Manchuria in China, and a rich area in minerals and resources. -
Civil War begins in Spain under Francisco Franco
Originally coming from a military family franco instead became a soldier.He was the youngest general in Europe in 1926 in which were he participatyed in the Rif War in Mexico. When he returned to spanish mainland he made up a marxist which got out of control Jose Castillo was assasinated. They used his death for protext war.They entered a coup in which Franco became the leader of the Nationalists against the Popular Front government. -
Japan Invades China
The Japanese army was training at the Yongding River about ten miles west of Beijing, China. A soldier went missing. The Japanese accused the Chinese army across the river, of abducting the soldier. The soldier soon turned up, but the Japanese commander had already ordered an attack.
The Japanese controlled Beijing and Tianjin. After taking Nanjing the Japanese carried out one of the most horrific terrorist campaigns in modern warfare. -
Hitler announces secret plans for lebensraum
He started the exposition by explaining his theory of Lebensraum, stating that Germany had " racial core" and the Germans were entitled to "greater living space." Germany's Lebensraum problem could only be solved by force
Hitler outlined three strategies , it capitalize the military and political weaknesses of France and Britain. -
Hitler takes Austria
In taking Austria through a bloodless coup, Hitler fulfills another step in his program and more is still to come Thirty minutes before the deadline expires, "A tired man sits at a telephone." After hanging up the phone, he reports, "Italy has abandoned us"—they must give the Nazis the Ministry, Justice,seven positions in the cabinet, and Austrians will retain nominal control. It may be necessary "to avoid bloodshed, invasion, for the present good of Austria." -
Munich Agreement; Sudetenland to Germany
The agreement was introduced by Mussolini although in fact the so-called Italian plan had been prepared in the German Foreign Office. It was nearly identical to the Godesberg proposal: the German army was to complete the occupation of the Sudetenland The settlement gave Germany the Sudetenland control over the rest of Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler promised to go no further. On September 30 Chamberlain went to Hitler and asked him to sign a peace treaty between the United Kingdom and Germany. -
Czechoslovakia falls to Hitler
in March 1938, the conquest of Czechoslovakia became Hitler's next ambition. The incorporation of Sudetenland into Nazi Germany left the rest of Czechoslovakia weak and it became powerless to resist subsequent occupation. The German Wehrmacht moved into Czechoslovakia and, from Prague Castle, Hitler proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The occupation ended with the surrender of Germany following the Second World War. -
Franco is succesfull in Spain
Franco was later added in early August. On 21 September it was decided that Franco was to be commander-in-chief (this unified command was opposed only by Cabanellas), and, after some discussion, with no more than a lukewarm agreement from Queipo de Llano and from Mola, also head of governmentHe was, doubtlessly, helped to this primacy by the fact that, in late July, Hitler had decided that all of Germany's aid to the nationalists would go to Franco. -
Totalitarian government established in USSR
Stalin wanted the USSR to modernise at such a fast rate that it could make up the 50-year gap in 10 years. The USSR needed to invest in materials like coal, iron, steel and power to defend itself properly. Rapid industrialisation was also needed for defence as the USSR was surrounded, as Stalin said, by governments that hated Communism: Romania, Iran, Finland and Poland. In order to become a strong industrial economy, the agricultural sector had to be modernised. -
Non-agression pact; Germany and Russia; divide poland
Russia and Germany signed a 'Non-aggression Pact'. Hitler sent Ribbentrop, a senior Nazi, to Russia. He offered a Nazi-Soviet alliance Russia and Germany would not go to war, but would divide Poland between them. Germany allowed Russia to annex Estinia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. -
German invasion of Poland; blitzkreig
German mechanized and airborne components over the border in fast-moving land offensives and accurate air attacks in what became known as the "Lightning War" or Blitzkrieg. The Poles put up a valiant defense of their country but soon the whole of Europe would prove no match for the might of the Nazi war machine. Polish army forces were outmatched by the German Panzer units and, the Polish Air Force became outnumbered against the German Luftwaffe. -
German invasion of Denmark and Norway
The government of Norway, was unwilling to become involved in the war, protected German transports sailing in her waters . Norwegian gunboats stood by and allowed a British destroyer to board a German transport, which changed Hitler's viewpoint. Norway needed to be occupied to safeguard the supply route from British Royal Navy's interference.Winston Churchill, the Lord of the Admiralty, purposed a strike at Norway before Germany could do the same. It was a flagrant violation of Norway. -
Defeat of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg by Germany
The Germans invaded the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Using the 'Blitzkrieg' techniques of fast moving formations supported by ground-attack aircraft, mobile artillery and mechanised infantry, they quickly overwhelmed the Dutch and Belgian armies. The Germans seized the initiative from the outset, capturing the key Belgian fort of Eban Emael with a daring airborne operation. -
British and French defeat at Dunkirk
Dunkirk discipline nearly broke down altogether for the first two days of the evacuation order had to be kept by armed naval personnel until more disciplined regiments arrived. "The Dunkirk episode was far worse than was ever realized in Fleet Street. The men on getting back to England were so demoralized they threw their rifles and equipment out of railwaycarriage windows. Some sent for their wives with their civilian clothes, changed into these, and walked home. -
Italy enters the war on the side of Germany and invades France
France surrendered to Germany. Italy occupied some areas of French territory along the Franco-Italian border. Italian casualties were 1,247 men dead or missing and 2,631 wounded. 2,151 Italians were hospitalised due to frostbite.the Italians refused to cooperate with the Nazis in rounding up the Jews living in the occupied zone of France under their control and prevented the Nazis from deporting Jews in their zone. The Italian Navy established a submarine base. -
France surrenders to Germany
The Battle of France, known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, executed which ended the Phoney War. Fall Rot executed German forces outflanked the Maginot Line to attack the larger territory of France. Italy declared war on France on 10 June. On 22 June, an armistice was signed between France and Germany, going into effect on 25 June. France was divided into a German occupation zone in Vichy France. -
Plans for an invasion of Great Britian; beginning of the Battle of Britian
The Battle of Britain was the air war fought over Great Britain between the German Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force during World War II. Adolph Hitler ordered a preliminary attack by the Luftwaffe to destroy the RAF and neutralize the Royal Navy. By September 5 the RAF Fighter Command had lost 450 planes and was close to defeat. Of the RAF fighter pilots, Winston Churchill said: "Never, in the field of human conflict, was so much owed by so many to so few." -
Russian army into Finland (Finns surrender in three months)
The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's Great Purge , reducing the army's morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting With more than 30,000 of its army officers executed or imprisoned, and most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army had many inexperienced senior officers.
