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Period: 1300 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
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476
Fall of the Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was one of the strongest and powerful empires of their time. Later close to the 400 CE they started to have problems after their leader was overthrown by a Germanic leader Odoacer. He was the first barbarian to rule in Rome. Soon after this new leader had the power of the empire, their empire collapsed. This fall was part of the western side of Rome, as the east had the Byzantine empire to try and restore their fallen Empire. -
500
Dark Ages
The Dark Ages is a historical period that is also referred to the Middle Ages. This was between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Italian Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Dark Ages is also known for their lack of records and no one knowing much of this era. They lacked a strong central power, and had religious problems too. Establishing and fixing the settlement was a huge problem, as church was also blamed for the darkness of this era. -
1316
The Black Death
In the 1300's there was a plague killing a huge population of Europeans between 1347-1351. The disease were spread from rats, but the rats got the disease from fleas spreading them around. Traders unknowingly brought diseased rats to Mediterranean ports in 1347 and they spread through Europe. The disease caused painful swelling of Buboes and caused spots on the skin that turned black. This plague was historic due to its deadliness and huge amount of victims it killed during this time in Europe. -
1400
Aztecs
The Aztecs was a powerful and wealthy Empire of the Mesoamerican cultures.Their empire ruled through central Mexico, the ruler Montezuma II had millions of people under him. The Aztecs started to gain power through the late 1300's and early 1400's, their power started to spread ad rule through more of Mexico, mostly central and the south regions. Their power was soon overthrown by Hernan Cortes, and the rest of the Spanish explorers landing on the coast. -
1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther is a significant historical figure from the times of the Protestant Reformation during the 16th century. He is famous for his beliefs and writings against the catholic church. He wrote the 95 Theses, a list of questions and propositions for debate. He explained that there should not be another human being praised like the popes, and exposed indulgences. His explanation of indulgences showed that a man could not save them from hell, and that God is the only person to save them. -
1492
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous explorers for his famous discovery of "America", but he really discovered the West Indies instead of America. His original route was from Europe to Asia, but he accidentally landed in the West Indies. He later used the natives of that land, and took over their land making their lives harder. He wasn't actually a hero that he is portrayed as for the beginning of America, he was later arrested by the Spanish Government for accusations of crimes. -
1500
Caribbean Colonies
The Caribbean Colonies also known as the West Indies, is where Christopher Columbus' famous discovery was set. Many people believed he made it there, because he thought he made it to the Americas, when it was the West Indies. The region is tropical, so their crops were different from Europeans, and this made trade big with them. Their crops were tobacco, rice, and many other. The Caribbean was already home to Natives and other Indians. -
1534
French and Native Americans Relationship
During the time of exploration and colonies being set on the New World, many of them would discover Native Americans already there. Usually the relationship with them were never good, and they were used by the foreign colonies. The French though respected their territories, ways and treated them as human beings, they created trades with them too. Their relationship was the best any country had with the Natives, as they were friendly with each other, and even having intermarriages. -
Roanoke
The second colony was founded on Roanoke in 1587 in Virginia. This colony is one of the most mysterious events to ever happen in American history, as there are still no answers to what happened to the colony. in 1587 around 115 English settlers arrived to Roanoke. John White was the leader of the colony, he went back to England to gather more supplies. When he returned in 1590, there was nobody there, every settler disappeared with no trace other than a message on a tree with the word "CROATOAN" -
Royal Colonies
During the time of colonization and exploration, a large population of Europe went to settle and make it to the New World. Many colonies were sent and under the royal king. These royal colonies are called what they because they were controlled by the king. James I was one of the kings that sent people over to the New World. He revoked the charter of the bankrupt Virginia Company. Making Virginia a royal colony under the king's control. This is one of the many colonies under the royal power. -
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was a system of transatlantic trade during the 16th century. The triangular trade is called because of the routes, from Europe, Africa, and the Americas, it creates a triangle. The trades were used to send European products to Africa, then they were traded with slaves. Then the slaves would be transported and sold in the Americas. This trading system decreasingly stopped and ended by 1808 which ended the legal slave trade. This system played an important role in history. -
Colony of Virginia
The Chesapeake Colonies were one of the first English colonial societies. This started off as a private charter from English crown in 1606. Virginia started with one hundred and 5 settlers but then the first winter only 32 of them survived. Many of the colonies failed due to natural cause like weather, and disease, and sometimes they had conflicts with the Native Americans. The name of Virginia came from the name of Queen Elizabeth I, who was also referred to as the "Virgin Queen". -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Plymouth Colony
