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1492
Christopher Columbus “Founds” New World
the explorer who set sail with 3 ships and "discovered" the new world on october 12 -
1492
Columbian Exchange Begins
trading of plants, animals, diseases and slaves between old/new world -
Period: 1492 to
European Exploration Era
where European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners -
1500
Spanish Encomienda System Begins
spanish system of control over natives in much of the americas in the 16th century -
1500
Spanish Casta System Begins
strict social hierarchy structed on racial components and designed to ensure spanish european dominance in the new spain -
Period: 1500 to
Triangular Trade
a trading route between Europe, Africa and North/ South America -
Period: 1500 to
Middle Passage
routes slave ships used to transport slaves -
1520
Small Pox Begins Spreading to Native Americans
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1521
Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortez Conquers the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortez invaded Mexico, conquered the Aztec Empire and claimed Mexico for Spain -
1534
England Splits from the Catholic Church
Henry wanted to divorce his wife so he decided to split the country of England from the Catholic Church -
London Company Gains Charter for Set Up English Colony
an English joint stock company that established colonial settlements in North America -
Jamestown, Virginia Colony Founded
first permanent English settlement in North America -
Period: to
Colonial Era
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French found Quebec on the St. Lawrence River and Engage in the Fur Trade
engaged in fur trading and it helped shape develop French colonial experience in many diverse way -
Tobacco introduced to Virginia Colony by John Rolfe
John brought tobacco to Jamestown which stabilized the economy because it is a cash crop -
Virginia House of Burgesses
The first legislative assembly elected representatives in North America -
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown, Virginia Colony
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Mayflower Compact
first document to establish self-government in America -
Plymouth, Massachusetts Colony Founded
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New Hampshire Founded
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Dutch New Amsterdam Becomes Capital of New Netherland
Dutch governor surrenders New Amsterdam capital of Netherland to an English naval -
“City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop
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The Great Migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Maryland Founded
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Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut
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Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island
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Harvard College Founded in Massachusetts
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Delaware Founded
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
limited the power of the government and extended voting rights (first constitution) -
Maryland Toleration Act
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North Carolina Founded
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Iroquois Confederacy Formed
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Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
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South Carolina Founded
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New York Funded
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New Jersey Founded
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King Phillips War
the war marked the last major effort by the Indians and gave the colonists control of southern New England and cleared the way of English expansion in the area -
Bacon’s Rebellion
it hastened the hardening of racial lines dealing with slavery the war involved both white and black indentured slaves which worried the ruling class and burning of Jamestown -
Pueblo Revolt
many indigenous pueblo people that lived there were against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico also known as Pope's Rebellion -
Quaker William Penn Founds Pennsylvania
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Period: to
Enlightenment Era
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John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government Published
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English Bill of Rights
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Salem Witch Trials
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Period: to
Salutary Neglect Policy
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The Great Awakening
protestant religious revival that swept colonies(first real common colonial experience) -
Georgia Founded as a Debtors Colony
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Stono Rebellion
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French and Indian War Begins
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Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
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French and Indian War Ends
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Proclamation Line of 1763
a law that forbid colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains -
Period: to
Revolutionary Era
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Period: to
Republican Motherhood
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Sugar Act
tax on sugar -
Stamp Act
in 1765 parliament passed act to pay down war debt, it was the first tax, tax on paper -
Quartering Act
colonists were forced to house and feed soldiers -
Townshend Acts
Townshend Acts were passed to put taxes on a variety of goods including glass, lead, paper, tea and paint -
Boston Massacre
a fight between British soldiers and American colonists in Boston where 5 colonists were killed -
Tea Act
tax on tea -
Boston Tea Party
protest against British taxes in which the Sons of Liberty boarded British ships and dumped tea into Boston Harbor in 1773 -
Intolerable Acts
a series of laws set up by parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protest against the British -
First Continental Congress
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Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Published
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
first battle of the Revolutionary War -
Second Continental Congress
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Continental Army Lead by General George Washington
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Declaration of Independence
document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of America -
Benjamin Franklin Becomes French Ambassador
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Adam Smith Publishes “The Wealth of Nations”
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Winter at Valley Forge
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Battle of Saratoga
turning point in American Revolution resulting in the French alliance -
Articles of Confederation
