ESS

By Carl S.

  • DDT Date of Usage, after Pearl Harbor

    After the bombing of pearl harbor, the US military had rushed DDT to the battle zones in an effort to protect american soldiers from an insect borne disease called typhus, which is spread by lice and if left untreated can kill.

  • when did Rachel Carson warn The US (and the world) about DDT

    DDT had the potential to cause collateral damage to wildlife.
    Biologists and chemists later acknowledged her claims and that there may be problems with DDT. such as death of fish and other wildlife, but the Readers Digest didn't like what she said about it, even though it had been proven to be of massive damage to wildlife.

  • Minamata Bay

    A small factory town in Japan dominated by one factory, the Chisso factory.
    -makes petrochemical based substances from fertilizers to plastics.Wast water containing methylmercury from this process was released into Minamata Bay.
    Estimated 24 tonnes of mercury and methylmercury was released into the bay between 1932 to 1968.
    BEGINNING OF 1950'S , thousands of people suffered from mercury poisoning.

  • MINIMATA SUMMARIZED 1

    1908: Chisso company opened. Chemical company for nitrogenous fertilizers.
    1956 : Refrigerator, washing machine, television----> Chemical waste
    1957: cause of Minamata disease: poisoning from methylmercury from food.
    1962: Linked the chemical industry with methylmercury poisoning.
    1968: Japan's GNP 2nd world, Chisso stopped dumping mercury into the bay.
    1997: Water in Minamata bay is clean

  • When Rachel Carson published The Silent Spring

    When Rachel Carson published The Silent Spring
    September 27, 1962

  • EIA

    EIA
    -a report prepared before a development project to change the use of land.
    -often a part of the planning process that governments of large developments.
    -evidence in the decision of any new development.
    Where:
    In 1969, the US government passed the National Environmental Policy Act
    NEED?
    -Identifying impacts,predicting the scale of potential impacts and Mitigation
    Weaknesess?
    -Different countries = different EIA's
    -hard to determine where the boundary of the investigation should be.

  • DDT and malaria

    in 1970- the World Health Organization banned the use of DDT, A persistant organchlorine insecticide.
    It is believed that malaria kills 2.7 million people per year
    Manafucture and use of DDT was banned in the US in 1972, on the advice of the US environmental protection agency.
    .

  • US ban of DDT

    the use of DDT is still permitted in small quantities in countries that need it, with support mobilized for the transition to safer and more effective alternatives. -canceled in 1972 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

  • Montreal Protocol

    Organized by the UNEP (United Nationans Environmental Program) over 30 countries agree to cut CFC emissions by half by 2000.

  • MINIMATA SUMMARIZED 2

    2002: 1st UNEP report:issues related to mercury
    2009:legally binding document is deeded
    2013: minamata convention is established
    2017: COP1(50+countries signed)
    2018: COP2 waste, transport, labour, WHO etc (100+partners and 78 ratifiations)

  • MDG established (Millennium Development Goals)

    Established in 2005 at the UN summit in NY.
    A document with three chapter was published: Freedom from Want (Was the chapter that had the 8 MDGs), Freedom from fear, freedom to live in dignity (Based on the 4 freedoms identified by former US president Franklin Roosevelt.

  • Predesignated MDGs

    2015 UN Summit in NY redesigned the MDGs into the 17 SDGs, document published is called Agenda for Sustainable Development, target 2030 (document is sometimes referred to Agenda 2030)

  • MDG came into effect 2016

    Came into effect in 2016, target year 2030