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Jan 1, 1524
Reformation
Martin Luther
Voluntary education by family, church, or workplace -
Old Deluder Satan Act
Voluntary/Required opportunity for education
Apprenticeships -
Compulsory Education
In all of New England
Financial support -
Public Schools
Horace Mann - Free public school system
Thomas Jefferson - Key to representative government support -
Period: to
French Enlightenment
Influence on American social activists
Optimism of intervention replaced by the burden of control and maintenance -
School Law
Massachusetts - first general compulsory school law
Children 8-14 required to attend school 12 weeks/year -
Control Laws
Nearly all 32 states had local control laws
Lack of space for all legally obliged to attend school -
School Tax
Laws for state school system and school tax -
Educational Bodies
Established -
Period: to
Bureacratic Professionalism
Dominance of the theme of bureacratic professionalism and rampart specialization of expertise
Rise and recognition of special education classrooms with specially trained teachers -
Compulsory School Attendance
All schools adopt -
Period: to
Universal Schooling
Is common goal
Child labor legislation -
Period: to
IDEA
Implementation of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Programmatic elaboration came to encompass both place and profession in the context of a mandated and expanded system of public special education -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disibility. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Focus is to see every child in America achieve high standards.