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Triangular slave trade (1450-1750)
The slave trade begun with Portuguese, and some Spanish traders taking African slaves to the American colonies they had conquered in the 15th century. British sailors became involved in the trade in the 16th century, and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) gave them the right to sell slaves in the Spanish Empire. In the 18th century, perhaps 6 million Africans were taken to Americas as slaves. Trade goods such as guns and brandy were taken to Africa to exchange for slaves. -
Treaty of Paris
The treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representives of King George III of Great Britian and representives of the United States of America, ended the American Revoluntionary War. The Continental Congress named a fire- member commision to negotiate a treaty- John Adam, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson and Henry Laurens. -
American Revolution
The American Revolution (1775-1783) is also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence. The conflict arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britian's 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which representded the British crown. France entered the American Revolution on the side of the colonists in 1778, turning what has essentially been a civil war into an international conflict. The British surrended at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781. -
Captain James Cook
James Cook was a navigator, surveyor and cartographer, who was the first to map the coastline of Newfoundland (1763-1766) and went onto make three famous voyages to the South Pacific. He was the first know European to circumnavigate New Zealand, navigate the eastern coast line of Australia, and make contact with the Hawaiian islands. While James Cook was staying at Hawaii during his third voyage (1776-1779), he was killed during an altercation with the islanders on 14th Febuary 1779. -
The First Fleet
On 13th May 1787, the fleet of 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. Led by Captain Arthur Phillip, this historic convoy which later became known as the First Fleet, carried officers, crew, marines and their families and convicts from Britian to a distant, little known island on the far side of the world known as Australia. The First Fleet consisted of two Royal Navy escort ships and HMS Sirius, plus the Alexander, Charlotte, Friendship, Lady Penrhyn, Prince of Wales and Scarborough. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution (1789- 1799) ended wirth the ascent of Napoleon Bonaaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country's political landscape, uprooting centuries- old institutions such as absoulte monarchy and the feudal system. King Louis XVI brought in a number of financial advisors. Each stated that France needed a radical change in the way it taxed the public. Louis XVI decided in1791 to convene the Estates General. -
Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution, which took place from the 18th to the 19th centuries, was a period during which rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the industrial revolution, which began in Britian in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done by people, using hand tools. While industrialication brought about an increase volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard of living for some, it left grim conditions for the poor. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franlin (January 17 1706- April 17 1790). One of the leading figures of early American history, Benjamin Franklin was a stateman, author, publisher, scientist, inventor and diplomat. Franklin was deeply active in his adopted city, where he helped launch a lending library, hospital and college and a garnered accloim for his expieriment with electiricity, among other projects. -
The War of 1812
In the war of 1812, the United States took on the greatest navel power in the world. Great Britian in a conflict that would have an immense impact on the country's future. Cause's of the war included; British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy's impressment and America's desire to expand it territory. The U.S. suffered many defeats over the course of the War, including the capture and buring of the nations capitial, Washington D.C., in Aug 1814. The Treaty of Ghent ended the War. -
Bennelong
Bennelong (1790- 3 January 1813), aboriginal, was captured in November 1709 and brought to the settlement at Sydney Cove by order of Governor Arthur Phillip. Arthur Phillip captured Bennelong in hope to learn from him and mre of the natives customs and language. In May he escaped, and no more was seen of him untill September when he was among a large assembly of natives at Manly. In 1791 a brick hut, 12 feet sq. was built for him on the eastern part of Syndey Cove now called Bennelong Point. -
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an effect by congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for addmission as a state slavery would be permitted. -
Myall Massacre
Late in the afternoone on Sunday 10th June 1838, a gang of eleven convict and exconvict stockmen led by a squatter, brutally slaughthered a group of some twwnty- eight Aboriginal men, women and children who were camped preacefully next to the station huts on the Myall Creek cattle station in northern New South Wales. It is so significant because it is the only time in Australian history that white men were arrested, charged and hanged for the massacre of Aboriginals. -
Womens Suffrage
Womens Suffrage (1848-1920). The movement for women's votes accelerated when Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvia founded the Women's Social and Policitical Union in 1903. Women's Sunday march in Hyde Park in June 1908, in which 250,000 people shouted "Votes for Women". In Feb 1918, the government passes an act giving women the vote if they were over the age of 30 and either owned a property or rented. As a result 8.5 million women became entitled to vote. -
Sir Edmund Barton
Sir Edmund Barton (January 18 1849- January 7 1920), federationist, first prime minister of Australia and judge.
