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Plankalkul
People:Konrad Zuse
Purpose:Designed for engineering
Acronym:German for "Plan Calculus" -
FORTRAN
People:John Backus & IBM
Purpose:Developed for scientific and engineering purposes.
Acronym:Derived from The IBM Mathematical 'FOR'mula 'TRAN'slating System -
MATH-MATIC
People;Charles Katz and his team
Purpose:Designed as an improvement on FORTRAN and an early language for the UNIVACI and UNIVAC II.
Acronym:"MATH-MATIC" was the marketing name for the AT-3 Compiler -
Lisp
People:John McCarthy, Steve Russel
Purpose:Originally designed for mathematical notation, favorite for AI design/research
Acronym:Derived from LIStProcessing -
COBOL
People:Grace Hopper, William Selden, Gertrude Tierney, Howard Bromberg, Howard Discount, Vernon Reeves, Jean E. Sammet
Purpose:Designed to help describe problems independent of hardware being used(Indepndence from hardware)
Acronym:Common Buisness-Oriented Language -
RPG
People:IBM
Purpose:Designed for business applications
Acronym:Stands for Report Program Generator -
BASIC
People:(John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz)
Purpose:To allow students to write programs for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System.
Acronym:Tied to the name of an unpublished paper by Kurtz. -
LOGO
People:Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert
Purpose:Derived from LISP for educational purposes
Acronym:Derived from the Greek "Logos", meaning word. -
B
People:(Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie)
Purpose:Created as a stripped down version of BCPL made in order for it to run on minicomputers of the time
Acronym:Supposedly a contraction of BCPL -
PASCAL
People:Niklaus Wirth
Purpose:Designed to encourage good programming purposes using structured programs and data structuring.
Acronym:Named in honor of Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician. -
C
People:Dennis Ritchie(Also helped design B)
Purpose;Designed to encourage cross-platform programming, mapped over machine language well and was a suitable replacement for Assembly languages
Acronym: Derived from B, therefore called C. -
ML
People:Robin Milner and University of Edinburgh students
Purpose:Used to develop proof-tactics in the "LCF theorem prover"
Acronym:Historically stands for "metalanguage" -
SQL
People:Donald D. Chamberlin,Raymond F. Boyce
Purpose:Designed for managing data stored in relational database management systems
Acronym:Stands for Structured Query Language -
ADA
People: US Department of Defense (Jean Ichbiah)
Purpose:Development of large software systems
Acronym: Named after Ada Lovelace(Ada Byron), the first programmer -
C++
People;Bjarne Stroustrup
Purpose:Designed to support various programming paradigms(including OOP, procedural, etc.)
Acronym: C++ is a pun on the increment operator(++) -
Delphi AKA Object Pascal
People:Apple Computer, Niklaus Wirth, Anders Hejlsberg
Purpose:Was created to support a Mac application framework
Acronym:It's a dialect of Object Pascal designed for the OOP paradigm. -
Python
People:Guido van Rossum
Purpose:Designed for simplified syntax and easier code-readibility
Acronym:Derived from the comedy show, Monty Python's Flying Circus -
Visual Basic (now known as Visual Basic.NET)
People:Microsoft
Purpose:Derived from BASIC and Ruby(not to be confused for the web scripting language) for rapid development of GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications
Acronym:Visual is derived from the "Ruby" half of Visual Basic, Basic is from BASIC (programming language) -
JavaScript
People:Brendan Eich, Netscape Communications
Purpose;Designed primarly for the web, JavaScript helps enhance user interfaces and create dynamic websites
Acronym:Upon addition for the Java platform in Netscape browsers, they named it JavaScript -
Java
People:James Gosling and Sun Microsystems
Purpose:Designed to allow code to be used on more than one platform(Write once, run everywhere)
Acronym:Derived from "Java Coffee", a drink enjoyed by the language deveopers -
PHP
People:Rasmus Lerdorf, the PHP group
Purpose:Designed for the web, primarily to create dyanmic websites and for communication with SQL servers.
Acronym:Originally stood for Personal Homepage, now it's PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor