-
Cheif Justice John Marshall
Big Cases:
Marbury v. Madison
Fletcher v. Peck
McCulloch v. Maryland
Cohens v. Virginia
Gibbons v. Ogden
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
His influence to established that the US Supreme Court would have the power to review state courts, state laws, and even federal laws to determine if they were constitutional or not -
Delaware
Bird: Blue Hen Chicken
Capital City: Dover
Constitution: Delaware's Constitution, 1st State
Population: 925,749 -
Pennsylvania
Population (2013): 12,773,801; Rank: 6 of 50
Area Codes: 215, 267, 412, 484, 570, 610, 717, 724, 814, 878
Bird: Ruffled Grouse
Capital City: Harrisburg
Constitution: Pennsylvania's Constitution, 2nd State -
New Jersey
Population (2013): 8,899,339; Rank: 11 of 50
Area Codes: 201, 551, 609, 732, 848, 856, 862, 908, 973
Bird: Eastern Goldfinch
Capital City: Trenton
Constitution: New Jersey"s Constitution, 3rd State -
Georgia
Population (2013): 9,992,167; Rank: 8 of 50
Area Codes: 229, 404, 470, 478, 678, 706, 762, 770, 912
Bird: Brown Thrasher
Capital City: Atlanta
Constitution: Georgia's Constitution, 4th State -
Connecticut
Area Codes: 203, 475, 860
Bird: Robin
Constitution: Connecticut's Constitution, 5th State
Capital City: Hartford
Nickname: Constitution State
Population (2013): 3,596,080; Rank: 29 of 50 -
Massachusetts
Constitution: Massachusetts's Constitution, 6th State
Capital City: Boston
Nickname: Bay State
Population (2013): 6,692,824; Rank: 14 of 50
Area Codes: 339, 351, 413, 508, 617, 774, 781, 857, 978
Bird: Chickadee -
Maryland
Constitution: Maryland's Constitution, 7th State
Capital City: Annapolis
Nickname: Old Line State
Population (2013): 5,928,814; Rank: 19 of 50
Area Codes: 240, 301, 410, 443
Bird: Baltimore Oriole -
South Carolina
Constitution: South Carolina's Constitution, 8th State
Capital City: Columbia
Nickname: Palmetto State
Population (2013): 4,774,839; Rank: 24 of 50
Area Codes: 803, 843, 864
Bird: Great Carolina Wren -
New Hampshire
Constitution: New Hampshire's Constitution, 9th State
Capital City: Concord
Nickname: Granite State
Population (2013): 1,323,459; Rank: 42 of 50
Bird: Purple Finch -
Virginia
Constitution: Virginia's Constitution, 10th State
Capital City: Richmond
Nickname: Old Dominion State
Population (2013): 8,260,405; Rank: 12 of 50
Area Codes: 276, 434, 540, 571, 703, 757, 804
Bird: Cardinal -
New York
Constitution: New York's Constitution, 11th State
Capital City: Albany
Nickname: Empire State
Population (2013): 19,651,127; Rank: 3 of 50
Area Codes: 212, 315, 347, 516, 518, 585, 607, 631, 646, 716, 718, 845, 914, 917, 929
Bird: Bluebird -
Period: to
George Washignton
Washington was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental army in 1783. -
North Carolina
Constitution: North Carolina's Constitution, 12th State
Capital City: Raleigh
Nickname: Old North State / Tar Heel State
Population (2013): 9,848,060; Rank: 10 of 50
Area Codes: 252, 336, 704, 828, 910, 919, 980
Bird: Cardinal -
Rhode Island
Constitution: Rhode Island's Constitution, 13th State
Capital City: Providence
Nickname: The Ocean State
Population (2013): 1,051,511; Rank: 43 of 50
Bird: Rhode Island Red -
Vermont
Constitution: Vermont's Constitution, 14th State
Capital City: Montpelier
Nickname: Green Mountain State
Population (2013): 626,630; Rank: 49 of 50
Bird: Hermit Thrush -
Kentucky
Constitution: Kentucky's Constitution, 15th State
Capital City: Frankfort
Nickname: Bluegrass State
Population (2013): 4,395,295; Rank: 26 of 50
Area Codes: 270, 502, 606, 859
Bird: Cardinal -
Tennessee
Constitution: Tennessee Constitution, 16th State
Capital City: Nashville
Nickname: Volunteer State
Population (2013): 6,495,978; Rank: 17 of 50
Area Codes: 423, 615, 731, 865, 901, 931
Bird: Mockingbird -
Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington's Farewell Address (as this message came to be known) was "the continuance of the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire," based on Washington's long-held conviction that the Union, and the common interests and principles it embodies, are critical to America's success. -
Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth is best known for her extemporaneous speech on racial inequalities, "Ain't I a Woman?" delivered at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in 1851.
