History of Special Education and Inclusive Education

  • American School for Deaf

    American School for Deaf
    This school was founded in 1817. Originally, special education programs were only provided within the asylums. Towards the end of the 19th century, special education programs were brought to regular public schools in major cities.
    https://www.asd-1817.org/
  • Brown vs. Board of Education

    Brown vs. Board of Education
    The Supreme Court Unanimously ruled it was unconstitutional for racial segregation in public schools. A black third grader was turned away from enrollment in a white school. Her father Oliver Brown took this case to court, along with NAACP, and parents of other black students.
    https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/brown-v-board-of-education
  • Elementary and Secondary Education Act

    Elementary and Secondary Education Act
    This law was passed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It was a law that focused on providing better resources to schools for low-income students. It provided Title 1 funding, Equal opportunity, Revisions, and Reauthorizations.
    https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/
  • The Rehabilitation Act

    The Rehabilitation Act
    The Rehabilitation Act (1973) is a law that prevents individuals with disabilities to be discriminated against. This law made it easier for laws that came later such as, the Americans with Disabilities Act. This ACT ensures inclusion and promotes accessibility in public places, services, employment, and education.
  • The Education For All Handicapped Children Act

    The Education For All Handicapped Children Act
    This Act is also known as the Public Law 94-142. This law provides better educational services in the public schools for students in need of special education. It provides free and appropriate public education, least restrictive environment, offer individualized education programs, as well as parental rights and involvement.
  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    Americans with Disabilities Act
    This ACT protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination. It was out in law in 1990 and requires employers to accommodate disabled individuals. Public transportation must also ensure accommodations are made.
    https://www.ada.gov/
  • No Child Left Behind

    No Child Left Behind
    No Child Left Behind Act(NCLB) was signed into law by former President George W. Bush in 2002. This law put standardized testing into place. All 3rd-8th graders had to take math and reading tests. Results were reported. If schools missed passing achievement standards, there would be state intervention.
    https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/no-child-left-behind-an-overview/2015/04
  • IDEA

    IDEA
    IDEA stands for Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This law ensures children with disabilities have the same opportunity to a free and appropriate education. The ages that are protected: 3-21 years of age.
    https://ncbegin.org/policy/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-2004.html
  • Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), 2015

    Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), 2015
    Every Student Succeeds Act(ESSA) was signed into
    effect by former President Barak Obama on December 10, 2015. This law holds all schools accountable for what is being taught to students. ESSA gives funding to aid in literacy programs and other programs that provide better teaching innovations. https://www.everystudentsucceedsact.org/ https://youtu.be/zWQGmU-J80Q?si=-lWKGYehCMdCHnUX
  • Full Funding Act

    Full Funding Act
    This concept was introduced in Senate in 2023. This federal funding improved support for students with disabilities. The Full Funding Act fulfills Congress's vow to take care of 40 percent of costs tied to students with disabilities.
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2217