-
Period: 224 to Apr 17, 651
sasanid empire
The Empire was founded by Ardashir I,The Empire lasted until Yazdegerd III lost control of his empire in a series of invasions from the Arab Caliphate -
Period: 250 to
maya civilization
many Maya cities reached their highest state of development during the Classic period (c. 250 AD to 900 AD), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish. The most notable monuments are the stepped pyramids they built in their religious centers and the accompanying palaces of their rulers. -
Period: 306 to Apr 17, 1453
constantinople
Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city. Constantinople was founded by the Roman emperor Constantine I. In 1453, when the Ottoman Turks captured the city -
Period: 306 to Apr 17, 1453
byzantine empire
ruled by constantine I by 306–337, then ruled by constantine XI by 1449–1453. the Empire remained one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe, despite setbacks and territorial losses, especially during the Roman–Persian and Byzantine–Arab Wars. Most of its remaining territories were lost in the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars, which culminated in the Fall of Constantinople and the cession of remaining territories to the Muslim Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. -
Apr 17, 610
foundation of islam
Was founded by Muhammad as it was said in the Qur'an -
Apr 17, 632
split between sunni and shi'ite
sunni and shi'ite split because of the argument on the caliphate selection.
Shiites thought that Muhammad had pronounced Ali is Caliphate while Sunnies thought that it should be according to a poll conducted by public -
Period: Apr 17, 661 to Apr 17, 750
umayyad caliphate
At its greatest extent, it covered more than five million square miles, making it one of the largest empires the world had yet seen and the fifth largest contiguous empire ever to exist. After the Umayyads were overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate, they fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus, where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until 1031 -
Period: Apr 17, 711 to Apr 17, 1492
muslims conquer spain
Muslim forces invaded and in seven years conquered the Iberian peninsula. It became one of the great Muslim civilizations. Muslim rule declined after that and ended in 1492 when Granada was conquered. -
Period: Apr 17, 750 to Apr 17, 1258
abbasid cali[phate
The Abbasid caliphate was founded by the descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, in Harran in 750 CE and shifted its capital in 762 to Baghdad. It flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks.The Abbasids' rule was briefly ended for three years in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol khan, sacked Baghdad, -
Period: Apr 17, 1060 to Apr 17, 1307
seljuk turks
In the 10th century the Seljuqs migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland Persia, in the province of Khurasan, where they mixed with the local population and adopted the Persian culture and language in the following decades. remembered as great patrons of Persian culture, art, literature, and language. -
Period: Apr 17, 1095 to Apr 17, 1291
crusades
were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns, waged by much of Roman Catholic Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire. The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years -
Period: Apr 17, 1174 to Apr 17, 1193
saladin
At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen.He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. As such, he is a notable figure in Kurdish, Arab, and Muslim culture.rather than becoming a hated figure in Europe, he became a celebrated example of the principles of chivalry. -
Period: Apr 17, 1200 to Apr 17, 1532
inca civilzation
the Incas began a far-reaching expansion under the command of Pachacutec. He founded the Inca Empire or Tahuantinsuyo, which became the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. n 1533, Spanish Conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro, took advantage of this situation and conquered much of the existing Inca territory. -
Period: Apr 17, 1206 to Apr 17, 1294
mongol invasions
Mongol invasions progressed throughout the 13th century, resulting in the vast Mongol Empire which covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe by 1300. -
Period: Apr 17, 1206 to Apr 17, 1227
genghis khan
He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire,he started the Mongol invasions that would ultimately result in the conquest of most of Eurasia. He decreed the adoption of the Uyghur script as the Mongol Empire's writing system. He also promoted religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, -
Period: Apr 17, 1206 to Apr 17, 1527
Delhi Sultanate
The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. In 1526 the Delhi Sultanate was absorbed by the emerging Mughal Empire -
Apr 17, 1215
magna carta
is an English charter, originally issued in the year 1215, and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions that omit certain temporary provisions, including the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority. -
Period: Apr 17, 1235 to
Mali empire
The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River. The Mali empire extended over a large area and consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces. -