Around 100 people of the English Separatist Church set sail for the New World, they went on the famous ship called the Mayflower. Their colony was the first permanent puritans. These people left England to seek religious freedom, or for a better life for them or their family. Plymouth is where Thanksgiving dates back too, the Pilgrims and the Natives Americans feasted together. The colony was made of religious people that were in seek of a colony that looked high above like on the top of a hill. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony was one of the original English settlements in present-day Massachusetts. Around 1,000 Puritan refugees. The colony was under the governor John Winthrop and Deputy governor Thomas Dudley. They established a theocratic government, influenced from their strong beliefs and feelings towards religion. Selected settlers had to pay their way into the colony, it was built around churches or town centers, and the colony was strikingly different from Chesapeake. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
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Nathaniel Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon was born January 2, 1647, in England. He was an American Colonist famous for his rebellion Virginia that was seen to be a possible threat of a Civil War. Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of the Governor William Berkeley. This was the first rebellion in the American colonies. These acts were from William Berkeley's friendly policies towards the Native Americans. Nathaniel Bacon died in October 26, 1675. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials was a scary time in colonial Massachusetts, from February 1692 and May 1693. The Salem Witch Trials started when a group of young girls started to show unusual activity and behavior. This lead to theories of witches and their maid doing witchcraft which was true. Creating a public issue to be careful and make hearings and prosecutions to anyone suspected to be a witch. The trials were public and everyone was cautious of witches and or being accused of being one. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest English mathematician of his generation. He was is mostly known for his famous laws that are used today. His laws were on gravitation, and his discovery of calculus led the way to more powerful methods of solving mathematical problems. He was born and England, and was a highly influential in many different concepts as he was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, alchemist, and a theologian. -
Guerrilla Warfare
The way the American colonists won their battles against the British during the American Revolution was the way they fought the British. The British fought in a conventional warfare, which is the type of battling when they stand all together and line up to shoot the opposing team. Guerrilla warfare is when the army would hide in the trees and not wear clothes that stood out like the British, and shoot from the trees being hidden. This warfare is the type we all use in today's wars. -
George Washington During the French and Indian War
George Washington was a leader during the some battles during the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War. He was not the great hero everyone believes him to be as he was a failure during these times. He was a young 22-year-old as Lieutenant. in the late 1753 when the war started he was selected as the British emissary to the French frontier establishment, even though he had a few bad times. This war ended in success with George Washington as it became influential in the future. -
Benjamin Franklin
During the colonial times of America, Benjamin Franklin was a famous figure to America. He was born January 17, 1706, and died in April 17, 1790. He was famous and played his part of the American Enlightenment and significant in other reasons. He opposed the Stamp Act and became involved in political movements. He was also one of the seven Founding Fathers of the United States of America. His role in America was important and he was involved with almost all of the significant events in history. -
Northern Slavery
During the colonial times, north and south had different lifestyles. Though the south heavily relied on slavery and the worse kind of slavery. Even though the north did not really use slaves as much as the south, there was still northern slavery. The slavery in the norther regions were way less rough and harder than the south because of the less demand for slaves, and most of north did not really like or was for slavery. Slavery was easier for slaves here too. -
Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris was the famous treaty to end the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years war. The war is commonly mistaken because of the name, but this was a territorial war between the French and the British. Great Britain and the France had many battles of different areas and regions. Later the French gave up all of their territory in mainland North America, ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there. This was the famous Treaty of Paris of 1763. -
Lower South
During the colonial times of America around 1763, the southern regions were different from the northern regions and colonies. The lower south of the southern colonies were in high demand for slaves because of the land and big amount of agriculture. Because of the big amount of land needed to be farmed, the southern were always for slavery and wanted slavery. The lower south was also a problem to when the colonies needed to become an independent country for there different interests. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War 1763-1783
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Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was passed on March 22, 1765, leading to an uproar in the colonies over the issue, that contributed to the Revolution, taxation without representation. It was enacted in November 1765. the controversial act forced colonists to buy a British stamp for every official document they obtained. When this act was passed by the British Parliament, this angered the American colonists to a revolution, which is why the stamp act is one of the most recognized acts passed in history. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was heard around the world, it began on the evening of March 5, 1770 with a small argument between British Private Hugh White and a few colonists outside the Custom House in Boston on King Street. After this argument escalated, more colonists harassed the soldiers, and a soldier shot one of the colonists. The unnecessary firing of the soldiers lead to angered colonists and left five colonists dead. This news was spread around the colonies to be heard from everyone. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party happened in December 16, 1773. This was when American colonists threw crates full of tea into the waters as a protest against the British. After the French and Indian War, the British needed money to pay of debts, so they started to unfairly tax the American colonists. This is what angered them. The result of the Boston Tea Party is the famous "taxation without representation". The infamous parliament was called the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts. -
