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Period: Jan 7, 1266 to Jan 8, 1337
Giotto
An Italian painter and architect who is considered one of the first Renaissance artists -
Period: Jul 20, 1304 to Jul 19, 1374
Petrarch
Often called the "Father of Humanism", credited with imitating the 14th century renaissance, and was a model for lyrical poetry -
Period: Jan 1, 1370 to
Italian Renaissance
A revival of classical culture in Italy -
Period: Jan 1, 1380 to
Northern Renaissance
A revival of culture outside of Italy that had fewer ties to the classical era. -
Period: Jan 1, 1386 to Dec 13, 1466
Donatello
Italian sculptor, created the Statue of David, and developed illusionism -
Period: Mar 4, 1394 to Nov 13, 1460
Henry the Navigator
Systematically explored the coast of West Africa, established trade routes for the Portuguese, and was responible for early development of Portuguese exploration -
Sep 26, 1419
Age of Portuguese Exploration and Expansion
The Portuguese started an age of exploration and naval importance after their exploration of the West Coast of Africa. -
Period: Apr 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519
Da Vinci
Symbol of the Italian Renaissance, example of perfect "Renaissance Man", painter, architect, and inventor. Painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. -
Jan 1, 1453
Ottoman takeover of Constantinople
Holy Roman Empire falls in the east -
Jan 1, 1455
Gutenberg's Printing Press
Gutenberg's device allows mass production of literature, causing a spread of ideas and literacy -
Period: Jan 28, 1457 to Apr 21, 1509
Henry VII
The first in the line of Tudor monarchs. -
Period: Sep 26, 1465 to Aug 11, 1519
Tetzel
German friar and preacher who sold indulgances in exchange for money. -
Period: May 3, 1469 to Jun 21, 1527
Machiavelli
Author of "The Prince" which gave a view of the government systems of time, and how power should be obtained and maintained. -
Period: Mar 6, 1475 to Feb 18, 1564
Michelangelo
Creator of the Sistine Chapel artwork and he was considered the greatest artist in his lifetime. He had great influence on Western art -
Period: Apr 6, 1483 to Apr 6, 1520
Raphael
Italian painter, who made works such as "The School of Athens", considered one of the great masters of his time -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Luther
Started the Protestant Reformation after posting his 95 Theses. -
Period: Jan 1, 1484 to Oct 11, 1531
Zwingli
A leader of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland, -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
Henry VIII
Responsiblie for the separatioln of the Church of England from the Catholic Church. Started the idea of Divine Right. -
Period: Oct 23, 1491 to Jul 31, 1556
Ignatius Loyola
Religious leader of the Counter-Reformation. Founded the Society of Jesus and had complete obediance to the pope. -
Jan 1, 1492
Spain- 3 Events (Granada conquered, Columbus, expulsion of Jews)
Spain was completely under catholic rule, Columbus' expedition to America, Jews were banished from Spain -
Sep 26, 1492
Age of Spanish Exploration and Expansion
Similar to the Portueguese age of exploration. The Spanish discovered the Americas in 1492, and were more investigative of the lands they found than their Portuguese counterparts. -
Period: Sep 12, 1494 to Mar 31, 1547
Francis I
Monarch of Valois, he initiated the French Renaissance, and started the French colonization of America. -
Oct 26, 1494
France invades Italy
Charles VIII gathered an army of 25,000 men, 8,000 Swiss mercenaries, and the first siege train to include artillery. With this he invaded the Italian peninsula, which was succesful at first, but Italy then joined together to oppose the French forces. -
Period: Feb 24, 1500 to Sep 21, 1558
Charles V
Apposed the Protestant Reformation, and helped start the Counter-Reformation -
Jan 1, 1509
"The School of Athens"
A fresco made by Raphael that embodies the connection of the Renaissance to the Classical age. Is considered to be Raphael's greatest work. -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to Mar 27, 1564
Calvin
A leadrer in the Protestant Reformation, created a Christian theology that later became known as Calvinism. -
Jan 1, 1513
"The Prince"
Machiavelli's "The Prince" shows his ideals of government and Renaissance Princes -
Period: Mar 28, 1515 to Oct 4, 1582
Teresa of Avila
A prominent Spanish mystic, Counter-Reformation leader, and believer of contemplative life through mental prayer. -
Jan 1, 1517
95 Theses
Martin Luther posts his ideas of how the church is corrupt and kick starts the Protestant Reformation -
Jan 1, 1517
Reformation
The schism of Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther's "95 Theses" stating the issues with the Catholic Church. Many new groups of Christianity spawned as a result of this Reformation -
Sep 26, 1517
Growth of Lutheranism
A religious movement that started as a reform for the Catholic church. This was popluar in Northern Europe, and people followed Luther and his ideas. -
Sep 26, 1519
Growth of Calvinism
A major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and Christian practice of John Calvin. Popular in Nothern Europe. -
Jan 1, 1543
Copernicus' "On the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies"
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Sep 26, 1545
Catholic Reformation
The Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation. Began with the council of Trent. -
Period: Sep 26, 1545 to Sep 26, 1563
Council of Trent
The embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. Defined heresies of the Protestant Reformation and clarification of Church Doctrine. -
Jan 1, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
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Oct 25, 1555
Abdication of Charles V
Charles abdicated the territories of Netherlands and Charolais, then abdicated himself from his empire, handing it to his son Phillip. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
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Edict of Nantes passed by Henry IV
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Elizabeth I of England died
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Beginning of the 30 Years' War
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Charles I is executed and Cromwell came to power in England