Period: Apr 17, 1250 to Apr 17, 1517
mamluks
The Mamluk Sultanate famously beat back the Mongols and fought the Crusaders. While mamluks were purchased, their status was above ordinary slaves, who were not allowed to carry weapons or perform certain tasks. mamluks were considered to be “true lords,” with social status above freeborn Muslims. -
Period: Apr 17, 1261 to Apr 17, 1513
abbasid caliphate
resuming in Mamluk Egypt in 1261, from where they continued to claim authority in religious matters until 1519, when power was formally transferred to the Ottomans and the capital relocated to Constantinople. -
Period: Apr 17, 1300 to
renaissance
is a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man -
Period: Apr 17, 1312 to Apr 17, 1337
Mansa Musa
Emperor of the Malian Empire. Musa held many titles, including Emir of Melle, Lord of the Mines of Wangara, and conqueror of Ghanata, Futa-Jallon, and at least another dozen states.He was perhaps the wealthiest ruler of his day. -
Period: Apr 17, 1330 to Apr 17, 1521
aztec civilzation
dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a battle that ended on August 13 with the destruction of the city. During this period the now crumbling empire went through a rapid line of ruler succession. After the death of Moctezuma II, the empire fell into the hands of severely weakened emperors, such as Cuitláhuac, before eventually being ruled by puppet rulers, such as Andrés de Tapia Motelchiuh, installed by the Spanish. -
Period: Apr 17, 1337 to Apr 17, 1453
hundred years war
was a series of wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. -
Period: Apr 17, 1340 to
songhai kingdom
was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. In 1340, the Songhai took advantage of the Mali Empire's decline and successfully asserted its independence. Following the death of Emperor Askia Daoud, a civil war of succession weakened the Empire -
Period: Apr 17, 1368 to
ming empire
The Ming, one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history, was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Hans.The collapse of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu under Nurhaci. -
Period: Apr 17, 1370 to Apr 17, 1405
timur
Timur was a military genius but sometimes lacking in political sense. He tended not to leave a government apparatus behind in lands he conquered, and was often faced with the need to reconquer such lands after inevitable rebellions.he was attacked by fever and plague and died at Atrar. -
Period: Apr 17, 1371 to Apr 17, 1435
zheng He
was a Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, collectively referred to as the "Voyages of Zheng He" -
Apr 17, 1440
gutenberg press
Johannes Gutenberg's work on the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehn. However, it was not until a 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that an official record exists; witnesses' testimony discussed Gutenberg's types, an inventory of metals (including lead), and his type molds.[ -
Period: Apr 17, 1462 to Apr 17, 1505
Ivan IIII
He tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. He was one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history. -
establishment of Holy roman Empire
Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 and was thus the forerunner of the Holy Roman Empire, largely because he had inaugurated the tradition of imperial coronation by the Pope of the Catholic Church. -
Period: to
sui empire
the sui empire began when Emperor Wen's daughter became the Empress Dowager of Northern Zhou,Eventually resentment of the emperor increased and the wars, coupled with revolts and assassinations, led to the fall of the Sui Dynasty. One great accomplishment was rebuilding the Great Wall of China -
Period: to Apr 17, 1279
song empire
It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well as first discernment of true north using a compass. The Song Dynasty is divided into two distinct periods: the Northern Song and Southern Song. The economy of the Song Dynasty was one of the most prosperous and advanced economies in the medieval world.The innovation of movable type -
Period: to Apr 17, 1349
kievan russia
Originally founded by East Slavic Tribes and Scandinavian warriors. The reigns of Vladimir the Great (980–1015) and his son Yaroslav I the Wise (1019–1054) constitute the Golden Age of Kiev. the collapse of Rus' commercial ties to Byzantium due to the decline of Constantinople,[9] the drying up of trade routes and the subsequent Mongol invasion of Rus'. -
Period: to
charlemagne
King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814.During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800. -
Period: to Apr 17, 1235
Ghana empire
The Empire grew rich from the trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt. it is difficult to determine when and how Ghana declined and fell. -
Period: to
tang empire
It was founded by the Li family, the Tang abandoned the nine-rank system in favor of a large civil service system, Silk Road was reopened by the Tang. the Huang Chao Rebellion resulted in the sacking of both Chang'an and Luoyang, and took an entire decade to suppress. Although the rebellion was defeated by the Tang, it never recovered from that crucial blow, weakening it for the future military powers to take over.
