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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Primitive Time
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3900 BCE
Important Medicines still used today
Morphine
the active ingredient in opium—is still obtained from harvesting the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum) through a method that has remained fundamentally unchanged for more than 8,000 years. -
3800 BCE
Believed disease was caused by
They believed disease was because of supernatural beings. It was believed that If people were disobedient, the gods would inflict their bodies with illness -
3700 BCE
Average life span during Primitive Time
The average life span in this time was about 35 years. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
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2900 BCE
How do they heal?
Egyptian physicians human and animal excrement as a cure-all remedy for diseases and injuries -
2800 BCE
Who are physicians? Who was the 1st?
A physician is a doctor that practices medicine. The earliest recorded physician in the world, Hesy-Ra, practiced in ancient Egypt. -
2700 BCE
Average Life span in Ancient Egypt
A long of people died at the average age of 19 but some lived to be 30-34 -
Period: 1700 BCE to 200
Ancient Chinese
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1600 BCE
Dissection(beliefs and Result)
The researchers wrote in Anatomical Record that “In ancient China, the development of anatomy is generally considered not to have involved dissection.” This was because Confucian ideas on filial piety, which were very influential during the Han period and beyond, effectively prohibited dissection. -
1500 BCE
Importance of the WHOLE body
The importance of the whole body is that when they are healing someone they used the whole body. They healed the whole body by curing the spirit And nourishing the body -
1400 BCE
Average life span in Ancient China
The average life span during this time was around 40 years. -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
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Period: 753 BCE to 410
Ancient Romans
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460 BCE
Hippocrates
Hippocrates was the founder of medicine and was the greatest physician of his time -
384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle's most important contribution to the theory of Greek Medicine was his doctrine of the Four Basic Qualities: Hot, Cold, Wet, and Dry. ... But in the High Middle Ages, Muslim philosopher-Physicians like Avicenna and Averroes brought a newfound appreciation for other aspects of Aristotle's science and philosophy. -
370 BCE
Average life span in Ancient Greece
The average life expectancy was about 35 years -
200 BCE
Sanitation System
They found a large spike in the concentration of lead around 200 B.C.E., indicating the lead pipes were installed around this time, the researchers report today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. That’s about 150 years older than the earliest known archaeological evidence for lead plumbing in ancient Rome. -
100 BCE
Hospitals
Hospitals in ancient Rome were generally limited to military camps and the very late empire, after the establishment of Christianity. While legionary medical facilities were quite extensive, hospitals, as we know them today, simply didn't exist in the Roman world. -
300
Average life span during Ancient Roman time
The average lifespan for the inhabitants of the Roman Empire was about 25 years but infant mortality is factored out the lifespan increased to about 50 years. -
400
Prohibited study of medicine, why?
They prohibited the study of medicine because they emphasized saving the soul. They put much more faith in religion than science. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
How do they treat disease?
They "treated" disease with prayer. They also did some herbal remedies -
600
Average life span during the Dark Age
The average lifespan during the Dark Ages was around 35 years -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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850
Medical Universities
Dissections of human bodies were carried out in these universities so anyone wanting to study medicine in the Middle Ages was not totally ignorant of facts about the human body. Public debates were also encouraged about medical issues and it is known that some medical schools encouraged students to actually challenge the ideas of Galen and Hippocrates. -
900
Pandemic
The major pandemic in the Middle Ages was the Black Death. The Black Death was the deadliest pandemic recorded in human history.(until now). The Black Death aka the bubonic plague killed about 25 million people which was a third of the continents population at the time. It also lingered for centuries in cities and those outbreaks included the Great Plague of London which killed 70,000 people. -
910
Rhazes
Rhazes was a great Persian physician, scholar, and philosopher of the medieval ages. He has had great contributions to the field of medicine and has been regarded as the best physician of his time. He had considerable contributions to the field of pediatrics and authored the first treatise on this field. -
1000
Average life span during the Middle Age
The average life span during the Middle Ages was about 31 years. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1401
Rebirth
"Renaissance" is a French word meaning "rebirth". The period is called by this name because at that time, people started taking an interest in the learning of ancient times, in particular, the learning of Ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance was seen as a "rebirth" of that learning. -
1425
Dissection
Even though the Catholic Church prohibited dissection, artists and scientists performed dissection to better understand the body. -
1450
Artists
