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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
(1509-1547) -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther nails his critique of the indulgences to the door of the university in Wittenberg
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1526
New Testament translated and published in English
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1533
Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn
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1534
Act of Supremacy
Creates the Anglicane Church and makes King Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church of England -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
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Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
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1549
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
Prayer book, written in English, for everyone to understand -
1553
The poor laws (1553, 1597, 1601)
The poor laws were passed in 1553, 1597 and 1601, establishing the idea that central and local governements had the responsibility of helping the poor. It also established a distinction between “deserving poor” and the “undeserving poor” and created very harsh laws against beggars and vagrants. This system stayed in place until the 19th century -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
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1558
First speech of Queen Elizabeth
In this speech, the queen uses for the first time the two bodies theory -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
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1559
(Second) Act of Supremacy
abolished the authority of the pope, restored the authority of the queen over the church -
1559
1559 speech of Queen Elizabeth
elizabeth married “the kingdom of england”, her subjects are “all my husbands, my good people” -
1559
Royal Progresses by Elizabeth
Royal progresses in summer, where Elizabeth travels through the her kingdom, each year between 1559 and 1579 -
1567
James proclaimed King of Scotland
in 1567 -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
6000 catholic insurgents create a rebellion against the religious reforms of Queen Elizabeth I -
1570
Pope Pius V Excommunicates Elizabeth
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1571
Treasons Act
Made it treason for anyone to say that elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales -
Period: 1577 to 1580
Francis Drake voyage around the world
(1577-1580) -
1581
1581 Act
Act to retain the queen’s majesty’s subjects in their due Obedience, provided for death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to catholicism -
The Babington plot
A plot to kill Elizabeth was discovered. Mary Stuart was involved in this plot -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Following the discovery of the Babington plot, in which she was involved, Elizabeth decides to execute Mary Stuart -
Tilbury speech
Reinforced Queen Elizabeth I legitimacy, she described herself as having the body of a woman but the guts of a king -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The English beat the "Indestructible" Armada, Elizabeth has "god on her side", and will use this to promote Anglicanism -
Queen Elizabeth Ist dies
in 1603 (at 69 years old) -
James crowned King of England
in 1603 -
1603 union of the crowns (scotland and england)
With the same King, the crown of Scotand and Englad unite, but! not the kingdoms -
Period: to
James Ist reign
1603-1625 -
The gunpowder plot
(5 november 1605) a conspiracy by a small group of catholics. Their aim was to blow up the English parliament and to kill James I. This plot failed -
Virginia became the first permanent English settlement in North America
in 1607 -
The "Great Contract"
the king tried to introduce a financial reform, the “Great Contract” of 1610. The King would receive a fixed sum. Some of the MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments anymore to get money (the king would be financially independent) -
The King James Bible
a new english translation of the Bible(the King James Bible) completed in 1611 -
Period: to
The Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648), many military defeats because of Lord Buckingham (counselor of the King). England at war with Spain and France -
Summoning Parliament about war money
James summoned a parliament in 1621 to ask for money for war against Spain, it got refused. James tore the Commons’ Protestation and dissolved Parliament -
The 1624 Parliament agreed to finance the war on Spain
The 1624 Parliament agreed to finance the war on Spain -
James I died in 1625
1625 -
Period: to
Charles Ist reign
(1625-1649) -
Petition of Rights
Parliament wrote the Petition of rights in 1628, they requested the King to recognise the illegality of his extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial -
King Charles adjourned parliament+The Three Resolutions
January 1629, the King declared another adjournment (again...). The MPs did not let the Speaker of the House put an end to the discussion (if he doesn’t get up to announce the adjournment, it does not happen). They passed the Three Resolutions (whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom) -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
The Personal Rule (1629-1640), the 11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament. Whig historians called it “The Eleven Years Tyranny” -
King Charles Ist attempted to unite the Churches (1637)
In 1637 King Charles Ist attempted to draw the church of Scotland (calvinist) into line with the Church of England (anglican) -
Charles attemped to impose a new prayer book to Scotland
1637 scottish opposition came to the boil when Charles I attempted to impose a new prayer book -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis (1637-1640)