Battle of Lexington
During the American Revolution, the Battle of Lexington is famous and known for being the first battle between the patriots and the British. In April 1775 the British troops were sent to confiscate colonial weapons, they soon run into an untrained militia. The British lost to the American colonists and retreated back to Boston.This battle was significant because it proved that it wouldn't be so easy to take out the Americans, and that they'd have to put up a good fight to defeat them. -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson is also known as one of the Founder Fathers of America, and famous for his contribution to the creation of the Declaration of Independence. He was born on April 13, 1743, and died July 4 1826. He was the principle author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. The Declaration of Independence is the document that officially made us an independent country, famously written bu Thomas Jefferson. -
Articles of Confederation Problems with Debt
The Articles of Confederation was the national government that had no power to impose taxes. The Articles of Confederation allowed only state governments to levy taxes to avoid any perception of "taxation without representation". To pay expenses, the national government had to request money in the states. The debt after the American Revolution was successful but still fell in debt, and the document wasn't the best to support the country survive the debt and other problems. -
The Great Debate
The Constitutional Convention had a debate between the federalists and the anti-federalists. The Anti-Federalists opposed the constitution as they had a great argument, though the federalists were for the constitution. The Anti-Federalists complained that the new system threatened liberties, and failed to protect individual rights The argument was about the power, and if the constitution was good for America, or if the outcome would be a failure to them. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was a group of protesters that was led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays, they began a 6 month rebellion by taking over the Court of Common Pleas in Northampton. Their goal was to prevent trial and imprisonment of citizens in debt, especially the farmers because their farms were being taken away due to their debt. This was important to America as they realized they needed a new document. Later the new Constitution was written and became independent. -
Two Plans
The Constitutional Convention took place from May 14 to September 17, 1787. It was to fix America's weaknesses and figuring out how they were going to be governed. The convention had two famous plans. One was the Virginia Plan. This plan was for larger populated states, and the other plan was the New Jersey Plan. This plan was for smaller states. The small states wanted each state to have the same number of representatives; the big states wanted representation based on population. -
Three Branches
The Constitution would have an outcome of the Three- Tier System. This system known as the three branches include the Executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. This system works to keep every branch in check from becoming too powerful. For example, The President (executive) checks on court, the courts checks on legislative, and the legislative checks on president. This cycle of checking the power is extended even more. This is known as Checks and Balances. -
Slavery
During the Constitutional Convention, there were many issues they needed to establish. One of the issues was slavery. Slavery is favored most in southern regions because of the large agriculture. Some people in the north wanted slavery, but most of them started to dislike it and oppose to slavery. One of the problems they came across was to how they would count slaves as a part of their population. This lead to the 3/5 compromise, every 3 slaves were counted for 5 white people. -
Election of 1788
After the constitution was ratified, America needed a president. The United States presidential election of 1788-1789 was the first presidential election. It was held from December 15, 1788, to January 10, 1789. It was conducted under the new United States Constitution, which had been ratified earlier in 1788. George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States under their new constitution under the Federalist party. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was a document that included the amendments that stated and established freedom from everyone under America. The first 10 amendments were written by James Madison. The Bill of Rights is important because it protects us and our inalienable rights. Making the people of America safe from many of the problems they had with their past British ways. For example the 8th amendment is to prevent people from being unnecessary excessive fines. These all protect our individual rights. -
Federalists
There were two form of government competing around the time the new constitution was ratified. The Federalists and the Democrat Republicans. Federalists was led by the famous Alexander Hamilton, this party wanted a strong central government led by industry and the wealthy and they were pro-British. They had a loose Interpretation of the Constitution unlike the Democratic Republicans. These two were opposite in many ways creating this competition between these powerful parties. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Articles of Confederation Problems with Power
The Articles of Confederation was the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after they declared Independence from Great Britain. This document came with many problems though, including power. The congress could not force states to meet military quotas, only had specifically delegated powers and had no powers to enforce its laws. These problems soon lead to the ratification and creation of the U.S Constitution. -
