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King Charles gets married
King Charles I married Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV of France at St Augustine's Church, Canterbury, Kent. The marriage was not popular because she was a Catholic. -
King Charles' third Parliament assembled
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Charles I dissolves parliament and begins 11 years of personal rule
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Charles was crowned King of Scotland
Charles was crowned King of Scotland at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh. -
First meeting of the Short Parliament
After 11 years of attempting Personal Rule (1629-1640), Charles recalled Parliament in 1640 on the advice of Lord Wentworth, recently created Earl of Strafford. He was forced to call the Short Parliament primarily to obtain money to finance his military struggle with Scotland in the Bishops' Wars. Like its predecessors, the new parliament had greater interest in redressing perceived grievances occasioned by the royal administration than in voting the King funds to pursue his war against the Scot -
The English Civil War starts
A series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers) -
Royalists lose at the Battle of Marston Moor
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King Charles I was executed by the Parliament
England was after ruled by the Lord High Protector, Oliver Cromwell and Parliament.
This period is called the Interregnum -
Dismissing Rump Parliament
Oliver Cromwell dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as the Barebones Parliament, before being invited by his fellow leaders to rule as Lord Protector of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland from 16 December 1653. As a ruler he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy. After his death in 1658 he was buried in Westminster Abbey, but after the Royalists returned to power in 1660 they had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and behea -
Period: to
Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector
During this time Cromwell was 1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was proceded by Council of State nad seucceeded by Richard Cromwell -
Richard Cromwell forced to reinstate the Rump Parliament.
These direct affronts to military prestige were too much for the army grandees to bear and set in motion the final split between the civilian-dominated Parliament and the army, which would culminate in the dissolution of Parliament and Richard Cromwell's ultimate fall from power. When Richard refused a demand by the army to dissolve Parliament, troops were assembled at St. James's Palace. Richard eventually gave in to their demands and on 22 April, Parliament was dissolved and the Rump Parliamen -
The Restoration starts
The Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The term Restoration is used to describe both the actual event by which the monarchy was restored, and the period of several years afterwards in which a new political settlement was established -
Declaration of Breda
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda, in which he made several promises in relation to the reclamation of the crown of England. -
Charles II returns to England from exile
He arrived in London to great cheering and joy on his 30th birthday. All legal documents were dated as if Charles had succeeded his father as king in 1649. He is probably best known as a ladies’ man.
