1975-2000 Late Cold War/Multi-polar 90’s Foreign Policy

Afghanistan War

Apr 27, 1978

Involved- Afghanistan, Soviet Union
Description- Most of Afghanistan experienced resistance against the government. The Soviet war in Afghanistan began in December 1979 to replace the existing communist government. Afghanistan's mujahideen, (Resistance forces) fought against the Soviet forces in Afghanistan.
Outcome- Fall of Kabul in 1992

Camp David Accords

Sep 17, 1978

Involved- US, Egypt, Israel
Description- At the White House in Washington, D.C., Egyptian President and Israeli Prime Minister sign the Camp David Accords, laying the framework for a permanent peace agreement between Egypt and Israel after 30 years of war. The accords were negotiated during 12 days at President Jimmy Carter’s Camp David retreat in the Mountains of Maryland.
Outcome- The peace agreement was signed March 1979

Operation Cyclone

Jan 1, 1979

Involved- the US, Afghan rebels
Description- The US supplied Afghan soldiers with military supplies. Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most expensive covert CIA operations ever undertaken. Funding began with $20 to $30 million per year in 1980 and rose to $630 million per year in 1987.
Outcome- Afghan soldiers were able to fight against the communist government put in place but the Soviets

Iran Hostage Crisis

Nov 4, 1979

Involved- US, Iran
Description- After the overthrow of Shah, Iran Militants capture and hold 63 American Diplomats for 444 days. The US then seizes $12 billion in assets. After the failed rescue attempt on Jan. 20th, 1981, the assets and hostages were freed.

Outcome- The US froze Iranian assets and put pressure on the government and forced them to come into agreement and everyone returned home safely.

Oil Embargo

Nov 11, 1979

Involved- US, Iran
Description- Carter issued that we do not buy any more oil from Iran to put economic pressures on their government. Also, we should not get oil from them because they are holding 63 American Diplomats hostage.
Outcome- Iran released the Americans 444 days later

Renewal of Cold War

Dec 15, 1979

Involved- US, Soviet Union
Description- After Afghanistan, President Carter agrees détente has failed and calls for boycott of Moscow Olympics in 1980 and increase in military spending, weakening in national and international affairs troubles Americans
Outcome- Carter withdrew the SALT II treaty

SDI Reagan

Mar 23, 1983

Involved- US, Soviet
Description- SDI was programmed by Reagan to put us ahead of the Soviet Union in the arms race. This system would tip the nuclear balance toward the United States. The Soviets feared that SDI would enable the United States to launch a strike against them.

Iran-Contra Affair

Aug 20, 1985

Involved- US, Iran
Description- Senior government officials under the administration of Reagan secretly made a sale of military arms to Iran which was against the arms embargo set in place at the time. They wanted to support the Contras in Nicaragua with the profits of the sold weapons while they negotiated the release of many US hostages.
Outcome- 14 of Reagan's Administration officials were charged with criminal acts. Out of the 14 cases put to trial, 11 of them were guilty or convicted.

Iraq- Iran War / Tanker war

May 17, 1987

Involved- US, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia
Description- Iraq Attacked US Warship thinking it was an Iranian warship. After the US, Iraq, and Saudi talked, Iran thought the US was with Iraq and put sea mines all over the gulf.
Outcome- the US retaliated to the attacks of US ships and destroyed Iranian Warships

START 1 and 2

Jul 31, 1991

Involved- US, Soviet union, Russia
Description- Start 1- Treaty signed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons between US and the Soviet Union. Start 2 (1993) - Treaty signed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons between US and Russia.
Outcome- It limited the number of nuclear weapons these countries could have.

Somalia Mission

Dec 5, 1992

Involved- US, UN, Somalia
Description- George Bush sent 28,000 US troops to Somalia to distribute food. The point of this mission was to create a protected environment for conducting humanitarian operations in the southern half of the country.
Outcome- The UN captured The Somali President Mohammed Aidid on Oct 13, 1993. 18 American soldiers were killed and 80 wounded in the rCongress cut off funding and the troops were withdrawn

NAFTA

Dec 8, 1993

Involved- US, Mexico, Canada
Description- An Agreement negotiated among these three countries to remove all barriers for the exchange of goods and services throughout these countries.
Outcome- This agreement has reshaped the economies of these three countries over the past years.

Dayton Peace Agreement

Nov 21, 1995

Involved- Bosnia, Herzegovina
Description- The agreement signed in Paris that ended the 3 1/2 year long Bosnian War. The agreement was made at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. That is how it got it's name Dayton Peace Agreement.
Outcome- Ended the Bosnian War

Operation Joint Endeavor

Dec 15, 1995

Involved- NATO-US, Bosnia, Herzegovina
Description- US and allied forces were sent to keep the peace in Bosnia. 20,000 US soldiers were sent to support the Dayton Peace Accords.
Outcome- to hold peace in Bosnia for a 1 year mandate.

Good Friday Agreement

Apr 10, 1998

Involved- British and Irish Governments
Description- It was an agreement on how Northern Ireland should be governed. The two governments aimed to set up a nationalist and unionist power-sharing government.
Outcome- The agreement was passed and approved by voters all across the island of Ireland.