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Period: Jul 24, 1567 to
James l
He became king of England in 1603. He too struggled with the Parliament about money because of Elizabeth’s unsettled issues. He agreed to a new translation of the Bible instead of making Puritan reforms. -
Death of Elizabeth l
She had no children and she only had one close relative, James Stuart. She had many financial conflicts with the Parliament because the treasury didn’t have enough for the queen’s expenses.She left her successor in major debt after she died in 1603. -
Period: to
Charles l
He became king after his father, James l , died in 1625. The Parliament refused to give him money several times. He was at war with Spain and France. He had to sign the Petition of Rights in order for the Parliament to give him funds. -
Charles l calls Parliament back into Session
Charles tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the the Anglican prayer book in 1637. He wanted both of his kingdoms to accept one religion. He was threatened by the Scots. He needed money to avenge the danger towards his kingdom. It was possible that Parliament could oppose him. -
Petition of Rights
A document that says that the king would not imprison subjects without due cause, not levy taxes with Parliament’s consent, not house soldiers in private homes, and not impose martial law in peacetime. Charles l approved and it became an official document. -
Charles I dissolves Parliament
He ignored the petition after agreeing to it. He then dissolved Parliament. He was in need for money, he then charged the English people with fees and fines. His population then decreased each year. -
Parliament Limits Royal Power
Parliament passed laws that to limit royal power. Charles tried to arrest Parliament leaders in January 1642, but they escaped. A mod of Londoners raged on the outside of the palace causing for Charles to leave London. There he raised his own army in the north of England. -
Period: to
English Civil War
Supporters, Royalists or Cavaliers, and opponents, Puritan supporters of Parliament, of Charles fought -
Oliver Cromwell
The Puritans found general Oliver Cromwell who could win over Charles and his army. Cromwell’s New Model Army started to defeat the Cavaliers in 1645. -
Oliver Cromwell Ends the Monarchy
In 1649, he abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. He made a republican, commonwealth form of government. -
Period: to
Oliver Cromwell Rules England
Cromwell became king after Charles l execution. He then made major changes to the country and its government. -
Charles l Execution
They then held the king as a prisoner who went to trial for treason against the Parliament in 1649. He was sentenced to death and proved guilty. He faced a public trial and execution. -
Parliament Members get sent Home
He sent Parliament home -
Restoration
Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 and the government collapsed. A new Parliament was chosen. -
Parliament asks Charles ll to Rule England
In 1659 the Parliament asked for Charles ll to rule England -
Period: to
Charles ll Reigns over England
In 1660, his reign began. He restored the monarchy. Parliament passed guarantee of freedom, Habeas corpus, or Latin for “to have the body”. Prisoners were given the right to get a rit or document ordering to be able to appear before the judge to discuss the charges of the prisoner in 1679. They then have to wait for the decision to be tried or set free. The Habeas Corpus demanded that someone cannot be arrested for opposing the ruler and cannot be held without trials. -
Habeas Corpus Passes
Charles didn’t have any children so the Parliament passed his throne on to his brother James, who was Catholic. The Whigs opposed James while the Tories supported him. -
Period: to
James ll
Charles ll died in 1685, and James became king. He offended his subjects by displaying Catholicism. He appointed Catholics to high office while violating English law. James’s second gave birth, in 1688, to his son. Soon English Protestants became terrified of the line of Catholic kings. -
William and Mary
Mary is James’s older daughter who married William of Orange, a prince of the Netherlands, and was a Protestant. They were invited by the Parliament to overthrow James for Protestantism. -
Glorious Revolution
ames fled to France in 1688 after being threatened by William and his army. James was then overthrown and this was known as the Glorious Revolution. -
English Bill of Rights
It was written in 1689 by Parliament. The ruler couldn’t suspend any of Parliament’s laws, levy any taxes without a specific grant from Parliament, interfere with freedom of speech in Parliament, give a penalty to a citizen who petitions the king about grievances. -
Constitutional Monarchy
After 1688, no British monarch could rule without the consent of Parliament while the Parliament couldn’t rule without consent from the monarch. If they were to disagree, the government was a standstill. In the 1700s, the cabinet was made that linked the monarch and majority of the party in the Parliament. The cabinet became the center of power and policymaking. The leader of the party in Parliament and the cabinet was called the prime minister. That became the system of the English government.
