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Frances Willard
She was an American educator, reformer, and founder of the World's Christian Temperance Union. -
Social Darwinism
Theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection meaning only the fittest survive in human political and economical struggle. It was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th century and early 20th used to justify imperialism and racism. -
Tin Pan Alley
This was a name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters that dominated the popular music in the U.S. -
The Great Migration
This was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West occurring between 1916 and 1970. They were driven from their homes buy unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregation laws. -
William Jennings Bryan
He campaigned for peace, prohibition, and suffrage and and criticized the teaching of evolution. He emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, his goal of free silver won him support from the Populist side. In 1920 he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. -
Prohibition
Prohibition prevented by law the the manufacture and sale of alcohol from 1920 to 1933. -
Langston Hughes
He was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He confronted racial stereotypes, protested social conditions, and expanded the African American self image through his work during the Harlem Renaissance. -
William G. Harding Return to Normalcy
He wanted a return to the way of life before WWI, he was a United States presidential candidate that promised a return to conservative values and a turning away from Wilson's internationalism. -
Marcus Garvey
Garvey was a proponent of black nationalism in Jamaica and especially in the U.S. He became a leader in the black nationalist movement by applying the economic ideas of Pan-Africanists to the resources available in urban centers. Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated a big migration of African Americans back to Africa. -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood as a black cultural mecca in the early 20th century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. It was considered the golden age in African American culture. They were manifesting in literature, poetry, music, stage performance, and art. -
Jazz Music
The Jazz Age was a cultural period and movement that took place during the 1920's where both new styles of dance and music emerged. -
First Red Scare
This was a period in time int he U.S. when there was suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infiltration of communists in the U.S. Government. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
A scandal surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall. After President Harding transferred supervision to the naval oil reserve lands from the Navy to the Department of of the Interior in 1921 Fall secretly granted to Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome. -
Clarence Darrow
Darrow was a famed criminal lawyer who in the "Monkey Trial" making William Jennings Bryan appear foolish. He also defended Eugene V. Debs, arrested on a charge arising from the Pullman Strike. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Monkey Trial began in Tennessee when a high school teacher John Thomas Scopes was accused of teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee state law. After his arrest him and George Rappalyea enlisted the aid of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) to organize a defense. He was found guilty and had to pay the minimum fine the law allowed which was $100. In 1927 Tennessee supreme court overturned the Monkey Trial Verdict. -
Henry Ford
An American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company. He was a cause of economic boom and increased productivity (assembly line). -
Charles A. Lindbergh
In 1927 he made the first nonstop transatlantic solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean from NYC to Paris. After his flight he published a book about his flight. Lindbergh campaigned against voluntary involvement in World War II. In 1924 he enlisted in the U.S. Army so he could be trained as an Army Air Service Reserve Pilot. -
Stock Market Crash "Black Tuesday"
The stock market crash began October 24, 1929. It was the most devastating crash in history. Investors traded 16 million shares in one day, billions of dollars were lost, wiping out investors. After the crash America spiraled down into the Great Depression, the longest lasting economic downturn in history. -
The Great Depression
The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, it was the worst economic downturn in history of the industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash that caused 15 million Americans to be unemployed and almost half of the banks had failed. FDR created the New Deal Program that aided the recovery from the Great Depression. World War II ended the Great Depression completely. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl occurred in the Southern Plains region of the U.S. caused by extreme drought and poor farming techniques. It forced farmers out of business and affected the entire national economy. -
Federal Reserve System
Written in 1931, the federal reserve system was created to stabile the economy and improve the efficiency of the national payments system. It is an independent agency that supervises and regulates banks. The U.S. is divided into 12 Federal Reserve Districts each with its own Federal Reserve Bank. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt was the 32nd U.S. President from 1932 to 1939. He helped Americans regain faith in themselves by creating the New Deal Program. This helped recover business and agriculture, and gave relief to unemployed and to farmers who were at risk of loosing their farms. -
20th Amendment
Terms of President and Vice President end at noon on January 20th and the terms of Senators and Representatives end at noon on the 3d day of January. It is important because it tried to eliminate Lame Duck presidents and legislatures. -
"Relief, Recovery, Reform"
Introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to address problems of mass unemployment and economic crisis. It was made up of other actions and reforms that focused on emergency relief programs, regulated banks and stock markets, provided debt relief, and helped farmer with farms. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
FDIC was created in 1933 responding to thousands of bank failures from the 1920's. It was made to protect bank depositors and unsure a level of trust in the banking system. -
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Established as one of the New Deal Programs. It provided jobs and electricity to rural areas. It was made to control floods, improve navigation, and produce electrical power. -
21st Amendment
This Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment in 1933. It ended prohibition allowing people to manufacture, transport, and sell intoxicating liquors again. -
The New Deal
The Great Depression was caused when the stock market took a huge crash, people became unemployed and needed money. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected and acted to stabilize the economy and provide jobs. He created the Dew Deal a series of experimental programs to reduce unemployment, help farmers, and introduce welfare to the poor. -
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Established in 1934 to regulate commerce in stocks, bonds, and other security. The SEC required public corporations to to register their stock sales and distribution and to make regular financial disclosures. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Married to Franklin D. Roosevelt she was one of the most active First Ladies in the White House. She worked for political, racial, and social justice. She was a delegate in the United Nations and served as an advocate for many human rights issues. -
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was a documentary photographer who took photos after the Great Depression. She snapped shots of things like unemployed men wandering the street, displaced farmers, and migrant workers. -
Social Security Administration (SSA)
SSA is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers social security. It was a social insurance company consisting of retirement, disability, and survivor benefits.