Cotton Gin
In 1794, a US born inventor named Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin. This invention was important and affected the use of slaves. The cotton gin was a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. Slaves would take so much time to remove the seeds from the cotton fiber, but the use of the cotton gin makes the process way faster than hand removal. The cause rapidly improved the production and economy of the US. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion is significant to American history because it tested the new Constitution of America. This rebellion happened in Pennsylvania and Kentucky because of the high taxing of whiskey. This angered many people, as this became a serious challenge to the federal authority. The tax was imposed bu Alexander Hamilton to fund the national debt and centralize the country's financial problems. The protests and rebellion collapsed as soon as George Washington and his army came to stop it. -
Jay's Treaty
Jay's Treaty was a treaty that was from John Jay. John Jay went to London to negotiate about the treaty and talk with the British. The outcome of this was the agreement from the British to vacate forts in the northwest. This angered republicans. John Jay was a Federalist as they were for the British and usually opposed to the republicans of America. This was in 1795 and resolved the issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783. This was significant as the Federalists got what they wanted. -
Election of 1796
The presidential election of 1796 was the first contested American presidential election and the only one to elect a President and a Vice President that opposed of each other. John Adams v.s Thomas Jefferson. John Adams was a Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson was a Democrat Republican. These two parties opposed of each other for their beliefs and their wishes upon the country. John Adams won the election, but it came with many problem internationally with the French and British. -
Mass Production
Mass production occurred during this Industrial Revolution as America evolved into a stronger and becoming more advanced at a high rate. Factories were being made at this time which was how most women in America started to work. These factories made production way faster and easier than ever, creating way more goods and needs dramatically better. This changed labor as kids and women started to work in these factories for the production to strengthen America's economy. -
Free Black Communities
As America continues to grow as a stronger country, more and more states and regions are starting to oppose of slavery. The south was always for slavery while the North had more freedom for slaves. In the 1800's slaves were starting to become free from buying it, manumission, or voluntary emancipation by the slave owner. When the slaves would become free, churches were the central role of their free black communities. They would usually be there to praise God and have their community freely. -
Election of 1800
The election of 1800 was a contest between President John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. John Adams was seeking a second term and was also a Federalist. Thomas Jefferson was the Democratic- Republican vice president seeking his presidential term. Thomas Jefferson won this election and he called it "the Revolution of 1800", because it marked the first time that power in America passed from one party to another. Also the power was peacefully transferred from one political party to another. -
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The Age of Jefferson
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Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 was a land deal between the United States and France. Thomas Jefferson was the president of the United States at this time and made the move and negotiation with France to make this deal. The U.S acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.This purchase doubled the size of the United States and gave us complete control of the port of New Orleans and provided territory for westward expansion. -
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the influential writers during the time transcendentalists were big, he soon became highly influential throughout the United States. He was born on July 4, 1804 and died on May 19, 1864. His writings were usually dark, romantic, and short stories. His works were fiction and mostly on part of the Romantic movement and sometimes dark romanticism. His ancestors of the Salem is what greatly influenced his writing. He was the great-great grandson of John Hathorne. -
Hamilton vs Burr
Hamilton and Burr were enemies as Hamilton was the leader of the Federalists, and Burr was a Democratic - Republican. Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr were in a in Weehawken, New Jersey. Aaron Burr was the Vice President, and Alexander was the leader of Federalists. They had many problems with each other, and had an ongoing feud during the times of the new constitution of America. This duel ended up with Aaron Burr fatally shooting Alexander Hamilton with a pistol. -
Embargo Act of 1807
On December 22, 1807 The president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson passed the law known as the Embargo Act of 1807. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. In 1806, France passed a law that prohibited trade between neutral parties, including the United States and Britain. This was passed against Great Britain and France during the Napoleon Wars. It was to punish them and to protect American shipping from any further acts of aggression by either nation. -
War of 1812
The war of 1812 was from the battles between Great Britain and France. Great Britain was locked in a long and bitter conflict with Napoleon Bonaparte's France. They attempted to cut off supplies from reaching the enemy, both sides attempted to block the United States from trading with the other. The war caused a series of economic sanctions taken by the British and French against the United States as part of the Napoleonic Wars. a US historian admits Canada won this war in 1812. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass was one of the most historical figures of America. As he was an African American, he was enslaved and escaped slavery. He became an abolitionist, American social reformer, orator, and writer. He gave speeches about slavery, and that lead to him becoming a spokesperson for the abolition of slavery and for racial equality. He was the son of a slave woman and an unknown white man. He was a strong and influential for the times of changing America's social system. -
