History of Biotechnology

By HannahCraford

  • First living cells

    In 1663 Robert Hooke first recorded the description of living cells.

  • Bacteria

    Bacteria
    1675 – Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa.

  • Breeding Mules in America

    Mules were first bred in America in the 1700's. They are created by breeding a horse and a donkey todether, which combines the best parts of both breeds, the intelligence of a horse and the sturdiness of a donkey.

  • Vaccines created

    Vaccines created
    Edward Jenner creates the first vaccine against smallpox. He innoculates a kid with his new invention, and it turns out to be a success.

  • Tissues

    1824 – Henri Dutrochet discovers that tissues are composed of living cells.

  • Protien

    Protien
    Protein is first discovered, named and recorded by Gerardus Johannes Mulder and Jöns Jacob Berzelius.

  • Laws of inheritance

    1863 – Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.

  • first centrifuge to seperate cream and milk

    In 1864 Antonin Prandtl invents first centrifuge to seperate cream from milk.

  • Artificial Sweeteners

    1871 – Ernst Hoppe-Seyler discovers invertase, which is still used for making artificial sweeteners.

  • Bacteria Orgin

    1862 – Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.

  • Scientists create first rabies vaccine

    Louis Pasteur and Emily Roux develop the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister.

  • Term ; Biotechnology was first used

    In 1919, Karl Erkey used the word biotechnology for the first time.

  • Certain Molud stop the duplication of bacteria

    In 1928, Alexander Flemming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria; which lead to the first antiobiotics and penicilin

  • DNA Structure

    DNA Structure
    1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA.

  • Chimpanzees and Gorillas

    Chimpanzees and Gorillas
    1972 – The DNA composition of chimpanzees and gorillas is discovered to be 99% similar to that of humans.

  • biocement for first industrial applications

    In 1974, Scientist invent the first biocement for industial applications.

  • Monocional Antibodies

    1975 – Method for producing monoclonal antibodies developed by Köhler and César Milstein.

  • DNA Molecule

    1978 – North Carolina scientists Clyde Hutchison and Marshall Edgell show it is possible to introduce specific mutations at specific sites in a DNA molecule.

  • Insulin Drug

    1982 – Humulin, Genentech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

  • PCR

    1983 – The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived.

  • gene therapy treatment

    1990 – First federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.

  • Cystic Fibrosis

    1999 – Discovery of the gene responsible for developing cystic fibrosis.

  • Human Genome Project

    Celera Genomics and the Human Genome Project create a draft of the human genome sequence. It is published by science and nature magazine

  • Rice

    In 2002, rice becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded

  • Human Genome Project

    The human genome project is completed, providing information on the locations and the sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes

  • International Space Station

    Japanese astronomers launch the first medical expierement module called "Kibo", to be used on the international space station.

  • SAN Heart Genes

    2009 – Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute uses modified SAN heart genes to create the first viral pacemaker in guinea pigs, now known as iSANs.

  • Nevrous Sysyem Bionic Leg

    2012 – Thirty-one-year-old Zac Vawter successfully uses a nervous system-controlled bionic leg to climb the Chicago Willis Tower.

  • Cloning used to make stem cells from adult humans

    John Gearheart at the University of Pennsylvania reported that the use of skin cells from a man 35 and another 75 to create stem cells from cloned embryos. This develops patient -specific stem cells.

  • Stem Cells are used to cure someone

    Stem cells were taken by Tabakow, Raisman to a man who was paralyzed to repair spinal cord injury. After the stem cells were put into the man he was able to walk