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2nd amendment
the United States Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms -
1st amendment
Congress make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise -
3rd amendment
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. -
5th amendment
guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination. -
7th amendment
ensures that citizens' civil cases can be heard and decided upon by a jury of their peers -
8th amendment
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. -
10th amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. -
4th amendment
protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. -
6th amendment
The Sixth Amedment guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you.\ -
9th amendment
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. -
11th amendment
prohibits federal courts from hearing cases in which a state is sued by an individual from another state or another country. -
Marbury v. Madison
Congress does not have the power to pass laws that override the Constitution, such as by expanding the scope of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction. -
12th amendment
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President -
McCulloch v. Maryland
A case in which the Court decided that the Second Bank of the United States could not be taxed by the state of Maryland, -
Gibbons v. Ogden
forbade states from enacting any legislation that would interfere with Congress's right to regulate commerce among the separate states -
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
the Court ruled that the charter of the Charles River Bridge Company did not exclude the state of Massachusetts from chartering another bridge nearby -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
the Supreme Court held that former slaves did not have standing in federal courts because they lacked U.S. citizenship, even after they were freed. -
13th amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th amendment
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States -
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote. -
Munn v. Illinois
the Supreme Court held that former slaves did not have standing in federal courts because they lacked U.S. citizenship, even after they were freed. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine -
Lochner v. New York
the Court ruled that a New York state law setting maximum working hours for bakers violated the bakers' right to freedom of contract under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. -
16th amendment
allows Congress to levy a tax on income from any source without apportioning it among the states and without regard to the census. -
17th amendment
allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators -
Abrams v. United States
The First Amendment does not protect speech that is designed to undermine the United States in war by fueling sedition and disorder. -
18th amendment
prohibited the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors". -
19th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex -
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Mellon
A suit by an individual, as a past and future federal taxpayer, to restrain the enforcement of an act of Congress authorizing appropriations of public money -
Buck v. Bell
set a legal precedent that states may sterilize inmates of public institutions -
Near v. Minnesota
Prior restraints on speech are generally unconstitutional, such as when they forbid the publication of malicious, scandalous, and defamatory content. -
21st amendment
The 21st Amendment ended prohibition -
20th amendment
sets the inauguration date for new presidential terms and the date for new sessions of Congress. -
Wickard v. Filburn
An activity does not need to have a direct effect on interstate commerce to fall within the commerce power, as long as the effect is substantial and economic. -
22nd amendment
limits an elected president to two terms in office, a total of eight years. -
Brown v. Board of Education
the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional -
Mapp v. Ohio
the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that under the 4th and 14th Constitutional amendments, illegally seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial. -
23rd amendment
allows American citizens residing in the District of Columbia to vote for presidential electors, who in turn vote in the Electoral College for President and Vice President. -
Engel v. Vitale
, the Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
Equal protection requires that state legislative districts should be comprised of roughly equal populations if possible -
Reynold v. Sims
Equal protection requires that state legislative districts should be comprised of roughly equal populations if possible -
24th amendment
prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda was found guilty of kidnapping and rape and was sentenced to 20-30 years imprisonment on each count. -
Loving v. Virginia
the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits governments from discriminating against individuals on the basis of race. -
25th amendment
In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, -
Terry v. Ohio
the Court ruled that it is constitutional for American police to "stop and frisk" a person they reasonably suspect to be armed and involved in a crime. -
Brandenburg v. Ohio
the Supreme Court established that speech advocating illegal conduct is protected under the First Amendment unless the speech is likely to incite “imminent lawless action.” -
26th amendment
the right to vote to American citizens aged eighteen or older. -
27th amendment
prevents members of Congress from granting themselves pay raises during the current session -
bill of rights
The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
