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13,14,15 Amendments
Description: The United States Constitution's 13th Amendment abolished slavery and compulsory servitude, The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the nation, including former slaves, and promised “equal protection of the laws” to all citizens, and the 15th said the federal government and each state are forbidden from refusing a person the right to vote depending on their race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
13,14,15 Amendments
Date: 13th: January 31, 1865, 14: June 8, 1866, 15th: February 3, 1870
Significance: The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and set in motion the long-term aim of ensuring equality for all citizens of the United States. The 14th amendment was important because it ensured that states guarantee the privileges given by the Bill of Rights to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. African Americans won the freedom to vote with the passage of the 15th amendment.
Group: African Americans -
Tuskegee Institute created
Description: Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 with a charter from the Alabama legislature to train African American teachers in the state. Tuskegee's program offered both academic and vocational training to students.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement:It was the first African-American institution of higher learning, and opponents accused Washington of being an accommodationist because he downplayed racism, ethnic abuse against black people, and prejudice. -
Tuskegee Institute created
Group: African Americans -
Plessy v Ferguson
Description: The Supreme Court held in this case that segregated, "fair but different" public accommodations for blacks and whites did not break the 14th Amendment. Segregation became legal as a result of this decision. -
Plessy v Ferguson
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: Plessy v. Ferguson was significant because it effectively declared racial segregation to be unconstitutional. It served as a guiding legal precedent for more than half a century, prohibiting constitutional challenges to racial discrimination before it was eventually reversed by the United States Supreme Court.
Group: African Americans -
NAACP created
Description: W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, Mary White Ovington, and others formed the NAACP in 1909 in response to the problems faced by African Americans, especially in the aftermath of the 1908 Springfield (Illinois) Race Riot. The NAACP's mission was and continues to be to ensure minority community citizens' democratic, cultural, social, and economic inclusion. -
NAACP created
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: During the 1920s and 1930s, the organization was in the forefront of the black civil rights movement, battling injustices such as deprivation of voting rights, racial brutality, workplace segregation, and segregated public services.
Group: African American -
19th Amendment
Description: The United States Constitution's Nineteenth Amendment forbids states and the federal government from refusing residents of the United States the ability to vote depending on their gender.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: Was notable because it gave American women the freedom to vote, also known as women's suffrage, and it was ratified on August 18, 1920, putting an end to nearly a century of opposition.
Group: Women -
Executive order 9981
Description: This executive order terminated discrimination in the US Armed Forces "on the grounds of ethnicity, color, religion, or national origin," which contributed to the end of segregation in the services after the Korean War. -
Truman’s Desegregation Of The Military
Description: Truman desegregated the military in order to gain African-American political recognition and improve the United States' international prestige. He signed Executive Order 9981, which made it illegal to discriminate against military personnel based on their ethnicity, color, faith, or national origin. -
Executive order 9981
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: Executive Order 9981 desegregated the United States military and opened the way for the civil rights movement. African-Americans had a long tradition of military service before the order went into effect. In this sense, the military desegregation took place in 1948.
Group: African Americans -
Truman’s Desegregation Of The Military
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: Despite the fact that some white military personnel objected to the order and bigotry persisted in the military, Executive Order 9981 was the first big blow to segregation, giving African-American demonstrators optimism that reform was imminent.
Group: African Americans -
Brown v Board of Education
Description: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark Supreme Court decision from 1954 in which the justices unanimously held that racial segregation of students in public schools was unconstitutional. -
Brown v Board of Education
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka sparked the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. The Supreme Court held that desegregation of public schools was illegal, granting the civil rights movement a fresh look.
Group: African Americans -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: It was the Supreme Court's first decision in favor of desegregation. It proved that racism was racist, particularly though multiple classes were viewed similarly.
Group: African Americans -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Description: The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights demonstration in Montgomery, Alabama, during which African Americans declined to ride city buses because of segregated seating. Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American immigrant, was arrested and charged for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Description: Since the Civil Rights Act of 1875, the Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first federal civil rights statute enacted by the United States Congress. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law after it was approved by the 85th United States Congress. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which eliminated segregation of public spaces and outlawed job discrimination based on race, colour, faith, sex, or national origin, is recognized as one of the civil rights movement's crowning political victories.
