-
Brown VS. Board of Education of Topeka
In the case Brown VS. Board of Education of Topeka the supreme court rules to end racial segregation in public schools as being a violation of the 14th amendment, it was unconstitutional. This historic decision marked the end of the "separate but equal" precedent. This meant that education would be instructed to all citizens equally, which eventually came to include students with disabilities. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
This act provided state federal money to states in order to improve opportunities for students who were disadvantaged. It represented a commitment by the federal government to “quality and equality” in education. This act also included children with disabilities as it was amended in 1966 to provide federal funding to expand programs for children with disabilities. -
Diana v. State Board of Education
This court case helped fix misclassifications of students in special education. It ruled all future students being assessed for special education needed to be tested in their primary language or use a nonverbal assessment. -
Pennsylvania Associate for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
In this court case the state granted to provide a free public education for children with mental retardation (FAPE). It was agreed that educational placement decisions must include a process of parental participation and a means to resolve disputes. This case provided equality to students with disabilities. -
Mills v. The Board of Education of the District of Columbia
This court case ruled that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". Since segregation was deemed unconstitutional, it also is unconstitutional to deny students with disabilities as education. It established due process procedures to ensure all students disabled or non-disabled equal protection under the law. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act: Public Law 94 - 142
This law stated that schools needed to put into place a procedure so parents of children with disabilities could dispute decisions within regarding their children's education. This act ensured a free and appropriate public education for all children with disabilities. -
Armstrong v. Kline
This court case ruled that children in children in special education were indeed began to regress during summer break and ruled
in favor to extended school year making extend school year available to children with disabilities. -
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley
This court case created a definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to have maximum support but enough to receive educational benefits.The Act requires all schools that accept federal funds to provide a “free appropriate public education” and also allows schools discretion in deciding what steps to take to accommodate all handicapped students. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This act was to ensure that all students will be able to demonstrate proficiency in math, reading, and science. It required states to create assessments in basic skills, in order to receive federal school funding states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels. This act also included students with special needs. -
Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
This act provides the benefits and services that are provided to children with disabilities. It underlines IDEA focuses on accountability, ensuring access to education, and better standards for special education.