Panic of 1819
After the war of 1812, the economic expansion ended. The economy of the United States began to fail as banks throughout the country failed, mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. This was the first important financial crisis in the United States and the terrible effects of the panic resulted in the public loss of confidence in the financial structure. The panic was a decline in agriculture and manufacturing in America, slowing down the economic growth. -
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Westward Expansion
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Missouri Compromise
Missouri was going through a crisis during the 1819-1820's between the slave and free states. The Missouri Compromise was an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. The Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state leaving Maine as a free state. In 1854, this compromise was replaced by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This was important, as it was showing the growth of free states and endings to slavery in America. -
Election of 1824
The election of 1824 was one of the most contested elections in American history. The candidates was Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay. All were representing the Democratic Republican party. Out of all 4 of the presidential candidates, not one of them had received a majority of the total electoral votes in the election of 1824. Congress decided to leave the election to the House of Representatives, from the 12th amendment. John Quincy Adams won this election. -
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Age of Jackson
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Presidency of John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams became president after the election of 1824. This election was important as none of the candidates had a majority vote, so the congress turned the voting to the House of Representatives, which resulted in John Quincy Adams becoming president. He served one term from 1825 to 1829. His presidency was the final collapse of the Republican-Federalists political framework, and he also opposed of slavery. He was the 6th president, and his election had corrupt controversy at the time. -
Election of 1828
The election of 1828 was a rematch between the current president, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. This election had no other major candidates competing. Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Part accused John Quincy Adams of doing disgraceful actions politically just to win the election in 1824. Andrew Jackson ended up winning the election against his rival Adams. Jacksonian era was a time of political philosophy that espoused greater democracy for the common man in the United States. -
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Cultural Changes
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Nat Turner's Rebellion
During these times in America around the mid 1800's, slaves were starting to become more free in the United States. Slavery became less harsh or wanted by many parts of America, especially the North side. Though the south always remained pro slavery. Which lead to Nat Turner's Rebellion, on August 1831 this rebellion led by Nat Turner with rebel slaves killed from 55-65 people that were mostly whites. This was one of the most significant and successful slave rebellions in U.S. History. -
Railroads
The Industrial Revolution of America improved in many ways. Transportation was needed to strengthen their economy, so railroads were made in 1831. The first test run was on July 2, 1831. The DeWitt Clinton locomotive was built by the West Point Foundry in New York for the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad. After these successful tests, railroads became a huge part of America, as locomotives were being built to run on them for better and faster transportation, adding onto Americas successful revolution. -
Telegraph
The Industrial Revolution of America was not only improving rapidly for agriculture and transportation, but also communication. The first telegraph was made in the 1830's and the 1840's . Samuel Morse was the inventor that developed this technology that allowed easier communication. It revolutionized long - distance communication. The way it worked was by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.This technology helped long distance communication way easier than a letter. -
Election of 1836
The current president of this election in 1838 was Andrew Jackson. The election was between Andrew Jackson, and Martin Van Buren, and other candidates from the growing Whig Party. The Whig Party was a growing party made in the 1830s that opposed the President Andrew Jackson and Democrats. They were for national banking, and protective tariffs. The election ended up with Martin defeating the Whig Party's strategies as Martin was able to keep the Democratic Republican party as the president. -
Iron Plow
America started to enter the Industrial Revolution, this is when production and economy is growing at a high rate. Many technology being invented to improve work or production including the Iron Plow. The iron plow was invented before the revolution, bu in 1837, John Deere decided to make them for farmers. This tool allowed farmers to cut furrows in thick sticky Midwest soil, and other uses for agriculture. Many tools like this improved and helped America economically for the revolution. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson is the man of "The Age of Jackson". This political era of his time was highly influenced throughout American politics, and his influence was pervasive both before and after his time in office. He was born in 1767 and died in the year 1845. Andrew Jackson soon became the 7th president of the United States, and only served office from 1829-1837. He represented the Democratic political party which influenced the domestic and foreign policies of his presidency . -
Abolitionist
Abolitionists were people that wanted to abolish slavery. Most abolitionists were African American, they were taking action to go against slavery and create a stronger community against the racist system of slavery. William Lloyd Garrison was a white American abolitionist as he helped with many anti slavery causes. The Liberator was a weekly newspaper from Garrison, an abolitionist. This was the most influential antislavery period in the United States before the Civil War happened. -
