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The Romantic Period (Twentieth Century) Genres
Anthem, Aria, Balade (poetic/vocal), Ballade (instrumental), Ballet, Character piece (miniature), Concerto. Etude, Incidental Music, Intermezzo, Landler, Lied, March, Marzuka, Minstrel song, Motet, Music Drama, Nocturne, Opera:
German romantic opera
Italian opera seria
Italian comic opera
Grand opera
Opera comique
Opera bouffe
French lyric opera
Italian tragic opera
Opera semiseria -
The Romantic Period (Twentieth Century) Genres (cont'd)
Operetta, Orchestral Lied, Overture, Piano quartet, Piano trio, Prelude, Program symphony, Recitative, Sonata, Song cycle, String quartet, String duet, Symphonic poem (tone poem), Symphony, Tone poem -
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Gustav Mahler
Austrian Composer; some orchestral works can represent Maximalism; large 10 programmatic symphonies, orchestral lieder; conductor in Europe and the USA -
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Claude Debussy
French composer and pianist; inventor of musical impressionism; influential modern composer -
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Richard Strauss
Composer of tone poems and some of the first modern operas; accomplished conductor; works epitomize Maximalism -
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Jean Sibelius
Finnish; his later music is more modern -
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Erik Satie
Not an impressionist, but a leader in new French aesthetics on which impressionism was built; incredible innovator -
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Amy Marcy Cheney Beach
American composer and pianist; very successful in Europe; conservative style; wrote scholarly articles -
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Scott Joplin
American; popularized ragtime -
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Ralph Vaughan Williams
Became the leader in English music; collector and editor of folksongs and hymns, musical editor of the English Hymnal; teacher and conductor -
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Aleksander Skryabin
Influenced by chromaticism and impressionism; complex original harmonic language; virtuoso pianist -
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Sergei Rachmaniov
Not interested in nationalism; master of melody; virtuoso pianist; toured the USA -
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Charles Ives
American; probably the most innovative, original, and creative of all 20th century composers; worked virtually in isolation; made a living in insurance -
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Arnold Schoenberg
The father of 12-tone music; important as an innovator; teacher of Webern and Berg -
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Gustav Holst
English; influenced by folksong and Hindu mysticism; original composer and important teacher -
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Maurice Ravel
French Composer; extremely versatile; innovator in pianistic style; expert orchestator -
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Manuel de Falla
The principal Spanish composer of the 20th century; used Spanish popular and folk music; earned international fame -
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Bela Bartok
Hungarian composer and pianist; important enthomusicologist; known for his rhythmic music; he incorporated his own native folk music into his compositions -
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Igor Stravinsky
One of the most versatile and interesting composers of the 20th century; rhythmic style; harmonically interesting -
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Zoltan Kodaly
Hungarian; ethnomusicoligist, music educator, created moveable 'do' solfege system -
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Anton von Webern
Student of Schoenberg; known for his musical brevity and clarity of texture; uses pointillism; wrote no operas -
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Alban Berg
Student of Schoenberg; expressive language; often atonal -
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Nadia Boulanger
Important teacher of composers in the 20th century; most prominent American composers of the first half of the century studied with her; conductor and composer -
Impressionism
Introduced by Claude Debussy. Melodies was an important element of Impressionism, but not required to follow through inception, growth, and resolution. Rhythmic vitality is not an aspect of Impressionism -
Maximalism
A style in which musical elements are pushed to the extreme, mainly used by Mahler and Strauss. The music used was rich in motives and themes; often used in orchestra -
Period: to
Francis Poulnec
French composer; delicate and sometimes irreverent style; harmonically charming -
Expressionism
Arnold Schoenberg created Expressionism in Germany; this style created 12-note technique; Melodies are optional, harmonies unable to be analyzed, and texture undetermined. -
London Symphony Orchestra Founded
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World War I starts
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World War I ends
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Stock Market Crash