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Scalawag
A white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. -
Radical Republicans
a faction of the regular Republican Party, came into prominence on the national level after 1860. They never achieved majority status within Republican ranks, but were successful with manipulating the other factions to their advantage. Radical influence was especially strong in the New England states. In 1867 and 1868, the Radicals passed Reconstruction Acts featuring far harsher treatment of the South and played a leading role in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the succeeding trial. -
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3 Phases of Civil War Reconstruction
The Reconstruction was a period of time after the Civil War where attempts were made to redress the inequalities of slavery and it's political, social and economic legacy. Abraham Lincoln, the president at the time, wanted the Reconstruction to replay majority rule with "loyal rule", that would be called the "Ten Percent Plan" which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. -
The Lincoln Reconstruction Plan (The 10% Plan)
The Ten-Percent Plan issued on December 8th 1863, specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. -
Wade-Davis Bill
A bill proposed in 1864 for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland. The bill called for a complete abolition of slavery to prevent it from surviving in any way after the war. -
Freedmen’s Bureau
Established in 1865 by Congress and U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, it was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War and to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. -
“Great Constitutional Revolution” concept by Carl Schurz
General Ideas and Schemes of Whites Concerning the constitutionality of coercion and of the emancipation proclamation; others expressed of the labor question are in accordance with the logic of the great revolution. -
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Black Codes
Laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 in the United States after the American Civil War with the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/9656175/blackcodes.jpg?1488157578 -
Special Field Order 15
Military orders issued during the American Civil War, on January 16, 1865, by General William Tecumseh Sherman, commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi of the United States Army. They provided for the confiscation of 400,000 acres of land along the Atlantic coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida and the dividing of it into parcels of not more than 40 acres, on which were to be settled approximately 18,000 formerly enslaved families and other Blacks then living in the area. -
13th Amendment
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States, passed the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865. -
President Lincoln’s Death
He was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. -
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition. -
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Reconstruction Act
Enacted in 1867–68 that outlined the conditions under which the Southern states would be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War (1861–65). The bills were largely written by the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Congress. https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/55fcb755-6b6a-4796-a25a-a80739c339d5/baef09df-9805-4a46-92ff-136dc0c7e918.jpg -
Ku Klux Klan
The first Klan flourished in the Southern United States in the late 1860s, then died out by the early 1870s. It sought to overthrow the Republican state governments in the South during the Reconstruction Era, especially by using violence against African-American leaders. With numerous autonomous chapters across the South, it was suppressed around 1871, through federal law enforcement. -
Impeachment of Andrew Jackson
Occurred in 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach U.S. President Andrew Johnson, adopting eleven articles of impeachment detailing his "high crimes and misdemeanors", in accordance with Article Two of the United States Constitution. -
14th Amendments
Ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” One of three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era to abolish slavery and establish civil and legal rights for black Americans, it would become the basis for many landmark Supreme Court decisions over the years. -
Sharecropping
a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each year. In the rural South, it was by former slaves. With the southern economy in disarray after the abolition of slavery and the devastation of the Civil War, conflict arose during the Reconstruction era between many white landowners attempting to reestablish a labor force and freed blacks seeking economic independence and autonomy. -
Enforcement Act
Was passed by Congress in May 1870 and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on May 31, 1870. The Enforcement Act of 1870 prohibited discrimination by state officials in voter registration on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
15th Amendment
Granting African-American men the right to vote, was adopted into the U.S. Constitution in 1870. Despite the amendment, by the late 1870s discriminatory practices were used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote, especially in the South. It wasn’t until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that legal barriers were outlawed at the state and local levels if they denied blacks their right to vote under the 15th Amendment. -
Slaughterhouse Cases
Resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1873, ruled that a citizen's "privileges and immunities," as protected by the Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment against the states, were limited to those spelled out in the Constitution and did not include many rights given by the individual states. -
Civil Rigths Act of 1875
Guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in public transportation and public accommodations and service on juries. The U.S. Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional in the Civil Rights Cases (1883). -
Bargain of 1877
Was reached to settle the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election. The secret deal ensured that the Republican Party candidate, Rutherford Hayes, would become the next president and that the Democrats would regain political power in the southern state governments.