Facts: -The Hansard record shows Barton spoke more than any other member in the first house of Represrentitives
-Second Australian to recieve the GCMG- the highest knighthood available in the Empire
- One of three Australian prime ministers to recieve Japan order of the rising sun, First Class. -
The Gold Rush
Edward Hammond Hargraves is credited with finding the first payable goldfields at Ophir, near Bathurst, New South Wales, on Febuary 12, 1851. News of the gold spread quickly around the world and in 1852 alone, 370,000 immigrants arrived in Australia. By 1871, the national population had trebled to 1.7 million. -
Eureka Stockade
The Eureka rebellion, often reffered to as the 'Eureka Stockade', is a key event in the development of Australian democracy and Australian identity. The rebellion came about because the goldfield workers opposed the government miners' licences. The licences were a way of taxing the diggers. On 30 Nov mass burning took place at a meeting on Bakery Hill. The authorities launched an attack on the stockade some weeks earlier. The diggeres were out numbered, 22 diggers and 5 troops were killed. -
Abraham Lincoln's Assassination
On April 14 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and confederate symathizer fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln at a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C. The attack came only five days after confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at Appomattox Court house, Virginia, effectively endinging the American Civil War. -
Invention of first telephone
In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both idependently designed devices that could transmit speech electricity (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. The telegraph and telephone are both wire- based electrical systems, and Alexander's success with the telephone came as a result to improve the telegraph. -
Truganini
Truganini (1812- May 8 1876), Tasmanian Aboriginal. Her tribe was disrupted by European sealers, whalers and timber-getters; by March 1829, when she and her father met G.A. Robinson at Bruny Island, her mother had been killed by ssailors. Her uncle shot by a soilder, her sister abducted by sealers, and Paraweena- a young man who was believed to have been he husband, mudered by timber-getters. Truganini was the last 100% full blood Tasmanian Aboriginal. -
Ned Kelly
Ned Kelly (Dec 18 1854- Nov 11 1880) killed police officers and was outlawed. Yet when he was sentenced to hang, more thann 30,000 people signed a petition asking for a repreieve. Yes he was a criminal, but he was a hero to Irish immigrants. It's claimed that most of the takings from his bank robberies went to help his supporters. A final violent confrontation between Ned Kelly gang and the Victorian police took place at Glenrowan. He was convicted of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. -
First Modern Olympics
On April 6 1896, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greeece with athletes from 14 countries participating. At the first modern Olympics, 241 male athletes (and no women) representing 14 nations competed in 43 events. America's James Connolly became the first modern Olympics champion when he won the triple jump. France, Great Britian, Germany and Greece had the largest number of athletes participating. Neverthless, the U.S. took home the most first-place finishes (11). -
Federatiom
Australia became an indepdent nation on January 1 1901. The British Parliment passed legislation allowing the six Australian colonies govern in their own right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia was established as a constitutional monarchy. The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six seperate British self- governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia formed one nation. -
First Powered Flight
On December 17 1903, Orville Wright piloted the first powered airplane 20 feet above a wind-swept beach in North Carolina. The flight lasted 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. Three more flights were made that day with Orvillie's brother Wilbur piolting the record flight lasting 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet. This had a hude imapct on modern life now as it changed the way trasport was. -
The Titanic
On April 10 1912, the Titanic largest ship afloat, left Southhampton, England on itsmaiden voyage to New York City. The boat was touted as the safest ship ever built, although it only carried 20 life boats, enough to only provide accomadation for only half of the 2,200 passangers and the Titanic was believed to be 'unsinkable'. Four days into the journey, at 11:40pm, it struck an iceberg, the collision caused icy water to pour into the ship. 705 out of 1522 passanges and crew survived. -
Assassination of Archuduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife
On 28 June 1914, Archuduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro- Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajeva by Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six assasins coordinated by Danilo Llio. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria- Hungary's South Slav provinces so they could combine into a Yugoslavia. The assassination led directly to the World War. -
World War I
World War I (July 28 1914- Nov 11 1918) was a global war centered in Europe that lasted untill 11 November 1918. More than 9 million combatants and 7 million civillians died as a result of the war. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history. Location of the war was in Europle, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China and off the coast of South and North America. Some events leading to World War I included: Triple Alliance 1882, Bosnian Crisis 1908-09 and Entente cordiale 1904. -
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution (Mar 8 1917- Nov 7 1917). In March, growing civil unrest, coupled with chronic food shortages, erupted into open revolt, forcing the abdicication of Nicholas II (1868-1918). By 1917 the bond between the tsar and most of the Russian people had been broken. The Russian Revolution took place during the final phase of World War I. It removed Russia from war and brough about the transformationof the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Rebublics.
