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Common school movement
A man named Horace Mann (who was elected secretary of the newly founded Massachusetts Board of Education in 1837) advocated to bring forth state sponsored education by using the states taxes to fund schools. This movement allowed students to go to public schools and learn for free. . -
Plessy v. Ferguson
when train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in the cart designated for black people. In which got him detained and jailed. Believing his rights were violated Plessy filed a petition with Judge Hon.John H. Ferguson, claiming this was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Despite his efforts the court ruled that a law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between white people and Black people was not unconstitutional. -
Measurement Movement
The Measurement Movement was started by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon. This movement involves measuring intelligence in each person's brain. The Measurement Movement created the IQ test. An IQ score can tell us if a student needs extra help or if they are advanced for their age group.Opening up more oppurtunities for students to grow. -
Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka
Due to the event of Plessy v. Ferguson, racially segregated facilities were legal as long as the facilities were equal. Oliver Brown filed a class-action suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas in 1951 after his daughter, Linda Brown, was denied entrance to Topeka’s all-white elementary schools. As a result, the Court ruled that the plaintiffs were being “deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment." -
Head Start Program
Head Start was created to help low-income preschoolers by providing them with a program that can meet their needs in areas like emotional, social, health, and psychological well-being. Head Start started out as a project that lasted eight weeks, but now includes full-day and year-long services. This program is made possible by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which was passed by President Johnson during the War on Poverty. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
Five students in Des Moines, Iowa decided to wear black arm bands to school in protest of the Vietnam War. The school district warned the students that if they wore the arm bands, they would be suspended. Despite this warning, three of the students still wore the arm bands. The students were then sent home and told not to return to school until they agreed not to wear the arm bands. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students, 7-2, saying that wearing the arm bands was a form of speech. -
Title IX
A comprehensive law specifically known as Title IX has eliminated numerous obstacles that formerly restricted people from participating in the educational opportunities and occupations of their choosing on the basis of sex. It declares: No one in the United States may be denied access to, denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity that receives financial support from the federal government. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
In 1970, many children were denied proper education and only one in five disabled student were properly educated. Some laws were even set in place against those with disabilities including being deaf or blind. In 1975, congress put forth the EHA to support states and localities in protecting the rights of, meeting the individual needs of, and improving the results for infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities and their families. -
Pyler v. Doe
The Court reasoned that although illegal immigrants and their children are not officially citizens of the United States or of Texas, they are people and are therefore entitled to protections under the Fourteenth Amendment. The state rule was overturned by the court because it adversely disadvantaged children of illegal immigrants by denying them the right to an education and because Texas was unable to demonstrate that the restriction was required to protect a "compelling state interest." -
Standards Movement
The Standards Movement began with the publication of the Nation at Risk report. This report urged states and schools to set academic standards for students in each grade, and it provided guidance to educators on what students should know at each grade level. Standards also help determine what curricula teachers and schools use to meet the required standards. -
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
a group of students in Hazelwood East High School produced their school paper, Spectrum.Reynolds checked the paper and found two articles that concerned him.He decided to delete the two pages with the questionable articles.The journalism students felt that this censorship from the school officials violated their First Amendment rights to a free press.The Court concluded that the First Amendment allows school officials to use reasonable authority over the content of school-sponsored publications. -
No Child left behind
The No Child Left Behind Act was passed by Congress in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2002. The goal of this law is to improve student success by yearly standardized assessment. These tests would quantify education progress and hold each school accountable for student performance.