-
Period: to
French & Indian War
War between Great Britain and France. Great Britan won Canada and the Ohio River valley, but is broke and in debt. -
Stamp act
Tax on paper -
Stamp Act Repealed
No more Stamp Act -
Townsend Acts
Taxes on Paper, Fancy Plates, Lead, and glass. Funds governors pay -
Boston Massacre
5 colonists die from British fire -
Tea Act
A law passed so the East India Tea Company has a monopoly on tea. -
Boston Tea Party
Colonists Disguised themselves as Indians and threw 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston harbor. -
American Crisis
Who: Thomas Paine
What: Pamphlet of encouragement
Where: American States
Why: Support American cause "These are the times that try men's souls." -
Intolerable Acts
Punishing Boston for the tea party. Closing ports, forced colonist to quarter troops in their houses. -
Continental congress
A meeting of leaders decided what to do to respond to the British acts. Not buying or selling anything from British. -
Period: to
Canada Invasion
American colonists attacked Montreal and Quebec City. It did not go well for the Americans. -
Period: to
Guns of Ticonderoga
Who: Henry Knox
What: Move 58 cannons - weigh 60 tons, 120,000 pounds
Where: Upstate New York to Boston
Why: The army needs cannons in Boston -
Give me liberty or give me death
who: Patrick henry
What: Speech
when: Vergina
why: Support Boston, rebellion?
Last line: "Gentlemen may cry peace! peace ' but there is no peace ... as for me, give me liberty, or give me death" -
The Shot Heard round' the world
Who: MA militia, British Soldiers
What: First Battle of the American Revolution
Where: Lexington + Concord, MA
Why: The British wanted guns and ammo from militia
Outcome:
Colonists: 49 killed, 39 wounded
British: 73 killed, 174 wounded -
Period: to
2nd Continental Congress
Who: 56 Men from all 13 colonies
What: Political body - decision makers
Where: Philadelphia, PA
Why: Coordinate all colonies' actions -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Who: Continental Army (2,800), British Army (3,000)
What: 1st Major Battle
Where: Breed's Hill, Boston
Why: The British didn't want Americans on high ground
Results: British win the battle.
Casualties:
British 1,045
Americans: 450 -
Olive Branch Petition
Who: 2nd Continental Congress
What: Asking king for peace
Why: Stop war
Outcome: King says no + Americans are traitors -
Common Sense
Who: Thomas Paine
What: Pamphlet aguing for equal government to independence
Where: American colonies
Why: Introduce new ideas -
British leave boston
9,000 solders
2,000 loyalists
evacuate Boston, forced out by new American cannons
installed on 3/4/1776 -
Declaration of independence
Who: Second Continental Congress; Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin
What: A list of reasons why the American colonies should be free
Where: Philadelphia, PA
Why: To make the US its own country -
Battle of Fort Washington
Who: British Army, American Army
What: Fight for strategic location
Where: Northern Manhattan (Washington Heights, NYC)
Why/Result: British win - take over NYC
Last in a long line of losses -
The Battle of Trenton (Crossing the Delaware)
Who: American Army, George Washington, Hessian Mercenaries
What: American surprise attack after crossing a big river
Why: Americans are desperate for a win. American Win! Morale boost.
Where: Trenton, NJ -
Battle of Brandywine
Who: George Washington, US + British armies
What: Try to stop the British advance
Where: Brandywine Creek near Philly
Why: Protect Philly
Result: US loss, Philly is open to British -
Period: to
British occupy Philadelphia
Who: British Army
What: Brits take over the city, congress runs away -
Period: to
Valley Forge
Who: George Washington, American Army (12k), Baron Von Steuben
What: Winter Camp, Professional Army Training
Where: Valley Forge, PA
Why: Hard to fight in winter
Results: Learned European tactics, 2k soldiers died - Cold+Disease -
Treaty of Friendship
Who: Ben Franklin + King Louis XVI
What: France promises money, guns + ships to help America -
Period: to
Attacks of the frontier
Who: George Rogers Clark, Native Americans
Where: Modern Illinois + Indiana
What: Convince Native tribes to join US side -
The Creation of the Navy
Who: John Hall Jones - "Father of the US Navy"
What: USS Bonhomme Richard, takes the fighting to Britain
Where: Off the British coast
Why: Disrupt trade
Results: Captures British warship
Outnumbered 2:1 --> "Surrender?"
Answer: "I have not yet begun to fight" -
British Capture Charleston
Who: British + American armies
What: Deny American port
Where: Charleston, SC -
Battle of King's Mountain
Who: American militia, Loyalist militia
What: Pacify SC+NC for Britain
Where: SC, NC border
Results: Americans win -
Battle of Cowpens
Who: British Army + American army + militia
What: Americans disrupt British southern strategy
Where: SC
Strat: Americans lured the British into a trap + surrounded them
Result: American Win -
Battle of Guildford Courthouse
Who: British + American Forces
What: British move to NC
Where: NC
Strategy: Same as at Cowpens - Better British general
Result: British win - Americans run away - 25% of British killed, wounded, missing. -
Period: to
Seige of Ninety six
Who: British to American Armies
What: Americans want British fort Distroy British ships
Result: Americans attack + lose -
Battle of the Capes
Who: French Ships (24), Royal Ships (19)
What: Big Naval Battle
Where: Near Chesapeake Bay
Why: Preventing British resupply
Results: British: 6 ships damaged British: 2 ships damaged
French win! -
Period: to
Siege of Yorktown
Who: George Washington, Marquis de Lafayette, Alexander Hamilton, Lord Cornwallis (British)
What: US cuts off + surrounds British
Where: Yorktown, VA
Why: US bring all troops, British need supplies
Result: US has 389 killed or wounded, British - 904 killed/wounded - surrender 7,685 troops
US wins! -
Newburgh Conspiracy
Who: George Washington, US Army Officers
What: Upset soldiers want to use the army to make Congress do what they want - Make Washington king?
Where: Newburgh, NY
Result: GW surprise speech; ends conspiracy -
Treaty of Paris
Who: Ben Franklin, John Adams, British gov't, french gov't
What: US recognized as independent.
The US gets all land east of Mississippi River.
Where: Paris, France