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400 BCE
Hippocrates
Is a man also known as The Father of Western Medicine. He was a Greek physician that wrote down the treatments for patients, also had a strict code to protect the privacy and not harm any patients. -
Period: 400 BCE to 1400
Middle Ages
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350 BCE
Asclepius/Asclepeia
Asclepius had temples dedicated to the healer-god himself. It's a place of seeking medical advice,healing,and prognosis. In the shrines patients would be in a sleep-like state in ,unlike anesthesia, they were given guidance or cured by surgery. -
150 BCE
Galen
Galen was a Roman Physician(Greek Origin), surgeon, and philosopher. He was a physician to the gladiators. He was the doctrine of bodily humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black. He did anatomy demonstrations with dissection. His writings were used to train physicians for centuries all the way up to the renaissance. He documented the importance of a spinal cord, for the movement in our limbs, and preformed a tracheotomy to cure breathing problems. -
Period: 100 BCE to
The History of Medicine
Five major time periods -
Period: 100 BCE to 400 BCE
Ancient Times
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60 BCE
Dioscorides
Dioscorides was the Roman army Physician, also a Greek botanist and pharmacologist. He wrote De Materia Medica, an encyclopedia, describing over 600 herbs that can cure. Forming the influential pharmacopoeia which is used extensively for the following 1,500 years. -
541
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague started 541 to 544. It killed about 10,000 people a day when at its peak. Its also known as Black Death. It is, now, rare but serious bacterial infection thats transmitted by fleas or animals. -
643
Chen Ch'uan
Chen Ch'uan was a Chinese physician who described symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Chen noted that the symptoms were of thirst and sweetness of the urine of diabetics. -
700
Roman Contributions
The Romans invented many surgical instruments, including forceps, scalpels, cross-bladed scissors, surgical needle, etc. They have also preformed cataract surgery. -
865
Rhazes
Rhazes was a Persian physician. He built his ideas on top of also Hippocrates. He documented the differences between smallpox and measles. -
1025
The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine was complied from a Persian Philosopher named Avicenna. There are 5 volumes about greek and Arabic medicine. The dominant teachings of medicine until the 1700 and 1800 centuries. -
1210
Barber Surgeons
Barber Surgeons would cut more than hair. They practiced "bloodletting", cupping, pulling teeth, and enemas. They also severe with the military, treating battle wounds. They amputated limbs and cauterized(burned the stump to seal the skin vessels). The bloodied bandages were hung dry and used for advertisement which is the origin from the modern dat barber pole. -
Period: 1400 to
The Renaissance
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1440
Printing Press
The Printing Press is a device used for applying pressure into an ink surface resting on a printing medium such s paper or cloth, transferring ink. This helped ideas of medicine and books about medicine to be published and spread across the world. -
1500
Women
Women played big roles in health in Europe.Nuns provided for the poor.Catholic elites provided hospital services because they thought that theology of salvation that good works were the route to heaven.Protestants closed most hospitals,sending women to be wives against their will.Then officials saw the value of hospitals and continued on Protestant lands with the local government in control.The women were employed to serve as nurses and daughters sent to attend poor. -
1541
Paracelsus
Paracelsus was a innovator who rejected bookish knowledge,and lead to experimental research with mysticism.He rejected miracles under the Church,he looked for cures in nature.He pioneered the use of chemicals and minerals in medicine.He took an approach different from others,using anaolgy that humans must have certain balances of minerals in their bodies and that certain types of illnesses of the body had chemical remedies that could cure them.He was called the Father of Modern Medicine. -
1543
Anatomy
All the new ideas from the Renaissance allowed for the studies of Human Anatomy. At the time of this it was formerly forbidden by the church. This new idea and searching corrected many ideas. De humani corporis fabrica by Flemish anatomist Andreas Vesalius was the 1st accurate work on anatomy. -
1564
The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method was later on further developed during the Renaissance. A man named Galileo used controlled experiments and analyzed data to prove, or not, Galileo's theories. The process of this was later on refined by scientists such as Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon. -