Henry David Thoreau
Transcendentalism was the philosophy and ideas of individualism. These writers became big during the 1840's. Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817. He was one of the most influential writers as this time transcendentalists were becoming bigger and more influential in the United States. One of his most famous writings was "Civil Disobedience" AKA, "Resistance to Civil Government" after he was put in jail after refusing to pay a pay tax. He was also friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson. -
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, he wrote poems, short stories, editor, and critic. He was famous for his poems and short stories, usually had a dark story of his writings. He was a writer during the times America had writers and fiction stories becoming big and influencing many in the United States. He had a great impact on society as he created many horror stories, and known as a master of short stories. He helped many writers and criticized their writings to help improve them. -
Shortest Lived President
William Henry Harrison was the ninth president of the United States. He was born in 1773 and died in 1841. He served only a month in office before he died of pneumonia. He won the election in 1840 at the age of 67. After he was elected, he was sick of a typhoid fever which caused him to have pneumonia. After 30 days into his term, he died in the White House in office. He was a Democratic Republican from 1799-1828, and was part of the Whig Party in 1836-1841. -
James K. Polk
James K Polk was the 11th president of the United States. He was born on November 2, 1795, and died in June 15, 1849. He was in office for 4 years. James K. Polk beat Henry Clay with his foreign policies and favoring the annexation of Texas. He helped America by reducing tariffs, reformed the national banking system and helped with the territorial issues with the British that secured the Oregon Territory for the United States. He died in June 15, 1849 of Cholera . -
First Police Force
In Americas early days, they did not have police or small services to control local problem and fix them. America barely started to establish police during the Industrial Revolution. Police forces did exist, but they weren't that big or popular throughout cities of other states. in 1789 the U.S. Marshals Service was established, the first police services were established in Philadelphia in 1751, Richmond, Virginia in 1807, Boston in 1838 and New York in 1845 . -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the ideas of America that they were destined by God to govern and be in control of the North American continent. This was the motivation for their U.S. territorial expansion, as the famous picture for Manifest Destiny is a lot of people and a big angel leading them west to take on those lands and be in control of those territories. These famous ideas throughout the small America lead to their movements to take over the western land of North America and be in control. -
Annexation of Texas
During the Annexation of Texas, this was during Manifest Destiny. The United States wanted to annex Texas for the westward expansion. The annexation of Texas is what helped James K.Polk and the United States acquire Texas. After the Mexican American War, Texas became a part of the United States as the 28th state.
This all started with Mexico wanting to keep Texas, and the want of slavery in Texas. The United States manifest destiny was one of the main motives in making Texas a part of the Union. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican American War was throughout April 25, 1846 to February 3, 1848. The war started because of manifest destiny and the problems with slavery. As Texas was in the south, Santa Anna did not allow slavery so this and the westward expansion started this war for Texas independence. The war had many battles with Santa Anna and his army and many Texan fighters. The Mexican American War ended with American Victory with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This ended the problems between them two. -
Ulysses S. Grant
During the Civil War, there were two armies within America. The confederacy, which was the south, and the union which was the north. Ulysses S. Grant was the General and commander of the Union Army. He lead the Union during the Civil war and helped them win this battle against opposing the Confederate army. He also later served as the 18th President of the United states from 1869 to 1877. He also fought in the Mexican American. He helped America in many ways being a part of these major events. -
California Gold Rush
America started to have mass migrations following the Civil War. One of the largest mass migrations in American history was the California Gold Rush. This brought approximately 300,000 people to California. This started when James W. Marshall discovered some gold in California. The news spread quickly, which acquired many foreign immigrants from England, China, Australia, and many more. This mass migration started on January 24, 1848. This was the beginning of these large groups of immigration. -
Compromise of 1850
With America having many problems and crises from the battles of the Civil War and the opposing Southern and Northern states. Henry Clay developed resolutions for these problems on January 29, 1850. The Fugitive Slave Act was for the south, which was the return of runaway slaves who escaped from state to state. Another part of the compromise was the slave trade in Washington D.C, was abolished. This compromise was opposed by John Calhoun which was a key part of these events in the United States. -
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Sectionalism
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin was a novel in America made by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This was an abolitionist book made in 1581-1582. This story was about Uncle Tom, a slave that saved a girl named Little Eva. Little Eva's dad was grateful and purchased Tom. Eva and Tom became good friends, but soon Eva begins to feel ill. On her deathbed she told her father to free all of his slaves. This fails as the owner was killed. Tom's new owner whips him to death for not telling where other runaways left to. -
Election of 1852
