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Standford B Dole
-His relation with u.s-him and his family made the Dole pineapple company
-Effects played a prominet and active role in the over thrown of queen Liluokalam
-Gov 1900-1903
-Connections-Family had pineapple plantations led the provisinal Gov while it worked out plans for the U.S to annex the island during Spanish American War -
Alfred thayer mahan
-Theodore Roosevelt was one of mahans followers
-His book he wrote the influence of sea powers upon history
-Argued to a cheive world power a country headed a power Navy
-Waval bases to provide fueling stations -
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Henry Cabot Lodge
-Henry was Republican U.S senator from (1893-1924)
-Henry Lodge had support of a strong Navy which resulted in a relationship with Theodore Roosevelt, Later differed in domestic matters.
-Lodge was an advocate for American Action against Spain in 1898
-Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Lodge wanted to introduce the U.S to imperialism like the European countries -
Sinking of the USS Maine
-The Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American citizens while Cuba revolutionaries were fighting Spain for independence
-The newspaper writers on blamed Spain for explosion so there was a public uproar
-Many Americans saw this as a chance to size other overseas possessions and the begin building an American Empire -
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Spanish American War
Causes-Americas support of Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule
Location of military action-Philipines,Cuba,Puerto Rico ,Guam,Asia Pacific
Effect of the peace treaty-The cession of the Philipines involved a payment of 20 million from the U.S to spain and the U.S became a world power
U.S military Policy; The navy was being created as a large defense -
USS Maine
-In 1898, uss main was sent to havana to protect u.s interests during a cuban revo -
Open door Policy
-Cause-They wanted to build an Empire
-United States did not have a sphere of influence of economic Activities
-Protect American businessmen and investors that American would shut out of china by the European powers
-U.S participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the Rebellion as an excuse to dismember China. -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
-Was William McKinley vice president 1901 in September Roosevelt became president when William was assassinated
Catch Phrase-"Speak softly and carry a big stick" Do not use verbal threats but do make others aware that you are prepared to use physical force (U.S Navy)
Domestic Policy-Crater Lake National Park
Wind Cave National Park
Sullys Hill
Platt National Park
Mesa Verde National Park -
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Building of Panama Canal
Purpose-American leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quiclky and cheaply B/W Atlantic and pacific ocean
-colombia and panama at the time Teddy R made a deal with Panamania rebels who wanted to negotiate war ship were sent to protect panamas rebels giving them their own country and Gov.
-Roosevelt wanted the canal almost at once the construction expenses ranged from thousands of lives,10 years and 4 million dollars -
Roosevelt Corollary
Policy-The policy changed the Monroe Doctrine Changed
Stated Purpose-Was for no European nation to trade with Latin America "chronic wrong doing" purpose a phrase that included large debts or civil unrest which led to U.S military action.
How it was actually used-It was considered "Yankee imperiolism" by Latin America about 35 times, creating an undisputed sphere of influence throughout the hemisphere "speak softly and carry a big stick" the stick was the U.S Navy -
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Dollar Diplomacy
Purpose-Promote American Foreign Policy Goals
Intended-Make America more money
-Take place in Caribbean region
-U.S bankers banded money to Latin American countries if they couldn't repay loans U.S marines were sent in to assure repayment by force -
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Weapons Of Total War Part B
Tanks-Designed 4 front-line combats,was also used as shield f/ heavy machinery had heavy power
Airplane-1st used as a reconnaissance plane 4 the front-lines later equipped w/ weapons 2 create a flying weapon -
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Weapons Of Total War Part B
CannedFood-Created 2 feed soldiers during war made possible thx 2 the creation of tinned can The food didnt spoil 4 the man in the trenches
Poisongas-During the warfare poison gases based on mustard were used in WW1 but latr prohibited by the Geneve protocol of '25 later also by the chemical weapons convention of '93 -
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WW1
-Leading by mid-August to the out break of the WW1 which pitted Germany Austria Hungary and the ottoman empire against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan
-Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism-Was occurring in Europe while led to the beginning of WW1
-By the time WW1 ended in the defeat of central powers in November 1918 more than 9 million solder had killed
-But the assassination of the Archdure franz Ferdinand was the spark that started the WW1 -
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Weapons of total war
-Submarine to go underwater
-Create mines/underwater bombs
-enemy ships
-Mines to destroy surface ships and submarines
-To destroy their enemys
-Hamper enemy shipping movements or lock vessels into a Harbor
-Machine Guns not carry guns around this made it easier.
-took up to many men to work to make working easiers
-Trench welfare protect soldiers from enemys
- caused both sides to use some methods which protected them from machine guns
- Not matched by similar advances in Mobility -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany declared the area around British Isles a war zone, which all ships would be attacked by the German Navy. A string of attacks on merchant ships followed culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat
-The incident promoted U.S President Woodrow Wilson to send a note to the German government demanding an end to German attacks against unarmed merchant ships and the German navy commanders did no accept this degree of passivity and continued -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-The sinking of the Cunard Ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on 5/7/1915 during the 1st world war as Germany waged submarine warfare against the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the British Royal Navy Blockaded Germany -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the U.S prior to the lattes entry into the war.Early in 191 Germany had institute a policy of unrestricted ships but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning -
Zimmerman Telegram
-The zimmerman Telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued 4rm the German Foreign office in Jan/1917 that proposed a military alliance b/w Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States entering World War 1 vs. Germany -
Alvin York
-Was a 29 year old who was a typical draftee under privileged under educated
-In the battle of the Argonne forest with nothing but his pistol and rifle he reportedly killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners.
-He received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions. -
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America Expeditionary Force
-The AEF consisted of the U.S armed forces sent to Europe under the command of General John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight WW1.
-14,000 U.S soldiers had arrived in France and the AEF had only a minor participation
-Nickname "dough boys" possibly because of the white belt they wore which they clean the pipe day of "dough"
-Pershing believe in a combat and felt that 3 years of trench warfare made allies too defensive. American forced to stop German advance. -
Espionage B Sedition Acts
-Interfering with war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane or abusive about Gov or war effort
-A person could be fined up to 10,000 and sentenced 20 years in jail
-A man by the name of Charles Schenck distributed 1,000 flyers to recently drafted men saying "involuntary servitude" was taken to tried. -
Fourteen Point Plan
-The fourteen point plan ideas were distributed would wide by the gov writing for George Creel in the American Committee on public information
-Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson's plans were distributed to allied nation and dropped from planes above Germany
-Allies agreed to accept to the fourteen point as the basis for the country peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
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Battle of Argonne Forest
-Would attacks the German lines at flanders.
Reasons of obj-Was one of a series of Allied attacks knows as the Hundred days offensive
Effect of this battle on the war-The battle was known for the lost Battalion the combine attack was an success and was to create the begging of the war -
Schenck vs. U.S.
-Charles Schecnk was convicted for distributions literaturethat encouraged men to resist the draft in WW1
-Schenck claims 1st amendment was violated
-Count ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like "clear and present danger and shouting "fire" in a crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment -
League of nations
-Intergovermental organization as a result of the Paris peace conference
-Purpose was to maintain world peace
-Weakness lacked there own armed forces they depended on the great powers but they were Reluctant to help
-The league severly weakened when several major powers such as the U.S and Russia failed to join it
-League proved incapable of preventing aggression by axi power and countries started withdrawing from the league