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Jan 1, 1150
Cimabue c.1150-1400
Gothic Art: c.1240-1302
The term ‘Gothic’, originally relating to the barbarity of the Gothic tribes (the Ostrogoths and Visigoths) in their destruction of the art of Ancient Rome, was first coined by 16th century Italian Renaissance critics as a term of abuse for various developments in medieval art and architecture up to the start of the 14th century. 'Gothic Art' defines much of the late medieval art that grew out of the Byzantine and Romanesque traditions. These were -
Period: May 3, 1150 to
Western Art
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Jan 1, 1400
Gentile da Fabriano c.1375-1425
International Gothic: c.1370-1427
The term International Gothic describes a transition of styles across Northern Europe and Italy during the period between Byzantine Art, Late Gothic Art and Early Renaissance art. International Gothic was an elegant, detailed and decorative style that comprised miniatures, illuminated manuscripts and ornate religious altarpieces. These artworks were populated by more natural and sensual figures than their Byzantine and Gothic c -
Jan 1, 1425
Masaccio c.1400-1450
Masaccio Wikipedia
Masaccio c.1401-1428
The Early Renaissance was the period of artistic development in Italy when art broke away from the rigid Byzantine and Gothic traditions to develop a more naturalistic approach to drawing and the organization of figures within a landscape. The roots of these changes lay in the more solid rendering of form and the gestural narratives of Giotto's painting. A more precise way of rendering depth was gradua -
Jan 1, 1500
Leonardo da Vinci c.1480-1520
High Renaissance: 1452-1519
The word 'Renaissance' means 'rebirth' - a rebirth of the classical ideals from Ancient Rome and Greece. The High Renaissance marks the pinnacle of artistic development in this period of Italian art. The great artists of the High Renaissance were Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti from Florence, Raphael Sanzio from Umbria, and Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) and Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) from Venice. They painted artworks of -
Jan 1, 1500
Albrecht Dürer: c.1420-1520
The Northern Renaissance: 1471-1528 The 'Northern Renaissance' is the term given to the art of north and west Europe during the Italian Renaissance. In the 15th century, art in the north was still linked to the Gothic tradition but rendered with an exquisite naturalistic detail in the new medium of oil paints. Flanders was the main focus of artistic activity with artists such as Robert Campin, Rogier van der Weyden, Hugo van der Goes and Jan van Eyck. In the 16t -
Jan 1, 1550
Bronzino (Agnolo di Cosimo): c.1520-1580
Mannerism: c 1503-1572
Mannerism is a 20th century term that was used to describe several exaggerated or mannered styles of art that evolved towards the end of the High Renaissance. Mannerist artists valued a personal and idealized response to beauty over the classical ideal of ‘truth to nature’. The more robust qualities of Mannerism are found in the exaggerated physiques and contorted figures from the late work of Michelangelo, Raphael, Tintoretto an -
Caravaggio: c.1600- 1700
Baroque: c 1571-1610
Baroque was a reaction against the artificial stylization of Mannerism. It spread throughout Europe during the 17th century. Among the great Baroque masters were the Italian painter Caravaggio and sculptor Bernini, the Flemish artist Rubens, Velazquez from Spain, and Rembrandt, the greatest of all Dutch painters. Baroque art is identified by realistic subjects that depict spectacular action and generate powerful emotions. Religious, mystical and hi -
Jan Vermeer: c.1620-1670
Dutch Art: 1632-1675
With the spread of Protestantism in Holland and the rejection of Catholic Baroque, Dutch artists had to focus on secular subjects to which there were no objections on religious grounds. Consequently, Dutch art has become famous for its still lifes, portraits, landscapes, interiors and genre painting. Artists tended to specialize narrowly, often in one subject. For example, Willem Kalf painted still lifes, Frans Hals portraits, Jacob van Ruisdael lan -
Jean Honoré Fragonard: c.1700-1775
Rococo: 1732-1806
The term ‘Rococo’ derives from the French word ‘rocaille’ which means rock-work, referring to a style of interior decoration that swirls with arrangements of curves and scrolls. The style was essentially French but spread throughout Europe. As Mannerism was a stylistic reaction to Renaissance art, so Rococo was a decorative response to the realism of Baroque. While some authorities consider Rococo to be a refined, elegant, and allegorical s -
Jacques Louis David: c.1765-1850
Neo-Classicism: 1748-1825
Neo-Classicism was a reaction against the pomposity of Rococo. This was the Age of the Enlightenment and political, social and cultural revolution were in the air. Artists needed a serious art for serious times and once again they looked back to the art of Antiquity as their model. Inspired by the archeological discoveries at Herculaneum and Pompeii, Neo-Classicism had a historical accuracy that earlier classical revivals lacked. Histor -
J M W Turner: c.1765-1850
Romanticism 1775-1851
Romanticism valued the expression of emotion over the control of Classicism. This was achieved through spectacular painting technique and the choice of emotive and sensual subjects which often commemorated dramatic contemporary and historical events. In France, Delacroix and Géricault were the pioneers of Romanticism; in England, it was Turner and Constable; in Germany, Caspar David Friedrich and in Spain, Goya. -
Gustave Courbet 1819-1877
Realism c.1840-1880
Realism was a French style of painting that focused on the everyday reality of a subject, warts and all. Realist artists such as Millet, Corot, Courbet and Manet reacted against the heightened emotions of Romanticism. They sought an objective truth that reflected the social realities of the common man in his natural environment. Realism was also inspired by a new exploration of 'visual reality' that followed the invention of photography around 18 -
Dante Gabriel Rossetti 1828-1882
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood c.1848-1854
A blend of Realism and Symbolism emerged in the art of the Pre-Raphaelites, a brotherhood of young English artists who rebelled against the 'Grand Manner', the artificial Mannerist tradition that stretched back to Raphael. Dissatisfied with the art of their own time, they drew inspiration from the Early Renaissance (before Raphael), when artists explored the ideal of 'truth to nature'. The Pre-Raphaelites painted all thei