Born in New York circa 1797.
Shortly after her escape, Truth learned that her son Peter, then 5 years old,had been illegally sold to a man in Alabama. She took the issue to court and eventually secured Peter's return from the South.The case was one of the first in which a black woman successfully challenged a white man in a United States. -
Period: to
John Adams
John Adams' greatest accomplishments include becoming the first Vice President and the second President of the United States as well as establishing many of the basic ideas and principles that made up the U.S. Constitution. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills that were passed by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798, the result of the French Revolution and during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. -
Period: to
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson was responsible for writing the first draft of the Constitution. -
Marbury v. Madison
The case began on March 2, 1801, when an obscure Federalist, William Marbury, was designated as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia. Marbury and several others were appointed to government posts created by Congress in the last days of John Adams's presidency, but these last-minute appointments were never fully finalized. The disgruntled appointees invoked an act of Congress and sued for their jobs in the Supreme Court.
4 votes for Madison, 0 vote(s) against -
Ohio
Constitution: Ohio's Constitution, 17th State
Capital City: Columbus
Nickname: Buckeye State
Population (2013): 11,570,808; Rank: 7 of 50
Area Codes: 216, 234, 330, 419, 440, 513, 567, 614, 740, 937
Bird: Cardinal -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase encompassed 530,000,000 acres of territory in North America that the United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million. -
Lewis & Clark
William Clark and the Corps of Discovery left Camp River Dubois, and were joined by Meriwether Lewis in St. Charles, Missouri, a week later. The party numbered more than 45, mostly young, unmarried soldiers. The civilians
who made the journey were primarily the guides and interpreters. Among the more well-known were Sacagawea, her husband Toussaint Charbonneau, their newborn son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau ("Little Pompey"), William Clark's black slave York, and an interpreter named George Droui -
Period: to
James Madison
Madison made a major part of the ratification of the Constitution by writing the Federalist Papers. -
Louisiana
Constitution: Louisiana's Constitution, 18th State
Capital City: Baton Rouge
Nickname: Pelican State
Population (2013): 4,625,470; Rank: 25 of 50
Area Codes: 225, 318, 337, 504, 985
Bird: Eastern Brown Pelican -
War of 1812
The United States declared war against Great Britain in reaction to three issues: the British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier.
June 1, 1812- December 24, 1814 -
Trail of Tears
As part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. -
Indiana
Constitution: Indiana's Constitution, 19th State
Capital City: Indianapolis
Nickname: Hoosier State
Population (2013): 6,570,902; Rank: 16 of 50
Area Codes: 219, 260, 317, 574, 765, 812
Bird: Cardinal -
Period: to
James Monroe
Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise in 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state, and Maine as a free state. -
Mississippi
Constitution: Mississippi's Constitution, 20th State
Capital City: Jackson
Nickname: Magnolia State
Population (2013): 2,991,207; Rank: 31 of 50
Area Codes: 228, 601, 662, 769
Bird: Mockingbird -
Illinois
Constitution: Illinois's Constitution, 21st State
Capital City: Springfield
Nickname: Prairie State
Population (2013): 12,882,135; Rank: 5 of 50
Area Codes: 217, 224, 309, 312, 331, 618, 630, 708, 773, 779, 815, 847, 872
Bird: Cardinal -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
In 1816, the New Hampshire legislature attempted to change Dartmouth College-- a privately funded institution--into a state university.
Question
Did the New Hampshire legislature unconstitutionally interfere with Dartmouth College's rights under the Contract Clause?
Decision: 5 votes for Dartmouth College, 1 vote(s) against -
Transcontinental Treaty
Transcontinental Treaty, also called Adams-Onís Treaty or Purchase of Florida, (1819) accord between the United States and Spain that divided their North American claims along a line from the southeastern corner of what is now Louisiana, north and west to what is now Wyoming. -
McCullouch v. Maryland
In 1816, Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax.
The case presented two questions: Did Congress have the authority to establish the bank? Did the Maryland law unconstitutionally interfere with congressional powers?