Renaissance artists were anxious to gain specialized knowledge of the inner workings of the human body, which would allow them to paint and sculpt the body in many different positions. -
1475
Average life span during the Renaissance
The life expectancy during the Renaissance period was about 40 years -
1501
Cause of Disease
Medieval doctors did not have a clue what caused disease. Most doctors still believed the Greek theory from Galen, a doctor during the Roman Empire, that you became ill when the 'Four Humours' - phlegm, black bile, yellow bile, blood - became unbalanced. -
Period: 1501 to
16th Century
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1510
Father of Modern surgery
Ambroise Paré, French physician, one of the most notable surgeons of the European Renaissance, regarded by some medical historians as the father of modern surgery. -
1523
Gabriel Fallopius
Gabriel Fallopius, the most illustrious of 16th-century Italian anatomists, who contributed greatly to early knowledge of the ear and of the reproductive organs. -
Average life span in the 16th century
The average lifespan of the 16th century was around 40 years -
Period: to
17th Century
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William Harvey
William Harvey, English physician who was the first to recognize the full circulation of the blood in the human body and to provide experiments and arguments to support this idea. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Van Leeuwenhoek is best known for his pioneering work in microscopy and for his contributions toward the establishment of microbiology as a scientific discipline -
Apothecaries
Apothecary shops sold ingredients and the medicines they prepared wholesale to other medical practitioners, as well as dispensing them to patients. In seventeenth century England, they also controlled the trade of tobacco which was imported as a medicine. -
Average life span in the 17th century
The average lifespan in the 17th century was about 40 years -
Period: to
18th Century
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Gabriel Fahrenheit
Daniel Fahrenheit invented the first truly accurate thermometer using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures. In the laboratory, he used his invention to develop the first temperature scale precise enough to become a worldwide standard -
James Lind
James Lind was a Scottish doctor. He was a pioneer of naval hygiene in the Royal Navy. By conducting one of the first ever clinical trials, he developed the theory that citrus fruits cured scurvy. -
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox -
Average life span in the 18th century
The average lifespan in the 18th century was about 41 years -
Period: to
19th Century
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Blood Transfusion
Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, discovers the first three human blood groups, A, B, and C. Blood type C was later changed to O. His colleagues Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli add AB, the fourth type, in 1902. Landsteiner receives the Nobel Prize for Medicine for this discovery in 1930. -
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States (1849) and the first woman to have her name on the British medical register (1859). She opened the Woman's Medical College in New York (1868). -
Florence Nightingale
Though she wouldn't know it, Florence Nightingale was applying the concepts of evidence-based reform to the medical profession more than a century before. She used medical statistics to reveal the nature of infection in hospitals and on the battlefield. -
American Red Cross
The American Red Cross was founded in 1881, after Clara Barton learned of the international movement while visiting Geneva, Switzerland in 1869. This is the invitation Clara Barton sent for the first Red Cross meeting. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Wilhelm Roentgen founded the X-ray tube -
Average life span in the 19th century
The average life span in the 19th century was about 40 years for males and 42 years for females -
Period: to
20th Century
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Sir Alexander Fleming
Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming is best known for his discovery of penicillin in 1928, which started the antibiotic revolution. For his discovery of penicillin, he was awarded a share of the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. -
Open heart surgery
The first truly successful open heart operations were performed by C. Walton Lillehei using a cross-circulation technique; this method had been performed as a physiological experiment for 50 years before the first trial in a child. -
Transplants
There were many failures over the years, but by the mid-20th century, scientists were performing successful organ transplants. Transplants of kidneys, livers, hearts, pancreata, intestine, lungs, and heart-lungs are now considered routine medical treatment -
CAT scan
CT scanners, a type of X‑ray machine, became important for diagnosis within hospitals during the late 20th century. They are sometimes called CAT (computer-assisted tomography) scanners. Unlike X‑ray machines, CT scanners send multiple X‑ray beams through the body at different angles. This is called tomography -
Test tube baby
A test-tube baby is the product of a successful human reproduction that results from methods beyond sexual intercourse between a man and a woman and instead utilizes medical intervention that manipulates both the egg and sperm cells for successful fertilization. The term was originally used to refer to the babies born from the earliest applications of artificial insemination and has now been expanded to refer to children born through the use of in vitro fertilization. -
Average life span in the 20th century
The average life span in the 20th century increased from 48 to 74 years for men and from 51 to almost 80 years for women
