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Period: 700 to 1100
Gregorian chant
The purpose of Gregorian chant was to teach the word of God so the text was more important than the music. It was monodic, it was written in Latin, it was religious and it was sung a cappella, without instrumental accompaniment. It could be syllabic, pneumatic or melismatic. -
992
Guido d’Arezzo
He named the musical notes based on a religious poem. I organize the current way of writing in telegrams -
1019
Pierre Schaeffer
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer was a French composer. He is considered the creator of concrete music. He is the author of the book titled Treatise on Musical Objects, where he exposes his entire theory on this type of music. He composed different works, all of them based on the technique of concrete music -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
She was a holy abbess of Germany. She founded several monasteries and wrote many works of different genres as well as poems. -
Nov 23, 1121
Alfonso X
He was the king of the Crown of Castile and the other titled kingdoms between 1252 and 1284. -
1135
Léonin
He was one of the greatest composers of the Notre Dame de Ars Antiqua school. -
1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
He was a famous French troubadour, composer and poet. -
1160
Perotin
He was one of the greatest composers of the Notre Dame de Ars Antiqua school. -
Period: 1170 to 1300
Ars Antiqua
The ars antiqua is a form of musical writing that existed between the 12th and 13th centuries and was the first polyphonic form. Some famous forms of the Ars antiqua are the motet and the organ -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Born in France, he was one of the most important figures of Ars Nova -
Period: 1320 to 1380
Ars nova
A form of multi-voice musical writing very famous in Italy and France. The motet was used but with transformations from the Ars Antiqua and becoming more complex. Other musical forms were the canon and the ballad -
1325
Francesco Landini
He was a very famous ars nova composer and poet of the second half of the XIV century in Italy. -
1400
Johannes Gutenberg
Imprent creator -
Jul 12, 1468
Juan del Encina
The main composer of secular music in the Spanish European School in the Renaissance -
1483
Martin Luther
He was the main promoter for the of the Protestant Reformation -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
He was a famous spanish Kapellmeister -
Mar 30, 1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. He was a chamber musician -
Feb 3, 1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
A famous composer of the European school in Rome -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
A famous composer of the European school in Rome. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
A famous composer of the European Italian school in Venice. The composicion were exclusive religious -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
She was the first recognized woman composer of the Renaissance. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
A famous composer of the European Spanish school whose compositions were religious -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
Famous composer of the European Italian school of Venice. The composition was exclusively religious. He was the nephew of Andrea Gabrieli -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
He was one of the most important composers of polyphony, standing out in madrigals. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
The most important composer of baroque opera in Italy -
Giacomo Carissimi
He was the first great composer of oratorios -
Barbara Strozzi
She was an Italian composer and singer know for her vocal music during the baroque -
Henry Purcel
He is an english composer that stands out among the baroque opera composers. -
Antonio Vivaldi
An Italian composer and violinist renowned for his constributions in the Baroque period -
Georg Philipp Telemann
He stands out among the baroque opera composers. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
A German-English composer and musican know for his contributions to the Baroque period -
Johann Sebastian Bach
A German composer and musican icon. -
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Christoph Willibald Gluck, from 1756 Knight of Gluck was a German composer, from the region of Bohemia, Czech Republic. He is considered one of the most important opera composers of Classicism of the second half of the 18th century -
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn, known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer. He is one of the greatest representatives of the Classical period, in addition to being known as the "father of the symphony" and the "father of the string quartet" thanks to his important contributions to both genres -
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, también llamada Nannerl y Marianne, fue una famosa música del siglo XVIII. Era la hermana mayor de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart e hija de Leopold y Anna Maria Mozart. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was an Austrian composer, pianist, conductor and professor of the former Archbishopric of Salzburg, master of Classicism, considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian pianist and composer. Although she completely lost her sight from the age of three, this was not an impediment for the production and work of this great pianist, singer and composer to continue to stand out -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer, conductor, pianist and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from Classicism to the beginnings of Romanticism -
Rossini
Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber and piano music pieces, and some sacred music -
Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer of the principles of musical Romanticism but, at the same time, a continuator of the classical sonata following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven -
Berlioz
Berlioz's innovations in orchestration, vivid programmatic writing, and
expansive musical forms, as demonstrated in works like the "Symphonie fantastique," were
groundbreaking and influential in shaping the Romantic symphonic tradition -
Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn was a prominent German composer and conductor of the Romantic era.