Microscopes
Microscopes were invented by Zacharias Jasen's. But Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch, scientist was a pioneer of microscopy and in the late 17th century became the first nam to make a real microscope. -
Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
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Stethescopes
Stethoscopes were invited by Rene Laennec the year 1815. The stethoscope is used for auscultation, and listening to sounds produced by an organisms body. Mainly used for listening to lungs, and heart. -
Machines
Machines made big changes to medicine during the industrial revolution. Stethoscopes were invented. Blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa were seen with microscopes. Also Capillaries were discovered and Ether was first used, and invented, during this time. -
Capillaries
Capillaries are fine branching vessels that form networks between arterioles and venules. They were discovered by Marcello Malpighi and observed and described by Leonardo Da Vinci. -
Period: to
Modern Era
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Ether
Ether is a drug that was used to sedate people getting surgery done, instead go being awake during it. Its was used as an anesthetic because it had the same effects of it. The most common type of ether used was diethyl. The invention and used of ether made big changes in Medicine, people then didn't feel pain while they had surgery preformed on them. -
First Medical School
It is said that in the mid 18th century the first medical institution is known as the "University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine", and also known as "College, Academy, and Charity School of Philadelphia." was the first and only medical school and students enrolled for "anatomical lectures" and "the theory and practice of physik." -
Florence Nightingale
Women always served ancillary roles as midwives and healers. Medicine becoming now more professional pushed them back to the sidelines of medicine. They were trained in traditional methods like physical care that involved little knowledge of medicine. Florence resolved to provide more advance training that she saw on the Continent. At, Kaiserwerth there were the first German nursing schools founded. -
Germ Theory
Louis Pasteur was the man who invented the gym theory. HE proved that the germ theory of disease gave him the crowning achievement of the French scientist Louis Pasteur. -
Cardiac Surgery
Daniel Hale Williams performed the second successful heart surgery in the United States. The surgery was a big step to medical advancement and a big step for the fight for equality since Daniel Hale Williams was one of the United States few black cardiologists at the time. -
Blood Tranfusions- James Blundell/ Karl Landstiener
In 1818, a British Obstetrician James Blundell successfully transfused human to a patient who hemorrhaged during childbirth. In 1901, Landsteiner an Austrian physician discovered the first human blood groups, which helped blood transfusions be safer to be and practice. -
The First Laparoscopic Surgery
In 1902 the first Laparoscopic Surgery was performed by Georg Kelling form Dresden Germany performed the surgery on a dog. And in 1910, Hans Christian Jacobeus from Sweden used the approach to operate an a human. Over time the produce has been used and refined by a number of people. -
Women As Physicians
Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to formally study and practice medicine in the U.S.She lead the women's medical education,but Blackwell saw medicine as social and moral reform.Mary Putnam student of Elizabeth focused on curing disease,Blackwell felt that women will succeed in medicine because of female values and Putnam believed that women should be equals to men in all medical specialties using the same methods,values,and insights.(Even through bad intentions she helped in a way) -
The First Successful Kidney Transplant
Joseph E. Murray and colleagues at "Peter Bent Brigham Hospital" in Boston, was were the first successful kidney transplant happened form one twin to the other one. This was done with out immunosuppressive medication. -
The First Successful Liver Transplant
The first successful liver transplant was performed by Dr. Starzl on 1967. His first attempt to a liver transplant failed due to uncontrolled bleeding. But his second attempted was a success. Both performed at the University of Colorado. -
World's First Full Face Transplant
The first full face transplant lasted 27 hours. His name was Oscar a Spanish and 31 year old man. The surgical team had 30 people in it and the head of it was Dr. Joan Pere Barret. He told him that he would need a year of physical therapy and he then had up to 90% of his facial functions back.
