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14th Amendment Ratified
"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." (US Constitution) -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Segregation declared Constitutional -
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Reconstruction Efforts Undone
More money put into the funding of white schools than black schools. Reconstruction efforts are undone to comply with the new legislative policy. -
The NAACP filed Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County in federal court.
Davis v. Prince Edward County, and four other cases, became part of Brown v. Board of Education. -
Linda Brown is required to walk six blocks to her bus stop to ride to her all black school one mile away.
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Brown v. Board of Education
Segregation declared unconsitutional: "We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." (Brown v. Board of Education) -
Leona Tate, Gail Etienne, and Tessie Prevost integrate McDonogh No. 19.
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Ruby Bridges Attends William Frantz
Bridges attends the all white William Frantz Elementary School, generating debates between whites and blacks. -
Bridges returns to William Frantz without protesters and without US Marshalls to protect her.
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Norman Rockwell paints "The Problem We All Live With."
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Ruby Bridges founds the Ruby Bridges foundation.
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A 1st grade class in Milwaukee sends around a petition to honor Ruby Bridges.
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A resolution is passed marking November 14 as the day of integration, honoring Ruby Bridges forever.
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William Frantz Elementary school is nearly 100% black.