The election of 1852 was significant to the American history as this was the collapse of the Whig Party, and was the last time a Whig Party candidate won an election. Franklin Pierce, under the Democratic party won the election with 254 electoral votes. Beating Winfield Scott under the Whig Party with only 42 electoral votes. President Franklin Pierce accomplished the Gasden Purchase, this was expanding the frontier to the South and West. He saw the abolitionist movement as a threat to nation. -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas, also known as the Border War took place between 1854-1861. This was a series of violence civil acts. These conflicts were between Anti-slavery and Pro-slavery activists. This was like a less intense civil war. These violent events actually lead to the civil war. These problems all started in Kansas because this is when they were beginning to establish if they were going to be a slave state or not. Which caused these two opposing sides to take action violently against another -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was born in 1820 and died on March 10, 1913. She is one of the most famous people in America today from American History. She was born a slave. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery and changed her name in 1849. She was known for helping slaves escape slavery to be free using the Underground Railroad. This risky job that was life threatening made her a legend as she was a hero to slaves. She decided to help the Union Army too, as she wanted everyone to be free and out of slavery. -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was first elected on the election of 1860. He was the 16th president of the United States and also the first president under the Republican Party. Abraham Lincoln is one of the most known presidents for his movements to end slavery, known as the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 which protected escaped slaves and helping and leading the United States to defeat the Confederacy and his infamous assassination. Lincoln made a huge impact in the change of America to end slavery. -
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The Civil War
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1st Bull Run
The Bull Run also known as the Manassas, First, VA. This battle was the first major battle of the Civil War between the armies. Both sides of the armies had around the same amount of troops, though these troops were high in population they both were poorly trained, and poorly led. This battle came to the end of the victory for the confederates. The Union forces came to an unorganized retreat, and this lead to the 2nd Bull Run which ended in the Unions defeat against the Confederacy again. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Before the Battle of Gettysburg, Robert E. Lee and his Confederate army defeated the Union army at Chancellorsville. After this the Confederate Army started to march into Northern Virginia around June 1863. Later both armies ran into each other. This battle was at the crossroads town of Gettysburg. The invasion from Robert E. Lee ended with a loss after a few days of battling. These battles were known to be the bloodiest battle of the civil war with 10,000 soldiers dead and 30,000 wounded. -
Emancipation Proclamation
On January 1, 1863 President Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation. This was a huge impact to America as there were many southern and northern issues about slavery. It was passed during the Civil War between the North and South. The Emancipation Proclamation declared free the slaves living in states not under the Union. This was also an effort to persuade some southern states to join the union during the Civil War. Many didn't obey the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Sam Houston
Sam Houston was born on March 2, 1793 and died on July 26, 1863. He is important to Texas as he is the name of the biggest city in Texas and one of the most populated cities in the whole United States. He was a soldier that helped fight against the Mexicans to earn Texas's freedom from Mexico. The many battles against Mexico, the Battle of San Jacinto ended with Americas victory leading to the independence of Texas from Mexico. The city of Houston is now one of the most famous cities in America. -
Lincoln's 10% Plan
After the Civil War, the south was defeated by the Union and this had many problems with the United States as to how they would deal with the confederates and how to rebuild America from the war. Lincoln's 10 percent plan was a way to reconstruct the United States. In order for the southern states to be a part of the Union again, they had to have 10 percent of their voters to be sworn to an oath of allegiance to the Union. This was passed on December 8, 1863 during the Civil War. -
Robert E. Lee
During the Civil War, there were two sides or armies. These two armies were known as the Confederacy (the south), and the Union (the north). Robert E. Lee was a military officer in the United States Army. He was born January 19, 1807 and died in October 12, 1870. He was an American Confederate soldier, also known as a commander of the Confederacy. Though he was the commander of the army, he later surrendered to the Unions general, Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865. -
Freedmen's Bureau
The Freedmen's Bureau, also known as the Bureau if Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands was established in 1865. This was a huge impact for African Americans and poor whites in the South. It was passed by Congress to help the people after the Civil War. Freedmen's Bureau helped these people with food, medical support, and other ways to help these people. The Freedmen's Bureau also attempted to settle former slaves on land from the war that was abandoned or confiscated. -
Freedom Amendments
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were to help with emancipated slaves for equality. The 13th amendment was to ban slavery in all states in America. If this was broken they would be punished for their crimes. The 14th Amendment was passed on July 9, 1868 and this was the citizenship of the people of America. "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" including former slaves. and the 15th with allowed African American men have the right to vote. -
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Reconstruction
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Abraham Lincoln Assassination
