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Election of 1808
James Madison, the Democratic-Republican candidate, decisively defeated Federalist Pinckney in the election. He was previously the Secretary of State under Jefferson, a widely admired president, which helped in Madison's running; the increasing unpopularity of Federalists also played a role as well. -
Non-Intercourse Act
The act was passed after the repeal of the Embargo Act, allowing exports/ trade with all nations except France and Britain. It did little to improve the economic situation, and as a result was quickly replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2. -
Extreme Western Land Expansion
Madison was able to acquire land in the extreme western areas beyond the original Louisiana Territory without a reaction from Spain. This heightened war fever, as well as American arrogance towards expansion (believing that they would also obtain Florida and Canada in the event of war). -
War Declaration
Pressured by the War Hawks as well as continued Impressment, Madison asked Congress to declare war on Britain. Additional motives include a desire for further expansion (especially into Florida and Canada), and upholding American honor (supposedly threatened by the British). -
Reelection of 1812
Madison won the election of 1812 against the unpopular Federalist Clinton. This mainly due to the war, as Madison was supported by people on both sides of the matter (especially those in favor). The continuously decreasing favor of the Federalist party also contributed to Madison's victory. -
Appointment of Oliver Perry
Due to British threats on communication and the necessity of recapturing Detroit, Oliver Hazard Perry was appointed to build a fleet to challenge the British squadron in control. An American naval commander best known for his role in the bloody Battle of Lake Erie, Perry he led the Americans to victory against the British, gaining both control of the lake and of Detroit. -
Burning of Washington D.C.
Madison was forced to flee from the White House when British troops invaded and burned many of the city's buildings. This was the height of British success, and was followed by events at Fort McHenry (an American victory). -
Commission of Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent (commissioned by Madison) was signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium; after much negotiation, status quo ante bellum was agreed upon (and later ratified by Congress). This officially ended the War of 1812 and eliminated tensions between Britan and America. -
Creation of the Second Bank of the United States
The Second National Bank was based on its predecessor created by Alexander Hamilton. It was chartered by James Madison, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and had the similar roles to the First Bank, such as issuing notes. However, in spite of its greater size, it was poorly managed and therefore inefficient. -
Era of Good Feelings
The era consisted of the final years of Madison's presidency (and the beginning of Monroe's) after the American victory in the War of 1812. This period was one of prosperity, peace, one political party (Republicans), and population growth.
