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1830 Reserve System
The Aboriginals were placed onto reserves because the government was afraid that the Aboriginal people would cause problems in the future about the lands in North America. Therefore they were placed on reserves where they experience starvation, lots of poverty and the children were placed into residential schools where they experienced physical abuse and assimilation. -
1876 Indian Act
The Indian Act is where the federal government has been in charge of aboriginal affairs. But the Indian Act, which was presented in 1876 it allowed the government to control most aspects of aboriginal life mainly Indian status, land, resources, wills, education, band administration and so on. -
Aboriginal Right to Universal Suffrage
In March 1960, the Prime Minister of Canada pushed the voting rights legislation through Parliament. It came into effect July 1 that year. First Nations people were given a conditional right to vote status at the time of Confederation in 1867. -
1969 Residential School System is Abolished but not all Closed
In 1969, the system was taken over by the Department of Indian Affairs, which had ended church involvement between children. The government decided to abolish the residential schools. -
1969 White Paper
The White Paper of 1969 was to address the issues the Aboriginal people were facing during this time. The White Paper prepared Indian affairs, which proposed dramatic changes to the lives of Aboriginal peoples. It included the Indian Act being repealed and Aboriginal people being given control of their land -
The National Indian Brotherhood and Native Council is Found
The National Indian Brotherhood led the attack. Instead of Assimilation into the non aboriginal society, they demand self-government for Aboriginal peoples and control over their own affairs. Which led to the red paper responding to the white paper. The Native Council was founded in 1971, the central objective of the NCC, and now CAP, has been to represent the interests of off-reserve status and non-status Indians, Métis and some Inuit people. -
1763 Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation is a document that set out guidelines for European settlement of Aboriginal territories, however some opponents claimed that the proclamation cannot be valid in parts of Canada, such as the North of Canada and British Columbia, that were not known to the British that time. -
1980s Movement Towards Self Government
In 1982 the movement towards self-government meant that Aboriginal people could argue that this movement would let them have the right to manage their resources, gain control of their, education, culture and justice system. Also it would let them tackle social and health concerns within their communities. This group of people would represent the Aboriginal peoples in their dealing with the federal government. -
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Assembly of the First Nations
The Assembly of First Nations represents the over 630 First Nation communities in Canada, but does not represent Inuit or Metis interests. Each Nation is given a seat in the Assembly, each seat is filled by a Chief or representative, and only they have the right to vote for National Chief. Individual First Nation people are not eligible to vote for the National Chief which is an ongoing of contention with First Nations. -
1985 passing of Bill C-31
On June 28, 1985, the Parliament of Canada passed Bill C-31 amending status, membership and other provisions of the Indian Act.
All First Nations governments are assessing the impact these changes will have on their communities, while at the same time are formulating mechanisms by which they can accommodate these changes through an assertion of self-governing powers. This also helps out residential Schools and Reserves, and provide better changes to these schools. -
Meech lake
Meech lake accord was a series of amendments that was negotiated by prime minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian premiers. The intention was to persuade the government of Quebec to symbiotically endorse the 1982 constitutional amendments by providing for some decentralization of the Canadian federation. -
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Oka Standoff
The Oka Crisis was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which began on July 11, 1990, and lasted 78 days until September 26, 1990 with one fatality. Started over the construction of a golf course overlapping territory. -
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Nisga’a Treaty
The Nisga'a Final Agreement, also known as the Nisga'a Treaty, is a treaty that was settled between the Nisg̱a'a, the government of British Columbia, and the Government of Canada. The Nisga'a Treaty establishes decision-making authority for Nisga'a Government within a model that the Nisga'a have been accustomed to and have accepted for many years. -
Ipperwash Ontario
This was a crisis where a dispute over indigenous land took place at Ipperwash Provincial park, Ontario, in 1995. During a violent confrontation, the Ontario Provincial Police killed protester Dudley George. George was unarmed when an OPP officer fired and killed him, believing the flashlight he held in his hand was a weapon. -
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Gustafson Lake BC
The standoff began on August 18, 1995, and ended on September 17, 1995. The RCMP operation would end up being the most costly of its kind in Canadian history having involved 400 police officers and support from the Canadian Military. The predominantly indigenous occupiers believed that the ranch land on which they stood was both sacred space and part of a larger tract of Shuswap territory. This touches on Aboriginal self-government and how the Canadian government tries to prevent. -
1998 Delgamuukw Case
The Delgamuukw case is the content and the extent of Aboriginal title for example ownership of traditional lands. The Supreme Court of Canada observed that Aboriginal title constituted an ancestral right protected by Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. Influenced by the Calder case, the ruling in the Delgamuukw case had an impact on other court cases about Aboriginal rights and title. -
Statement of Reconciliation issued in 1998
On January 7, 1998, the Canadian government issued a "Statement of Reconciliation" contained within a document entitled Gathering Strength Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan -
1999 Creation of Nunavut
On April 1, 1999, the new territory of Nunavut was born, finally making the controversial dream of the Northwest Territories Inuit a reality. It meant the Inuit gained self-rule and control over their own institutions. This was the result of favour of self-determination. But along with the territory come the challenges of combating suicide, reversing assimilation and regaining a sense of identity.