Decision: 7 votes for McCulloch, 0 vote(s) against -
Alabama
Constitution: Alabama's Constitution, 22nd State
Capital City: Montgomery
Nickname: Yellowhammer State
Population (2013): 4,833,722; Rank: 23 of 50
Area Codes: 205, 251, 256, 334, 938
Bird: Yellow Hammer -
Horace Mann’s campaign for free compulsory public education.
Horace Mann became the catalyst for tuition-free public education and established the concept of state-sponsored free schools. The zeal with which Mann executed his plan for free schools was in keeping with the intellectual climate of Boston in the early days of the republic. The Mann contribution, state government sponsored education unfettered by sectarian control, made possible a democratic society rather than a government by elites. -
Missouri Compromise
Congress passed a bill granting Missouri statehood as a slave state under the condition that slavery was to be forever prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36th parallel, which runs approximately along the southern border of Missouri. In addition, Maine, formerly part of Massachusetts, was admitted as a free state, then preserving the balance between Northern and Southern senators. -
Maine
Constitution: Maine's Constitution, 23rd State
Capital City: Augusta
Nickname: Pine Tree State
Population (2013): 1,328,302; Rank: 41 of 50
Bird: Chickadee -
Missouri
Constitution: Missouri's Constitution, 24th State
Capital City: Jefferson City
Nickname: Show Me State
Population (2013): 6,044,171; Rank: 18 of 50
Area Codes: 314, 417, 573, 636, 660, 816
Bird: Bluebird -
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe our 5th President gave the speech.
The Monroe Doctrine was declared in a few paragraphs of President James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
A New York state law gave to individuals the exclusive right to operate steamboats on waters within state jurisdiction.
Question
Did the State of New York exercise authority in a realm reserved exclusively to Congress, namely, the regulation of interstate commerce?
Decision: 6 votes for Gibbons, 0 vote(s) against -
Period: to
John Quincy Adams
JQA helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent (1814), which ended the war of 1812. -
Abolitionist Movement
The goal of the abolitionist movement was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation. Advocating for immediate emancipation distinguished abolitionists from more moderate anti-slavery advocates who argued for gradual emancipation, and from free-soil activists who sought to restrict slavery to existing areas and prevent its spread further west.
Leaders: Federick Douglass, Sojouner Truth, William Garrison. -
Period: to
Andrew Jackson
He was a first-generation American, the son of Irish immigrants. He worked hard to advance socially and politically. His actions during the War of 1812 especially his overwhelming victory against British troops at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. -
William Lloyd Garrison
Born: December 12, 1805, Newburyport, MA
Died: May 24, 1879, New York City, NY.
When he was 25, Garrison joined the Abolition movement acting as a jounalist. -
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Nat Turner's Rebellion (also known as the Southampton Insurrection) was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, during August 1831. Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55 to 65 people, the highest number of fatalities caused by any slave uprising in the American South.Turner and 16 of his conspirators were captured and executed. -
Arkansas
Constitution: Arkansas's Constitution, 25th State
Capital City: Little Rock
Nickname: The Natural State
Population (2013): 2,959,373; Rank: 32 of 50
Area Codes: 479, 501, 870
Bird: Mockingbird -
Michigan
Constitution: Michigan's Constitution, 26th State
Capital City: Lansing
Nickname: Wolverine State / Great Lakes State
Population (2013): 9,895,622; Rank: 9 of 50
Area Codes: 231, 248, 269, 313, 517, 586, 616, 734, 810, 906, 947, 989
Bird: Robin -
Period: to
Martin Van Buren
He was both a Vice President and Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson , and he was a major player in the development, and growth, and success of the Democratic Party in the 1830s. -
Period: to
William Henry Harrison
Former war of 1812 hero Harrison became the ninth president of the United States. -
Period: to
John Tyler
At twelve, he entered the College of William and Mary Preparatory School. He graduated from the College proper in 1807. -
Florida
Constitution: Florida's Constitution, 27th State
Capital City: Tallahassee
Nickname: Sunshine State
Population (2013): 19,552,860; Rank: 4 of 50
Area Codes: 239, 305, 321, 352, 386, 407, 561, 727, 754, 772, 786, 813, 850, 863, 904, 941, 954
Bird: Mockingbird -
Period: to
James K. Polk
James K. Polk was the 11th President of the United States, serving four years from 1845 to 1849. He led the nation to war with Mexico and acquired large amounts of territory during his term in office. -
Texas
Constitution: Texas's Constitution, 28th State
Capital City: Austin
Nickname: Lone Star State
Population (2013): 26,448,193; Rank: 2 of 50
Area Codes: 210, 214, 254, 281, 325, 361, 409, 430, 432, 469, 512, 682, 713, 806, 817, 830, 832, 903, 915, 936, 940, 956, 972, 979
Bird: Mockingbird -
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War Begins. On April 25, 1846, Mexican cavalry attacked a group of U.S. soldiers in the disputed zone under the command of General Zachary Taylor, killing about a dozen. They then laid siege to an American fort along the Rio Grande. -
Iowa
Constitution: Iowa's Constitution, 29th State
Capital City: Des Moines
Nickname: Hawkeye State
Population (2013): 3,090,416; Rank: 30 of 50
Area Codes: 319, 515, 563, 641, 712
Bird: Eastern Goldfinch -
Wisconsin
Constitution: Wisconsin's Constitution, 30th State
Capital City: Madison
Nickname: Badger State
Population (2013): 5,742,713; Rank: 20 of 50
Area Codes: 262, 414, 608, 715, 920
Bird: Robin -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony was an American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17.