the first constitution of the United States -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
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Battle of Yorktown
last battle of the Revolutionary War and surrender of British -
Treaty of Paris of 1783
America gained independence and become its own country -
Shays’ Rebellion
revolt by farmers to protest the high taxes and forced selling of their property -
Constitutional Convention/ Philadelphia Convention
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The 3/5ths Compromise
compromise where every 5 enslaved people counted as 3 in the states population -
Federalist Papers
essays arguing that a strong central government would protect liberty -
U.S. Constitution
a plan of government for our country and replaces the articles of confederation -
The Great Compromise
two house legislature for lower house representation would be based on population and the upper house would be equal -
Bill of Rights Added to U.S. Constitution
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The French Revolution Begins
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Washington Elected 1st President
hero of the revolutionary war and people saw him as very honest -
Washington Creates Presidential Cabinet
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Washington D.C. Becomes New US Capital
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Period: to
The Second Great Awakening
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Whiskey Rebellion
a protest and rebellion against an excise tax on whiskey that turned violent -
Alexander Hamilton Gets Congress to Approve National Bank
it helped build a strong national economy -
Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts Invented by Eli Whitney
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Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington is offering advice to the US government in order to keep the US peaceful -
XYZ Affair
US sent three diplomats to ask France to stop attacking American ships -
First Two-Party System Created (Dem-Rep vs Federalist)
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John Adams (Federalist) Elected 2nd President
John Adams was the second president of the US -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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Alien and Sedition Acts
they were four bills that the federalists passed in 1798 in preparation for an anticipated war with France -
The Market Revolution Begins
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Cult of Domesticity Begins
the way a women should be for lower class -
Election of 1800 and the Start of the Jeffersonian Era
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Period: to
Manifest Destiny
the 19th century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable -
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) Elected 3rd President
third president of the US and first to take his oath of office in Washington, DC -
Steam Locomotive Invented in Great Britain
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Marbury v. Madison
it established judicial review and demonstrates the power of the judicial branch -
Louisiana Purchase
a land deal between the US and France -
James Madison (Democratic Republican) Elected 4th President
4th president of the US, helped write the federalists papers and "father of the constitution" -
War Hawks in Congress Support War Against British
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War of 1812 Begins
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British Impressment of US Sailors
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Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent ended the war of 1812 and returned all territorial conquests made by the two sides -
Francis Scott Key Writes the Star Spangled Banner
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Federalist Party Collapses
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Period: to
Era of Good Feelings
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Tariff of 1816
a protective tariff that helped American industry by raising the prices of British goods -
James Monroe (Democratic Republican) Elected 5th President
5th president of the US and his presidency was known as the era of good feelings -
Adam- Onis Treaty/ Spain Ceded Florida to U.S.
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Compromise of 1820
for every new free state that was added to the union, a slave state should be added -
Universal Male Suffrage Begins to Rise
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Monroe Doctrine
that the US opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere -
Henry Clay’s “American System”
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John Quincy Adams (Democratic Republican) Elected 6th President
6th president of the US, eldest son of John Adams and no majority in electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide, corrupt bargain -
Erie Canal Built
allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufactures to ship finished goods to sell in the west -
Lowell, Massachusetts Textile Mill Employs Women
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Andrew Jackson (Democrat) Elected 7th President
7th president of the US, part of a new party the Democrat -
Second Two-Party System Created (Democrats vs Whigs)
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Indian Removal Act
law passed by congress and supported by Andrew Jackson allowing the US government to move Indians to the west of the Mississippi river -
Abolition Movement Begins
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Congress Passes Preemption Acts
a renewable law that guaranteed the right to buy land -
Trail of Tears Begins
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William Lloyd Garrison Publishes Abolitionist Newspaper “The Liberator”
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Andrew Jackson Vetos National Bank
he thought it was unconstitutional and was supported by the people -
Nullification Crisis
a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification -
Texas Revolution and Independence from Mexico
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Horace Mann Advocates for Public Schools
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Increased Irish and German Immigration to the North
half a million immigrants came to the United States -
Federal Support Given to Samuel Morse to Construct Telegraph Lines
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Dorothea Dix Advocates for Mentally Ill and Prison Reform
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James K. Polk Elected US President (Democrat)
James K. Polk was the 11th president of the United States -
Frederick Douglass writes autobiography “Narrative of the Life of an American Slave”
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Texas Annexation by the United States
Texas was admitted into the United States on December 29 -
Frederick Douglass Publishes Autobiography “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave”
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Irish Potato Famine Begins
potatoes were the major food source in Ireland and started to create a disease killing people -
Oregon Territory Divided Between British and U.S.
