-
Noam Chomsky
Claims that language is divided into two concepts: competence and performance.
Introduces Universal grammar and acquisition device -
Dell Hathaway Hymes - Linguis, Sociologist, Antropologist, Folklorist
Agreed with Chomsky, but deepens in the social context and its importance on the language.
Proposed the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. model. -
Michael Halliday - Linguist, Researcher, Philosopher, Pedagogue
Considering Chomsky´s and Hymes´s contributions to the field, he focuses on the intention of the laguage (what for), or Hymes´s End. Coining the Linguistic Functions. -
Michael Canale & Merrill Swain - Researchers and Schoolars
Taking all the previous advances, they gave the communicative competence a structure considering all the constructions made so far, organizing it in four subcategories -
Henry Widdowson - Linguist
Categorizes the communicative competence into competence and capacity.
Stablishing concepts as:
1- Use: To know how to use the language in each context.
-Usage: related to Chomsky's competence (Universal Grammar).
2-Dennotation: The actual meaning of a word (definition from the dictionary).
-Connotation: The meaning of a word depending on the sociocultural context.
3- Accuracy: Proper use of language.
-Appropriateness: It is the appropriate use of the grammar . -
Lyle Bachman and Adrian Palmer- Researchers, Scholars.
They extracted two concepts: Organizational Knowledge and Pragmatical Knowledge.
Organizational Knowledge it's defined into two components: Grammatical Knowledge and Textual Knowledge.
Pragmatical Knowledge: This component it's divided between the Functional Knowledge (Halliday, 7 Functions) and Sociolinguistic Knowledge.
