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Period: to
(ITALY) Cavour works to mold Sardinia into a liberal constitutional state capable of leading northern Italy
Bismarck creates highways and railroads, stands for civil liberties, and opposes clerical priveleges.
These reforms increase support for Sardinia in northern Italy. -
(ITALY) Cavour makes secret alliance with Napoleon III against Austria
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Period: to
(ITALY) Italy's War with Austria
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Period: to
(ITALY) Central Italy's Revolution
Pro-Sardinian nationalists in central Italian states topple their ruling princes, then call for fusion with Sardinia -
(ITALY) Napoleon III's Peace with Austrians, Cavour Briefly Resigns
Sardinia only recieves Lombardy from Austria. Cavour resigns in a rage. -
(ITALY) Cavour comes back, central Italy joins Sardinia in a plebiscite vote
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Period: to
(iTALY) Garibaldi conquers Sicily
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(ITALY) Cavour prevents Garibaldi from invading Rome
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(ITALY) People in Sicily vote to join Sardinia. Italy is born.
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(GERMANY) William I tres to raise taxes to expand army, but liberal Parliament blocks him
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(GERMANY) Bismarck becomes chief minister, gov't starts to rule without Parliament
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Period: to
(GERMANY) Austria and Prussia beat Denmark in war over Danish provinces in German Confed.
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Period: to
(GERMANY) Austro-Prussian War
Aftermath: Existing German Confed, dissolved. Austria agrees to withdraw from German affairs. Prussia conquers several small states in northern Germany and forms North German Confederation. -
Period: to
(GERMANY) Franco-Prussian War
By the time of the Prussian victory, south German states had agreed to join a new German Empire.