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Mexican American War Begins
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Wilmot Proviso
bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the war with Mexico -
Seneca Falls Convention
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Mexican Cession
land won by the US in the Mexican American War -
Free Soil Movement Begins
a political party that was focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexican American War Ends
it ended the US Mexican War and transferred 500,000 square miles of land from Mexico to United States ownership -
California Gold Rush
when gold was found by James Marshall over 300,000 people came to California -
Compromise of 1850
5 separate bills passed by the US congress -
Fugitive Slave Law Passed in Compromise of 1850
this act required that slaves be returned to their owners even if they were in a free state -
Harriet Tubman Begins Using Underground Railroad
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Harriet Beecher Stowe Publishes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
a novel published by Harriet Beecher in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal and immortal -
Gadsden Purchase
an agreement that the US made with Mexico, agreeing to pay Mexico 10 million for a portion of Mexico -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
a bill that gave settlers a choice to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new states border -
Republican Party Created
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Bleeding Kansas Begins
time period when there was violence happening during the settling of the Kansas territory -
Caning of Senator Sumner
democrat used a can to attack Senator Sumner -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
landmark decision of the US Supreme Court -
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
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Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins Presidential Election of 1860
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Democrat Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy
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Battle of Fort Sumter
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Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus
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Seven Southern States Secede from the Union, Forming the Confederate States of America
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Period: to
The Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Homestead Act
congress passed the homestead act offering 160 acres of free land to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household -
Battle of Vicksburg
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Gettysburg Address
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Gen. Lee Surrenders to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Court House
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President Abraham Lincoln Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
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President Andrew Johnson Becomes President
vice president Andrew Jackson becomes 17th US president -
Johnson Pardons the South
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Radical Republicans Champion for Black Civil Rights in Congress
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13th Amendment
abolition of slavery: slavery is not allowed in any state or territory under the government of the US -
Sharecropping Begins in the South
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Black Codes First Passed in the South
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Ku Klux Klan Formed
racist anti- Semitic committed to extreme violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation and white supremacy -
“Scalawags and Carpetbaggers”
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Freedmens Bureau Created
an agency created by the government that helped and protected newly freed African American find jobs, homes and education -
Period: to
Reconstruction Era
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14th Amendment
congress passed the 14th amendment which declared that all persons born naturalized in the US were citizens= rights -
Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
radical republicans in congress attempted to impeach and remove Johnson from office using the tenure of office act in 1868 -
Transcontinental Railroad Completed
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15th Amendment
black suffrage: citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of their race, color or being once slaves -
Hiram Rhode Revels Becomes First African American in Congress (Senate)
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Social Darwinism Theory Gains Popularity
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Nativism Spreads
political party of protecting the interests of native-born against those of immigrants -
Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller
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The “New South” wants Industrialization
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Jim Crow Laws Begin in South
Jim Crows laws were state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation -
Industrialization Begins to Boom
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Boss Tweed rise at Tammany Hall
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Telephone Invented by Alexander Graham Bell
the invention of the light bulb created by Alexander Graham Bell -
Reconstruction Ends
the period in American history that lasted from 1863 to 1877 -
Period: to
Gilded Age
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Light Bulb Invented by Thomas Edison
the invention of the light bulb created by Thomas Edison changed our lives -
3rd Wave of Immigration: “New Immigrants”
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Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
the first major act restricting immigration to the US -
Pendleton Act
federal employees were chosen based upon competitive exams -
Haymarket Massacre
strike in Chicago in favor of eight hour days where a bomb was thrown into a crowd killing one person and ended the Knight of Labor -
Dawes Act
to lift the native Americans out of poverty and to stimulate assimilation of them into mainstream American society -
Interstate Commerce Act
established the federal governments right to oversee railroad activities and required railroads to public their rate schedules and file them with the government -
Andrew Carnegie’s Book “Gospel of Wealth”
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
act was suppose to prohibit trusts and monopolies; was used to halt RR strike which threatened to restrain the nations mail delivery -
Carnegie Steel Company Founded by Andrew Carnegie
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Homestead Steel Labor Strike
Carnegie steel company against the nations strongest trade union, the amalgamated association of iron and steel workers -
Pullman Labor Strike
a nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that began in 1894 when employees of the Pullman palace car company began by the company reducing wages -
Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case
landmark decision of the U.S. supreme court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation
