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Pledge of Allegiance
-it was written by Francis Bellamy
-it changed since 1892 to 1954 before it was agreed on
-it was changed so immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth country & the US
-in 1923 they added "the flag of the United States" a year later added "of America"
-in June 14, 1954 added "under God" by a joint resolution of congress
-from 1954 till this day, we the people of the US pledge of allegiance since the last change in 1954 -
father of the naval aviation
-Glenn Curtis was the !st to drive a plane w/ an engine in 1902
-in 1908 he designed a sea plane that could land on water
-landed his "hydroplane" in a naval aviation
-convinced the secretary of the navy to buy the 1st aircraft
-in 1912 he developed a larger flying boat
-constructed the 1st airplane to cross the alantic ocean for the US navy -
Social Darwinism
-haves were rich people, or people the had power
-if you were poor or not educated then it meant you don't deserve to have money or power and were a "have not"
-concept behind Social Darwinism was racism, money, and power
-what social classes owe to each other was a pamphlet by William Graham Summers about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
Henry Ford
-when manufacture 1st adopted their assembly line to their production process, they often achieved dramatic gains in productivity
-Ford was producing 1.6 billion cars/year at a pace of less than $300 per car
-the growth in automobile ownership, from 8 to 24 million, greatly affected all aspects of American life
-Ford payed his workers $5/hour so they could afford the model T they built -
19th Amendment (women's suffrage)
-women around the country had been fighting for the right to vote for over 300 years
-women started voting in gov't elections and becoming in the political system -
U.N.I.A.
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-the members pledge themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights all mankind believing always in the fatherhood of god
-north and the frustrations of struggling to cope w/ urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement (united Negro Improvement Association) -
Emergency Quota Act
-it limited the number of immigrants entering the US in any one yr to 3% of each nationality group in 1910