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The Treaty of Ripon
The Scots invaded England and emerged victorious. A peace treaty was signed, the treaty of Ripon, oct 1640 -
The short Parliament(1640)
Charles called a parliament for the first time in 11 years, to get money to fight the Scots (1640), it will only last 3 weeks -
The Long Parliament
Charles had to call parliament again
“The Long Parliament”, it will not be dissolved until 1660 -
The Irish Rebellion (1641)
in october 1641, an armed revolt broke out in Ireland, Irish Catholic rebels rose up against Protestant settlers, was a massacre of 3000-4000 protestants -
The Militia Act (1641)
Declared that the army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament. This took away the King’s ability to appoint whoever he wanted -
The Grand Remonstrance of 1641
This document voted by Parliament to summarize all the wrongdoings of Charles Ist and concluded on “revolutionary” demands. Divided Parliaments into Royalists and Parliamentarians -
Attempt to arrest 5 MPs
Charles Ist marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest the 5 MPs (January 1642) -
Charles declares war on Parliament
22 August 1642, Charles formally declared war on Parliament -
Period: to
The first Civil War
the first civil war, Royalists against Parliamentarians. Parliament won. (1643-1646) -
Creation of a New Model Army
The new model army was created in 1644 by the Parliamentarians -
Battle of Naseby (1645)
In June 1645 the Battle of Naseby was a turning point of the civil war, the royalist forces weakened -
Surrender of the King (1646)
in May 1646 the King and the Royalist side surrendered -
King escapes from the army's custody
In November 1647 the King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots -
Army seize the King
In June 1647, the New Model Army seized the King because they had not been paid for months -
Pride’s Purge (December 1648)
The army wanted the king to be tried, conservative MPs wanted to negotiate with the King. Colonel Pride (army) then entered the House of commons, stopped the vote and arrested the 45 conservative leader MPs. -
The Second Civil war (1648)
Lasted from February 1648 to August 1648, the Royalists were defeated once again, thanks to Cromwell -
Monarchy is abolished (1649)
Monarchy got abolished, the house of lords got abolished, the house of commons had supreme authority, England was declared a Commonwealth that ruled as a republic. -
King Charles I executed in 1649
1649 -
Massacre of the Irish Royalist troops and civilians in Drogheda (1649)
The Irish Rebellion led by Irish Catholics was crushed by Cromwell and his troops -
Period: to
The Interregnum (1649-1660)
between 2 reigns, failure to reach stability and creation of a military protectorate ruled by Cromwell -
Period: to
The commonwealth (1649-1653)
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Cromwell defeated the Scots Army in 1650
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Blasphemy Act 1650
Some sects were declared blashemy, and atrocities were made towards them -
Scots crushed by Cromwell (1651)
Cromwell crushed the uprising of the Scots Royalist force led by Charles II in 1651 -
The Instrument of Government (1653)
1653, England’s first and only written constitution -
Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament (1653)
20 April 1653 Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament, by force, ordering the MPs to leave -
Start of the Cromwellian Protectorate (1653)
16 December 1653 end of the Commonwealth and start of the Cromwellian Protectorate -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate (1654-1658)
a military dictatorship, similar to a monarchy without a King, in which Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector -
Cromwell died in 1658
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Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda
in 1660, it promised: a general amnesty, to continue religious toleration, to share power with Parliament -
Period: to
Reign of Charles II (1660-1685)
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The Act of Uniformity 1662
all ministers had to swear to conform to the book of common prayer, restoration of bishops in the House of Lords and to their place in the Church -
1665 outbreak of Plague
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The Great Fire of London 1666
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Popish Plot (1678)
Rumor of a plot organised by the french to murder Charles II and replace him with his Catholic brother James II -
The Exclusion crisis (1679-1681)
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne, Charles dissolved Parliament -
Charles died (1685)
Charles died in 1685 and was succeeded by his catholic brother James II -
Period: to
Reign of James II (1685-1688)
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James got a son (1688)
In 1688 James’ second wife gave birth to a son (catholic), problem because his Protestant daughter will no longer be the heir -
Glorious Revolution (1688)
William of Orange invades England to seize the crown. James II fled to France and William became King William II. Willam was welcomed, no blood shed -
Toleration Act 1689
established religious pluralism and freedom of worship for all Protestants -
Period: to
Reign of William III (1689-1702)
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The Bill of Rights (16 Dec. 1689)
a key political text, fixed limitations on the sovereign’s powers, set out the rights of Parliament, set out basic civil rights -
The Act of Settlement (1701)
ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs, stopping quarrels with Parliament -
Act of Union between England and Scotland (1707)
creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Wales, Scotland) -
Union act
Unites the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland → creates the United Kingdom