Born: February 15, 1820, Adams, MA
Died: March 13, 1906, Rochester, NY -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.
Born: November 12, 1815, Johnstown, NY
Died: October 26, 1902, New York City, NY -
Seneca Falls Resolution
The Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances then detailed the injustices inflicted upon women in the United States and called upon U.S. women to organize and petition for their rights. -
Seneca Falls Convention
After a lengthy debate, in which Douglass sided with Stanton in arguing the importance of female enfranchisement, the resolution was passed -
Period: to
Zachary Taylor
National war hero in the Mexican war. -
Period: to
Millard Fillmore
President Fillmore is most remembered for signing the Compromise of 1850, which included a stricter fugitive slave law. -
California
Constitution: California's Constitution, 31st State
Capital City: Sacramento
Nickname: Golden State
Population (2013): 38,332,521; Rank: 1 of 50
Area Codes: 209, 213, 310, 323, 408, 415, 424, 442, 510, 530, 559, 562, 619, 626, 650, 657, 661, 707, 714, 747, 760, 805, 818, 831, 858, 909, 916, 925, 949, 951
Bird: California Valley Quail -
Frederick Douglass
Born: February 1818, Talbot County, MD
Died: February 20, 1895, Washington, D.C.
“What to a Slave is the 4th of July?”: July 5, 1852
Leader of the Abolitionist Movement. -
Period: to
Franklin Pierce
Served in the Mexican war. -
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
After Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery, she returned to slave-holding states many times to help other slaves escape. She led them safely to the northern free states and to Canada.
Started the acts in 1853. -
Period: to
James Buchanan
Serving as president during the run-up to the Civil War, Buchanan's inability to halt the southern states' drive toward secession has led most historians to consider his presidency a failure. -
Dred Scott vs Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. From 1833 to 1843, he resided in Illinois (a free state) and in an area of the Louisiana Territory, where slavery was forbidden by the Missouri Compromise of 1820. After returning to Missouri, Scott sued unsuccessfully in the Missouri courts for his freedom, claiming that his residence in free territory made him a free man. Scott then brought a new suit in federal court.
Question
Was Dred Scott free or a slave?
Decision: 7 votes for Sandford, 2 vote(s) aga -
Minnesota
Constitution: Minnesota's Constitution, 32nd State
Capital City: Saint Paul
Nickname: North Star State / Land of 10,000 Lakes
Population (2013): 5,420,380; Rank: 21 of 50
Area Codes: 218, 320, 507, 612, 651, 763, 952
Bird: Common Loon -
Oregon
Constitution: Oregon's Constitution, 33rd State
Capital City: Salem
Nickname: Beaver State
Population (2013): 3,930,065; Rank: 27 of 50
Area Codes: 458, 503, 541, 971
Bird: Western Meadowlark -
Period: to
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln is famous for the Gettysburg Address, abolishing slavery and being one of the four presidents who have been assassinated. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny is a term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. -
Whiskey Rebellion
In July of 1794, a force of disaffected whiskey rebels attacked and destroyed the home of a tax inspector. The rebellion grew in numbers, if not in actions, and threatened to spread to other states. The significance of the Whiskey Rebellion was to take the power the government was trying to take from the citizens back.
