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Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House on January 31, 1865, and adopted on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed it to have been adopted. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. -
Fourteenth Amendment
14th amendment: The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. -
Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Plessy vs Ferguson: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities. -
Integration of Armed Forces
The integration of the armed forces was a momentous event in American military and national history; it represented a milestone in the development of the armed forces and the fulfilment of the democratic ideal. The existence of integrated rather than segregated armed forces is an important factor in our military establishment today. The experiences in World War II and the post-war pressures generated by the civil rights movement compelled all the services Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. -
Brown vs. Board
Brown vs Board: Brown v. Board of Education, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students. -
Emmet Till Murdered
Emmett Louis Till (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was an African-American boy who was murdered in Mississippi at the age of 14 after reportedly flirting with a white woman. Till was from Chicago, Illinois, visiting his relatives in Money, Mississippi, in the Mississippi Delta region, when he spoke to 21-year-old Carolyn Bryant, the married proprietor of a small grocery store there. Several nights later, Bryant's husband Roy and his half-brother J. W. Milam arrived at Till's great-uncle's house -
Rosa Parks Bus Boycott
Montgomery bus incident: Rosa Parks rode at the front of a Montgomery, Alabama, bus on the day the Supreme Court's ban on segregation of the city's buses took effect. A year earlier, she had been arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus. -
Crisis at Central Highschool "Little Rock Nine"
Little Rock Nine: The Little Rock Nine were a group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school. -
Greensboro Sit-Ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in 1960 which led to the Woolworth's department store chain reversing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. While not the first sit-ins of the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, leading to increased national sentiment at a crucial period in US history. The primary event took place at the Greensboro, North Carolina Woolworth’s store, now the International. -
SNCC Founded
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960. SNCC grew into a large organization with many supporters in the North who helped raise funds to support SNCC's work -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides: The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961 when seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses bound for the Deep South. They intended to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional. -
"James Meredith"- The interation of the university of Mississippi
James Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an American civil rights movement figure, a writer, and a political adviser. In 1962, he was the first African-American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, an event that was a flashpoint in the American civil rights movement. Motivated by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kenned -
John F Kennedy Presidency
On January 2, 1960, Kennedy initiated his campaign for President in the Democratic primary election, where he faced challenges from Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon. Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin and West Virginia, Morse in Maryland and Oregon, as well as token opposition (often write-in candidates) in New Hampshire, Indiana, and Nebraska. Kennedy visited a coal mine in West Virginia; most miners and others in that predominantly conservative, Protes -
MLK Arrested and jailed
Martin Luther King Jr was arrested becuse of a nonviolent protest demonstrating against segregation in Birmingham Alabama. He was arrested for demonstrating without a permit and placed him in the Birmingham City Jail for 11 days. During his time In jail, King wrote his famous "letter From Birmingham City Jail" in which he argued that it was a moral obligation to disobey unjust laws, and that African Americans have waited long enough for there full rights as citizens. -
I Have a Dream Speech
This famous speech was performed at the "march on washington" by Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and called for an end to segregation in America and spoke of human and civil rights. -
16th Street Baptist Church Birmingham
On Sunday, September 15th 1963, the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, (an african american church), Alabama was bombed. It was intended as an act of racially motivated terrorism. The explosion killed four girls, and marked a turning point in the U.S. 1960s Civil Rights Movement and contributed to support for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
John F Kennedy Assassination
On this date in 1963, President John F Kennedy was in his car during a parade, when he was shot in the head by a sniper. The man convicted for his murder was a man named Lee Harvey Oswald -
Twenty-Fourth Amendment
The 24th Amendment of the US constitution bans a previous rule entitled the “poll tax”, which taxed people to vote. Since then, citizens of America now have the right to vote in any election and not have to pay tax to vote. -
3 Civil Rights Workers Murdered in Mississippi
Three white, young civil rights workers from New York- James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner - disappeared from Neshoba County. Their Bodies were found that august in a dam. -
Civil Rights Act 1964 Passed
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal US law which bans racial, religious or sexist discrimination. It only applies to employers with fifteen or more employees or to private and public colleges and university, employment agencies and labour organisations. -
Malcolm X Shot to Death
Malcolm X was a Muslim, African American man who preached racial equality. Three Audience members at a Lecture at Harlem’s Audubon Ballroom, which Malcolm had been renting for his organisation shot and killed Malcolm X. -
Selma To Montgomery Marches
A nonviolent march lead by Dr Martin Luther King Jr which brought thousands to demonstrate racial equality. The march was from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama -
Voting Rights Act Passed
The Voting Rights Act (VRA) bans racial discrimination in voting practices by the federal government as well as by state and local governments. -
Stokley Carmichael "Black Power"
Stokely Carmichael was a civil rights activist and was the national chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in 1966 and 1967. He is most well known for coining the term "black power", which emphasized intergration between the 'blacks' and the 'whites' -
Black Panther Party Founded
The Black Panthers are a U.S. African-American militant party, founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. They used violent revolution as their means of achieving black liberation, the Black Panthers called on African Americans to arm themselves for the liberation struggle. -
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Assassinated
At 6:01 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot by a Sniper. He was shot on the balcony in front of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, when he was shot with a 30-caliber rifle bullet. He was immediately taken to a nearby hospital but was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968 Passed
In 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. This act gave equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.
