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Period: 500 to 1400
Midieval Period
Starts right after the fall of the Roman empire.
Influences of Medieval Music:
-The crusades that came along with the growth of Christianity
-The idea of courtly love
-The music and songs of troubadours and minstrels
-The patronage of Medieval nobles
-Poets and authors
Main Elements:
Dark Ages (500-1000)
-Gregorian chant
-crude notation (an approximate indication of pitch)
Later Medieval
-polyphonic vocal texture (sacred and secular)
-staff notation (precise indication of pitch and rhythm -
Jan 1, 1098
Hildegard of Bigen
Lived from 1098 to 1179
Composed secular works
Works:
Ordo Virtutum
O Pastor Animarum -
Jan 1, 1150
Leonin
Lived from 1150 to 1201
Created the Magnus Liber Organi that contained around 100 pieces
Used melismatic improvisation -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance Period
The period of great artistic resurgence for Europe.
Music Elements:
-Arsnova (new way of notating meter)
*perfection = triple meter
*imperfection = duple meter
Types of Music:
Secular
-non-religious
Sacred
-music controlled, performed by, and written for church -
Jan 1, 1505
Thomas Tallis
Lived from 1505 to 1585 - England
Created Anglican music that established the formal and stylistic norms of an entirely new repertory in enlgish. -
Jan 1, 1532
Orlando de Lassus
Lived from 1532 to 1594
Works:
Musica Dei Donum
Mantona mia cara -
Period: to
Baroque Period
A new movement in art of bold, clear, and easily interpreted detail.
Musical Elements:
-Unity of rhythm over a whole movement (strong feeling of pulse)
Genres:
-Opers, Cantata, Oratorio, Concerto, and Sonata
Types of Music:
-Fugue
-Concerto Grosso -
Antonio Vivaldi
Lived from 1680 to 1750 - Venice, Italy
-Late Baroque composer-in-residence (Patrons and Audiences), violinist, music teacher
Works:
L'Estro Armonico Opus -
George Frideric Handel
Lived from 1685 to 1759 - London, England
German-British composer was famous for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Served aristocratic patrons.
Works:
Giulio Cesare in Egitto
Messiah
Saul -
JS Bach
Lived from 1685 to 1750
German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist. Remembered for his secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments.
Works:
Durch Adams Fall
Cantata 140 -
Period: to
Classical Period
During this period of time music was developed on expression. -
Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart
Lived from 1756 to 1791 - Austria/Vienna
A Child prodigy, composer, and performer. His music was very accessible and popular.
Composed over 600 works. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Lived from 1770 to 1827 - Germany/Vienna
A composer and pianist. A philosopher of music. One of the most famous and influential. Had a heroic attitude to life. -
Carl Czerny
Lived from 1791 to 1875 - Austria.
A pianist, composer, and teacher. Best remembered for his book of Etudes for the piano. A student of Ludwig van Beethoven -
Franz Schubert
Lived from 1797 to 1828 - Austria
A composer in the early romantic era and is one of the most frequently performed composers.
Example Works:
Erl King -
Period: to
Romantic Period
Related to the European artistic and literary movement that arose in the second half of the 18th century. Dominated more within Germany.
Musical Elements:
-softer pulse in the music
-speed fluctuations -
Johannes Brahms
Lived from 1833-1897 - Germany/Vienna/Austria
A composer, pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. He was born in Germany but spent most of his professional life in Vienna and Austria.