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Jan 1, 1100
Arab mathematicians
Indian numerals have been modified by Arab mathematicians to form the modern Hindu-Arabic numeral system (used universally in the modern world) -
Jan 1, 1130
Al-Samawal
Al-Samawal gave a definition of algebra: “[it is concerned] with operating on unknowns using all the arithmetical tools, in the same way as the arithmetician operates on the known.” -
Jan 1, 1135
Sharafeddin Tusi
Sharafeddin Tusi followed al-Khayyam's application of algebra to geometry, and wrote a treatise on cubic equations which “represents an essential contribution to another algebra which aimed to study curves by means of equations, thus inaugurating the beginning of algebraic geometry.” -
Jan 1, 1202
Leonardo Fibonacci
Leonardo Fibonacci demonstrates the utility of Hindu-Arabic numerals in his Liber Abaci. -
Jan 1, 1247
Qin Jiushao
Qin Jiushao publishes Shùshū Jiǔzhāng (“Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections”). -
Jan 1, 1303
Zhu Shijie
Zhu Shijie publishes Precious Mirror of the Four Elements, which contains an ancient method of arranging binomial coefficients in a triangle. -
Jan 1, 1424
Ghiyath al-Kashi
Ghiyath al-Kashi computes π to sixteen decimal places using inscribed and circumscribed polygons. -
Jan 1, 1522
Adam Ries
He explained the use of Arabic digits and their advantages over Roman numerals. -
Jan 1, 1544
Michael Stifel
Michael Stifel publishes “Arithmetica integra”. -
Jan 1, 1572
Rafael Bombelli
Rafael Bombelli writes "Algebra" teatrise and uses imaginary numbers to solve cubic equations. -
Pierre de Fermat
Pierre de Fermat develops a rudimentary differential calculus. -
John Wallis
John Wallis writes Arithmetica Infinitorum -
Edmund Halley
Edmund Halley prepares the first mortality tables statistically relating death rate to age -
Christian Goldbach
Christian Goldbach conjectures that every even number greater than two can be expressed as the sum of two primes, now known as Goldbach's conjecture。 -
Jurij Vega
Jurij Vega improves Machin's formula and computes π to 140 decimal places, -
Bernard Bolzano
Bernard Bolzano presents the intermediate value theorem---a continuous function which is negative at one point and positive at another point must be zero for at least one point in between -
George Boole
George Boole formalizes symbolic logic in The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, defining what is now called Boolean algebra, -
Georg Cantor
Georg Cantor proves that the set of all real numbers is uncountably infinite but the set of all real algebraic numbers is countably infinite. His proof does not use his diagonal argument, which he published in 1891. -
Josip Plemelj
Josip Plemelj solves the Riemann problem about the existence of a differential equation with a given monodromic group and uses Sokhotsky – Plemelj formulae, -
Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov
Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov publishes his book Basic notions of the calculus of probability (Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung) which contains an axiomatization of probability based on measure theory -
Nicholas Metropolis
Nicholas Metropolis introduces the idea of thermodynamic simulated annealing algorithms -
Robert Langlands
Robert Langlands formulates the influential Langlands program of conjectures relating number theory and representation theory -
Andrew Wiles
Andrew Wiles proves part of the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture and thereby proves Fermat's Last Theorem -
Yitang Zhang
Yitang Zhang proves the first finite bound on gaps between prime numbers.
