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13th Amendment
This was an amendment that was passed in order to abolish slavery in the US and helped give black Americans more freedom as they were not owned by a master anymore. -
14th Amendment
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment
This amendment was passed and helped in proving more freedom to African Americans by giving them the right to vote. This idea was proposed by Lyndon B. Johnson as he wanted to overcome all legal barriers on a local and state level -
Tuskegee Institute created
This was a university that was created in Alabama and aimed at providing higher education to African Americans. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This was a court case that was first caused by the passing of the Separate Car Act in 1892. The black Americans and white Americans had different types of cars / transportation that they each had to take. Plessy was frustrated by this act and decided to sit in a car meant for White Americans. He refused to leave the seat and was arrested later, leading to this court case. -
NAACP created
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States. Its goal was to achieve political, social, and economic equality of rights for everyone. -
19th Amendment
On this day, the 19th Amendment was passed which gave the right to vote for women. The unequal rights due to different genders caused women to fight for this and it still continued even after the amendment was passed (the women's suffrage movement). -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed
The Equal Rights Amendment provided equal legal rights for all the American citizens regardless of gender. It also ended the racial separation between men and women. -
Executive Order 9981
In 1948, President Truman signed this order in order to end racial segregation in the armed forces and allowed a more diverse military fighting for the US This Order helped make the armed forces more accessible to the people and allowed African Americans to join the army. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This court case overruled the Plessy vs Fergusen case of "separate but equal". this occurred in 1954 which focused on ending racial segregation in schools and help in ending the Jim crow laws. It took place in Kansas -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a very big outcome of Rosa parks actions when she refused to move from the seat for the white folks. The boycott which was a consequence of this issue was when black folks didn't use the buses and this began the cilvil rights movement. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins
This was a civil rights protest where young people sat-in a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina where the African Americans did not leave because they were denied service in the bar. This ideology diffused across the country as more African Americans advocated for rights. -
March on Washington: “I have a dream” speech
Both events occurred on the same day. The march on Washington occurred in Washington DC as the African Americans marched to advocate for civil and economic rights for the black society. This march was part of the speech given by Martin Luther King Jr, known as "I have a dream". The speech discussed how African Americans deserve freedom and need to be freer and have more jobs in order to create an equal nation. This speech led to the creation of the Civil Rights Act. -
24th Amendment
This amendment was ratified in 1964 and said that how individuals wouldn't need to pay a poll tax which was required prior to vote. This helped make this process for affrodable and accessible which advocated for voting a lot. -
March from Selma, Alabama
This was a march where black individuals marched from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama in order to exercise their right for voting and to gain more freedom for the black society. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This is a federal piece of legislation, signed by LBJ, that allowed African Americans to vote in the US In addition to this, it also stated how a literacy test was no longer required in order to vote for a candidate. This helped in making the process of voting more accessible to others. -
Black panthers
the new organization created in 1966 led by bobby Seale and Huey newton in cali. The new goal of this organization was to help end the racism present in the society and support black nationalism in America in order to solve reoccurring issues regarding African Americans. This united the black community and brought many people together during the civil time period -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
This was an organization that was founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, MN that focused on solving problems regarding racism and the civil rights of the African Americans in America. They attempted to solve these problems through protests with other African Americans and to this day, the organization continues to protest against injustices of African Americans occurring today. -
MLK assassinated
On this day in Memphis, TN, an individual known as James Earl Ray murdered MLK from a balcony as MLK was protesting for better working conditions and higher wages for the African Americans in his hotel, Lorraine Motel. This marked a special event in history where African Americans fought for their rights in a time of tension in America. -
Sandra Day O'Connor appointed to the Supreme Court
Ronald Reagan appointed O'Connor to the Supreme Court, which made her the first female Associate justice in Court. Additionally, during her career, she made many deciding votes in court cases.
