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Child Development
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Capacities
Newborns have the ability at birth to see, hear, smell, and respond, to the environment, This allows them to adapt to the new world around them. Pshchlogists have found that birth puts staggering new demands on a baby's capacity to adapt and survive. -
Rooting Reflex
If an alert newborn was touched anywhere on the mouth, he or she will move there head and mouth towards the source of the touch. -
Grasping Reflex
Grasping reflex is a response to a touch on the palm of the hand. Infants can grasp an object, such as fingers, so strongly that they can be lifted into the air. -
Perceptual Development
Besides grasping and sucking, newborns look at their bodies and at there sourroundings. -
Robert Franz (Perceptual Development)
Robert Franz showed infants different faces and discoverd that they prefer looking at human faces and patterned materials the most. -
Gibson and Walk
The two experimenters devised the visual cliff to determine whether infants had depth perception. The visual cliff platform, part of which has a checkerboard pattern. The other part consist of a sheet of glass with the checkerboard a few feet below it. -
Maturation
Pshcylogist can internally programmed growth maturation. Maturation is as important as learning or experience, especially in the first year. ( Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. -
The Language of Development
Some psychologist argue that language is reinforced behavior, while others claim it is born. Some people claim there is a critical period, or a window of opportunity, for learning a language. -
The Development of Language
A child begins to think, to represent things to himself before he is able to speak. The acquision of language, however, propels the child into further intelable development. We have been able to learn a good deal about the acquisition of language and animals. -
Physical Development
Infants on average weigh 7.3 pounds at birth. Some infants weigh as much as 20 to 25 pounds by the end of the first year. At birth 95 % of infants are between 5.5 and 10 pounds and are 18 to 22 inches in length. -
Physical Development
At 2 months old a baby can raise its head to 45 degrees.
At 2.8 months the baby will be able to roll over.
At 4 months that baby can sit with support.
At 5.5 months the baby can sit with out support.
At 7.6 months the babe should be able to pull self to standing position.
At 9.2 months the baby should be able to walk holding on the furniture.
At 10 months the baby should be able to creep.
At 11.5 months the baby should be able to stand alone.
At 12.1 months the baby should be able to walk. -
The Flowering of Language
1 Year - Babbling begins and increases; by year ends, infant masters sounding of own language and usually says his or her first word.
2 years - infant will progress to saying dozens of words; begins to speak in paired words; to ask a question, child issues a declaration in a rising tone; to negate something, child uses nouns with a negative word. -
The Flowering of Language
3 year - Child acqires more grammerical knowledge; says appropiate sentences; uses simple declaratives; produces correct negative sentences; average size of vocabulary is about 5,000 words.
4 years - Child uses more grammatical rules and future tense; asks questions in adult form; average vocabulary 9,000 words.
5 years - Child uses more complex clauses; joins two or more ideas in one sentence; has problems with noun/ verb agreement.