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, he's famous for his impact to America during the Civil War, and for his infamous assassination. On April 14, 1865 at the Ford's Theater in Washington D.C., Abraham Lincoln was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth. John Wilkes was a Confederate, as many confederates did not like Abraham Lincoln for his acts against slavery and the southerns ways. Abraham Lincoln died the next morning after he got shot by John Wilkes Booth. -
John Wilkes Booth
John Wilkes Booth was born on My 10, 1838 and died in April 26, 1865. He is famous for the assassination of the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. On April 14th at the Ford's Theater in Washington D.C., he shot Abraham Lincoln in the head, the next morning Abraham Lincoln died. His actions were most likely for his support of slavery and the Southern Confederacy. This happened after the Civil War, and Lincoln was hated by the Confederates and South. -
North in the Civil War
During the Civil War, there were two armies, the North and the South. The Northern Army were against slavery and weren't loyal to the confederation as the south were. The Northern army had an advantage for having a bigger population, and also having an industrial advantage. The industrial economy helped the north as they had factories and railroads to help create and supply to the their army. The North won the Civil War against the South which made the United States a more closed nation. -
South In the Civil War
The Civil War was the famous war between states. The two sides were North and the South. These two had opposing beliefs and lifestyles for their battles. The South army were loyal to the confederate states and were pro slavery as the North army was opposite. The south fought defensively as they were familiar with their areas and to make the North tired. Though they played this role, the North had more people and a better industrial economy. The south lost this war to the North, shaping the U.S. -
Neutral States in the Civil War
The Civil War was the war between the North and South states. Though this war was nationwide, there were some neutral states that did not want to participate in the war. These states were Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, and Maryland.West Virginia separated from Virginia to not be a part of the Civil War. These states were known as the border states, they were slave states that did not leave the Union. They felt that the North had more influence to them, so they did not participate. -
North Leaders of the Civil War
The North had some important generals like Ulysses S. Grant, George Mcclellan, William Tecumseh Sherman, and Irvin Mcdowdell. Ulysses S. Grant led the Union Army later in the Civil war and became the President of the United States. William Tecumseh Sherman was famous for taking Atlanta, and also the "march to the sea" and Irvin Mcdowell was mostly defeated and was not experienced enough to carry out his army to win during some wars. These Generals helped the Union win the Civil War. -
Trent Affair
November 8, 1861 during the Civil War a U.S Navy Officer named Charles Wilkes captured two Confederate envoys on a British mail ship known as the Trent. This created a problem between the United States and the UK as this was an illegal act by Charles Wilkes. The UK did not like that they were illegally captured and argued with the United States about their illegal capture of the two confederate diplomats off of the British ship, the Trent. This only made creating more issues for the US. -
Election of 1868
The Election of 1868 was held on November 3, 1868. This was the United States 21st presidential election. Ulysses S. Grant was the leader of the Radical Republicans and won his 2nd term in office this election against Horatio Seymour, a Democratic with 80 electoral votes, and Ulysses S. Grant with 214. This election was the first election held after the Civil War, leaving a lot of issues for everyone in America to reconstruct the United States and south and other issues from the south. -
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873, also known as, The Long Depression was a crisis in America that took place for 6 years. This was a financial crisis that started as a major economic reversal in Europe which then reached the United States in 1873. The failure of Jay Cookie and Company led to series that affected the entire nation. There was a large fall in stock prices, which lead to a 6 year depression in Americas finance. This was a result of over-expansion in the industry and railroads. -
Election of 1876
The Election of 1876 is known to be one of the most disputed presidential election in American History. This election was between Samuel J. Tilden of New York and Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes. Rutherford B. Hayes won this election with 184 electoral votes to 165 as 20 votes were uncounted. Many people believe that this deal was struck to resolve the Compromise of 1877. Colorado becomes a state during this election and corruption became controversial from this election too. -
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was born in February 21, 1794 and died in June 21, 1876. Santa Anna is significant to American history as he was the general of the Mexican army. He was also the president of Texas before Texas became part of the United States. The people living in Texas did not like Santa Anna's laws and ways of his government, this lead to people fighting for independence. Santa Anna was famously known for being the strong leader of the strong Mexican Army that lost to the Texans. -
Jim Crow
Jim Crow was a fictional character used to perform as a clumsy black slave. There was segregation in the U.S, meaning that blacks were separated from many of the whites and were held back from many of their rights and privileges. Jim Crow laws were laws to separate the whites and blacks and mostly restricting many black people from many normal activities in the U.S. For example, some African Americans couldn't drink or use the same restroom as white people, and had poorer quality things. -
Clara Barton
Clara Barton was born in December 25, 1821 and died in April 12, 1912. She is important to American History for founding the American Red Cross. She was a pioneering nurse when she founded it and also a teacher. This was during the Civil War, as she treated wounded soldiers from the battles. She risked her life to help and supply support for the soldiers. The American Red Cross is a volunteer service as they help people in need of emergencies, it was founded on May 21, 1881.
