Timeline

By abdul0987654321
  • 400 BCE

    Hippocrates Era

    Hippocrates proposed the atomic theory, which states that everything is made of tiny particles, to explain disease from a rational perspective. Hippocrates believed that the body was composed of four humors, and imbalances were caused by climate, moisture, stars, meteorites, winds, vapors, and diet. He also introduced terms like epidemic and endemic.
  • 1546

    THE IDEA OF CONTAGION

    Girolamo Fracastoro recognized a number of infectious diseases, including syphilis, rabies, measles, and scabies, that are spread by certain contagia. These illnesses can be spread by airborne particles, direct contact with infected people, or contact with their clothing. According to Fracastoro, these infections can spread through three different channels: direct contact, contact with their clothing, or airborne transmission.

  • JOHN GRAUNT AND VITAL STATISTICS

    The first significant contribution to population record-keeping was made by ohn Graunt's "bills of mortality" in 1603. Vital statistics were expanded upon by William Farr, who also created a modern vital statistics system that is still in use today. He supported the idea of multifactorial etiology and distinguished between two categories of mortality.

  • DISEASE OBSERVATIONS

    Oxford Medical School alumnus Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) served in the military and as a college dean. In 1676, he made his findings public in a book titled Observationes Medicae. argues in his Medical Observations that because sickness symptoms are so consistent, clinicians should be able to categorize them in the same way that botanists categorize plants.His most important contributions were the classifications of the fevers that ravaged London in the 1660s and 1670s.

  • THE INVENTION OF THE MICROSCOPE

    By influencing developments in chemistry, histology, and microbiology, the microscope revolutionized the study of illness and medicine. The Janssen brothers, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, and Cornelius Drebbel all contributed to its development. Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to successfully use a microscope for the study of illness and medicine.

  • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    Ramazzini, an Italian doctor and professor of medicine, created original solutions to medical and public health issues. He investigated the physical and mechanical components of employment, such as varicose veins and sciatica, and recognized the risks of lead and mercury poisoning. To prevent illnesses related to the workplace, Ramazzini suggested adjusting posture, exercising, providing ventilation, and avoiding high temperatures.

  • EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCURVY

    James Lind kept a close eye on time, place, weather, and cuisine while observing the spread of scurvy in troops. He noted signs including spongy gums, under-the-skin hemorrhage, and acute weakness. The British navy's requirement for exercise, fresh air, and a healthy diet was inspired by Lind's observation that lemons and oranges were the most effective treatments for scurvy at sea.

  • EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COWPOX AND SMALLPOX

    In order to protect his family from smallpox, Benjamin Jesty gave them cowpox, which led to smallpox immunity. Jenner made an effort to infect a dairymaid with smallpox. With the help of the vaccine, smallpox was successfully eradicated during the Worldwide Global Smallpox Eradication Campaign in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

  • EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDBED FEVER

    Ignaz Semmelweis determined that the spread of childbed fever was caused by germs that the doctor transferred from patient to patient when doing pelvic exams. Between each examination, Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that washing hands with chlorinated lime reduced illness and deaths from childbed fever, but his finding was disregarded by his peers. One of the best cleanliness procedures for both medical professionals and laypeople nowadays is hand washing.

  • JOHN SNOW’S EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF CHOLERA

    John Snow, a renowned anesthesiologist and physician to Queen Victoria, is renowned for his groundbreaking work in epidemiology. He devised good and practical procedures, observed and noted significant elements related to the progression of the illness, and carried out two significant cholera investigative studies. Snow mapped statistics on the spread of the epidemic, he concluded that cholera is spread by water that has been tainted by the feces of persons who have the illness.

  • EPIDEMIOLOGY WORK OF PASTEUR

    The cause of anthrax was discovered by Louis Pasteur when he realized that earthworms carried anthrax spores and/or bacteria back to the surface. By injecting 50 sheep with anthrax and administering 25 sheep with Pasteur's vaccination, he was able to convincingly show that bacteria were the cause of sickness and that his vaccine was both efficient and safe.

  • EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

    Koch found the cholera bacteria, achieved steam sterilization, and identified the tubercle bacillus all in the year 1882. The germs that cause conjunctivitis that is contagious were also discovered by him. His most significant contributions to public health were the discovery of the bacteria that cause cholera and tuberculosis as well as the recognition of the significance of water filtration in the fight against disease.