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Socialism
A movement called socialism spread throughout Europe. Socialism is an economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of private, control of property and income. -
Sewing Machine
Elias Howe's created the first sewing machine. -
Compromise of 1850
California was admitted as a free state, but in the other territory acquired from Mexico, voters would decide the slavery issue for themselves. -
Safety Elebator
Elisha Otis develops a safety mechanism to prevent elevator car from suddenly falling. -
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska. -
Violence in Kansas
Southern proslavery forces attacked the free-state town of Lawrence, Kansas. -
Dred Scott
Dred Scott an enslaved African American from MIssouri, sued for his freedom in 1846. Between 1834 and 1838 he lived with a master in Illinois, which is a free state, The Supreme Court said Scotts couldn't sue because African Americans were not citizens. -
The American Institute of Architecture
The American Institute of Architecture was established to professionalize the practice. -
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln who is a Republican, challenged Stephen Douglas who is a Democrat, to a series of debates. -
First department store
Rowland H. Macy opened what he called a department store in New York in 1858, it became the largest single store in America -
First oil well
In 1859, Edwin Drake drilled what became the world's first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania. -
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin published, On the Originof Species, saying animals evolved by a process called, "Natural Selection." -
The Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas, John Bell, and John Breckinridge were the candidates for the next president. -
South Carolina leaves Union
Once Lincoln was elected, South Carolina dropped out of the Union. -
Confederate States of America
After South Carolina seceded from the Union, 6 other states also dropped the Union. All 7 states established, the Confederate States of America. The Confederate constitution stresses the independence of each state and the rights to secede -
Lincoln takes office
Lincoln was sworn in as President. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed 50,000 slaves. Whoever was in the rebellion againt the United States would be free. -
The Union Prevails
The Union succeeded in capurting Vicksburg, Mississippi. Advancing from Louisiana side of the Mississippi River, Union General, Ulysses S. Grant scored 5 victories in 3 weeks, ending with the surrender of 30,000 Confederate troops -
The North faces problems
Congress passes a draft law saying, all able-bodied men between 20-45 have to serve in the military. In New York City, white workers attacked free African Americans as well as wealthy New Yorkers who were able to pay a fee to avoid military service. -
Battle of Gerrysburg
Union troops defeated Lee at the town of Gettysburg. -
War is over
In Virginia town of Appomattox Court House, Lee Surrendered to Grant. -
Lincoln was assassinated
Lincoln gets assassinated at a play. -
The 14th Amendement
The 14th Amendment was ratified. -
Knights of Labor
Uriah Smith Stephens founded a Labor Union called Knights of Labor. -
Corporations in America
The number of corporations in America increased dramatically. -
The election of 1876
Samuel Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes were running for the election, Hayes won. -
Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell made the first telephone. -
Baseball
The National League organized it into a business. -
First major strike
Striking workers, responding to wage cuts, caused massive property desetruction in several cities. -
Light Bulb
Thomas Edison creates the electric light blub. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
This is act prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers, limited the civil rights of Chinese immigrants already in the United States, and forbade the naturalization of Chinese residents. -
Roller coaster
Lamarcus Thompson opened the world's first roller coaster, at 10 cents a ride. -
Spread of the Knights
By 1885, the Knights had grown to include 700,000 men and women nationwide, or every race and ethnicity. -
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers formed the (AFL) -
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
United States Senate created the (ICC) to oversee railroad operations. -
Streetcars
In Richmond, Virginia introduced a revolutionary: streetcars powered by overhead electric cables. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Senate passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, which outlawed trusts. -
Immigrants arriving
European immigrants arrived in New York Harbor, they were processed at Ellis Island -
First subway
Boston made the first nations subway system, New York followed in 1904. -
melting pot
In which white people of all different nationalities blended to create a single culture, this did not include Asian immigrants.