Group: African Americans -
Greensboro NC Sit-in’s
Description: Four African-American college students approached a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and respectfully demanded service. The request was turned down. They sat in their seats when ordered to leave. -
Greensboro NC Sit-in’s
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: The Greensboro Sit-In was a defining moment in Black and American history, catapulting the civil rights movement around the country. Its peaceful strategies inspired the Freedom Riders and other civil rights activists in the South to join the fight for segregation.
Group: African Americans -
March on Washington – “I have a Dream Speech”
Description: "I Have a Dream" is a public speech made by Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington for Work and Equality, in which he called for racial and economic rights as well as an end to segregation in the United States. -
March on Washington – “I have a Dream Speech”
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech "I Have a Dream" was given on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington. It was a cry for democracy and liberation that became one of the most famous speeches in American history and one of the founding points of the civil rights movement.
Group: African Americans -
24 Amendment
Description: The United States Constitution's Twenty-fourth Amendment forbids Congress and states from tying the right to vote in presidential elections to the paying of a poll tax or any form of tax.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: It essentially stopped African Americans from acquiring more political influence, but it had an especially strong impact in the South.
Group: African Americans -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Description: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a historic civil rights and labor legislation that forbids discrimination on the grounds of color, ethnicity, faith, sex, national origin, and later sexual orientation and gender identity. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: It is recognized as one of the civil rights movement's crowning political victories, as it eliminated segregation in public spaces and outlawed job discrimination based on ethnicity, colour, gender, sex, or national origin.
Group: African Americans -
March from Selma Alabama
Description: The marches were led by peaceful activists to show African-American citizens' ability to exercise their civil right to vote in the face of segregationist repression; they were part of a larger voting rights protest taking place in Selma and throughout the American South. -
March from Selma Alabama
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: The march was supposed to be a nonviolent expression of the outrage many felt in their struggle to resolve the barriers that stood in the way of voting for African Americans and other minorities around the world.
Group: African Americans -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Description: President Lyndon B. Johnson signed this act into law on August 6, 1965. It made unfair voting procedures, such as literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting, illegal in many southern states after the Civil War. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which eliminated segregation of public spaces and outlawed job discrimination based on race, color, faith, sex, or national origin, is recognized as one of the civil rights movement's crowning political victories.
Group: African Americans -
Thurgood Marshall appointed to Supreme Court
Description: President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall, a well-known civil rights lawyer, to be the first African-American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: Thurgood Marshall was a civil rights activist. As a civil rights activist, Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American Supreme Court Justice (1967-1991), demolished legal segregation in America.
Group: African Americans -
MLK assassinated
Description: A shot was heard coming from a different direction. King was airlifted to the hospital, where he died an hour later. When King was wounded, a young colleague, Jesse Jackson, was standing below his balcony, chatting with him. -
MLK assassinated
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: His assassination triggered an outpouring of outrage among African-Americans, as well as a time of national mourning, which aided in the enactment of a fair housing law, which would be the civil rights era's final major legislative accomplishment.
Group: African Americans -
(ERA) Equal Rights Amendment proposed & defeated
Description: Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment on March 22, 1972, and it was referred to the states for ratification. It required the authorization of three-fourths (38) of the 50 states' legislatures in order to be added to the Constitution. The amendment had been ratified by the legislators of 35 states by 1977. -
(ERA) Equal Rights Amendment proposed & defeated
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement: The Equal Rights Amendment was notable because it would shield people from discrimination based on their ethnicity, gender identity, or sexual orientation.
Group: Women -
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to Supreme Court
Description: Sandra O'Conner became the first feminist to serve on the nation's supreme court since receiving unanimous Senate approval. In several critical cases, including the upholding of Roe v. Wade, O'Connor was a crucial swing vote. After 24 years of service, she resigned in 2006. -
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to Supreme Court
Significance: Sandra Day O'Connor made history as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States.
Group: Women