Known for his musical talent from a young age, he composed a wide range of works, including
symphonies, concertos, chamber music, and oratorios such as "Elijah." Mendelssohn played a crucial role
in reviving interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and was influential internationally, leaving a
lasting legacy in classical music -
Chopin
Chopin was a Polish composer and pianist renowned for his Romantic-era
compositions, particularly for solo piano. His works, including nocturnes, preludes, waltzes, mazurkas,
and études, are characterized by emotional depth, technical brilliance, and influences from Polish folk
music. Chopin's music reflects the intensity of the Romantic period, spanning from tender and
introspective to virtuosic and dramatic. -
Robert Schumann
Robert Schumannwas a German composer, pianist and music critic of the 19th century, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. Schumann left his law studies, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist -
Liszt
Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era. Known for
his remarkable piano skills and charismatic performances, he composed a wide range of works including
piano solos, orchestral pieces, and operas. Liszt's influence extended beyond his compositions; he
pioneered the symphonic poem genre, popularized transcriptions of other composers' works for piano,
and played a crucial role in promoting fellow composers like Wagner and Berlioz -
Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Le Roncole, Busseto, 10 de octubre de 1813 - Milán, 27 de enero de 1901) fue un compositor romántico italiano de ópera, uno de los más importantes de todos los tiempos. Su obra sirve de puente entre el bel canto de Rossini, Bellini y Donizetti, y la corriente del verismo y Puccini -
Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner fue un compositor, director de orquesta, poeta, ensayista, dramaturgo y teórico musical alemán del Romanticismo. Destacan principalmente sus óperas en las que, a diferencia de otros compositores, asumió también el libreto y la escenografía -
Clara Schumann
Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was one of the great European concert artists of the 19th century and her career was key in the dissemination of the compositions of her husband, Robert Schumann. -
Smetana
Bedřich Smetana was a composer born in Bohemia, a region that during the musician's lifetime was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer in the development of a musical style that became closely linked to Czech nationalism. For this reason, he is recognized in his country as the father of Czech music. -
Modest Musorgsky
Modest Musorgsky was a Russian composer, member of the group "The Five". His works include the operas Boris Godunov and Jovánschina, the symphonic poem A Night on Monte Pelado and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. Mussorgsky was an innovator of Russian music in the Romantic period -
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a renowned Russian composer known for his emotionally
expressive music. His compositions spanned ballets, symphonies, operas, concertos, and chamber
music. Tchaikovsky skillfully combined Western European forms with Russian folk melodies, creating a
unique and beloved musical style. His works, such as "Swan Lake," "The Nutcracker," and the "Symphony
No. 6" (Pathétique), remain popular and influential in the classical repertoire -
Dvorak
Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a post-romantic composer from Bohemia a territory then belonging to the Austrian Empire, one of the first Czech composers to achieve worldwide recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century -
Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg, commonly cited as Edvard Grieg, was a Norwegian composer and pianist, considered one of the main representatives of late Romanticism -
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, conductor and pedagogue, member of the group of composers known as The Five -
Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini, better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered among the greatest, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a visionary, creator of the music concepts that would govern cinema during the 20th century -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works are considered, along with those of Richard Strauss, the most important of post-Romanticism. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important orchestra and opera conductors of his time. -
Hugo Wolf
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin, who lived during the final years of the 19th century in Vienna. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became involved in the disputes existing in Vienna at that time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians. -
Debussy
Achille Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the term. -
Sibelius
Jean Sibelius, registered at birth as Johan Julius Christian Sibelius, was a Finnish composer and violinist of late Romanticism and early Modernism -
Schönberg
Arnold Schönberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist and painter of Jewish origin. Since he emigrated to the United States in 1934, he adopted the name Arnold Schoenberg, and this is how he usually appears in English-language publications and around the world -
Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel fue un compositor francés del siglo XX. Su obra, frecuentemente vinculada al impresionismo, muestra además un audaz estilo neoclásico y, a veces, rasgos del expresionismo, y es el fruto de una compleja herencia y de hallazgos musicales que revolucionaron la música para piano y para orquesta -
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important of the first half of the 20th century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all. the times -
Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who stood out as a composer, pianist and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century -
Kódaly
Zoltán Kodály was a prominent Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-Viennese-Romantic phase and then evolved into its main characteristic: the mixture of folklore and complex harmonies of the 20th century, shared with Béla Bartók -
Joaquín Turina
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer and musicologist representative of nationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albéniz and he composed the most important works of Impressionism in Spain. His most important works are Fantastic Dances and
The Rocío Procession -
Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the most important and transcendental musicians of the 20th century. His long life allowed him to discover a wide variety of musical trends -
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist and conductor of Romanticism, considered the most classical of the composers of that period. Born in Hamburg to a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music. He received some musical instruction from his father -
George Gershwin
George Gershwin fue un músico, compositor y pianista estadounidense. Es reconocido, popularmente, por haber logrado hacer una amalgama perfecta entre la música clásica y el jazz, lo que se llega a evidenciar en sus prodigiosas obras -
Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen was a French composer, organist, pedagogue and ornithologist, one of the most outstanding musicians of the entire century -
Cage
John Milton Cage Jr., artistically John Cage, was an American composer, music theorist, artist and philosopher. A pioneer of aleatoric music, electronic music and the non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the figures principals of the postwar avant-garde -
Pierre Henry
Pierre Henry was a French musician, considered the creator, along with Pierre Schaeffer, of the so-called concrete music and one of the godfathers of electroacoustic music. -
Philipp Glass
Philip Glass is an American minimalist classical music composer. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York. His international recognition increased since the appearance of his opera Einstein on the Beach