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Joseph Marie Jacquard
In France, Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom that uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs. Early computers would use similar punch cards. Image source;
http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/large/PRODPIC-19901.jpg -
Charles Babbage
English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers. The project, funded by the English government, is a failure. More than a century later, however, the world’s first computer was actually built. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Charles_Babbage_1860.jpg By Unknown staff artist for The Illustrated London News -
Herman Hollerith
Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880 census, accomplishing the task in just three years and saving the government $5 million. He establishes a company that would ultimately become IBM. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Hollerith.jpg By Bell, C. M. (Charles Milton), ca. 1849-1893, photographer. -
Alan Turing
Alan Turing presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, capable of computing anything that is computable. The central concept of the modern computer was based on his ideas. Image source;
http://a2.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fill,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE5NDg0MDU1MTUzMTE2Njg3.jpg -
J.V. Atanasoff
J.V. Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State University, attempts to build the first computer without gears, cams, belts or shafts. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/John_Atanasov.gif By Source (WP:NFCC#4), Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37152299 -
J.V. Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry, design a computer that can solve 29 equations simultaneously. This marks the first time a computer is able to store information on its main memory. Image source;
http://www.infonet.co.jp/ueyama/ip/history/atanasoff_berry.gif -
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Two University of Pennsylvania professors, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). Considered the grandfather of digital computers, it fills a 20-foot by 40-foot room and has 18,000 vacuum tubes. Image source;
http://www.thocp.net/biographies/pictures/eckert_and_mauchly2.jpg -
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Mauchly and Presper leave the University of Pennsylvania and receive funding from the Census Bureau to build the UNIVAC, the first commercial computer for business and government applications. Imge source;
http://www.thocp.net/biographies/pictures/eckert_and_mauchly2.jpg -
William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain
William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories invent the transistor. They discovered how to make an electric switch with solid materials and no need for a vacuum. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Bardeen_Shockley_Brattain_1948. By AT photographer: Jack St. (last part of name not stamped well enough to read), New York, New York. - eBay itemphoto frontphoto back, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17898468 -
Grace Hopper
Grace Hopper develops the first computer language, which eventually becomes known as COBOL. Thomas Johnson Watson Jr., son of IBM CEO Thomas Johnson Watson Sr., conceives the IBM 701 EDPM to help the United Nations keep tabs on Korea during the war. Image source;
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02759/grace-hopper_2759716k.jpg -
FORTRAN
The FORTRAN programming language is born. Image source;
http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/fortranarchive/img/fortran.jpg -
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit, known as the computer chip. Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his work. Image source;
http://cdn3.list25.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/6-Jack-Kilby-and-Robert-Noyce-the-inventor-of-computer-chip_tn.jpg -
Douglas Engelbart
Douglas Engelbart shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI). This marks the evolution of the computer from a specialized machine for scientists and mathematicians to technology that is more accessible to the general public. Image source;
https://www.dkit.ie/system/files/IFWT_Douglas-Engelbart1.jpg -
UNIX
A group of developers at Bell Labs produce UNIX, an operating system that addressed compatibility issues. Written in the C programming language, UNIX was portable across multiple platforms and became the operating system of choice among mainframes at large companies and government entities. Due to the slow nature of the system, it never quite gained traction among home PC users. Image source;
http://www.unix.org/u30logo/itm-unix30logo.gif By Ignacio Torres Masdeu -
Intel DRAM Chip
The newly formed Intel unveils the Intel 1103, the first Dynamic Access Memory (DRAM) chip. Image Source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Intel_i1103.JPG By Chrihern (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons -
Invention of the Floppy Disk
Alan Shugart leads a team of IBM engineers who invent the “floppy disk,” allowing data to be shared among computers. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Floppy_disk_2009_G1.jpg By George Chernilevsky - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6963942 -
Ethernet
Robert Metcalfe, a member of the research staff for Xerox, develops Ethernet for connecting multiple computers and other hardware. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/EthernetCableBlue2.jpg By Raysonho @ Open Grid Scheduler / Grid Engine - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39134332 -
Altair 8080 & the Formation of Microsoft
The January issue of Popular Electronics magazine features the Altair 8080, described as the "world's first minicomputer kit to rival commercial models." Two "computer geeks," Paul Allen and Bill Gates, offer to write software for the Altair, using the new BASIC language. On April 4, after the success of this first endeavor, the two childhood friends form their own software company, Microsoft. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Altair_8800_Computer.jpg -
Formation of Apple Computers and release of Apple I
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers on April Fool’s Day and roll out the Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Apple_I_Computer.jpg By Ed Uthman - originally posted to Flickr as Apple I Computer, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7180001 -
Personal Computers Hit the Market ~ 1974 - 1977
A number of personal computers hit the market, including Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair, IBM 5100, RadioShack’s TRS-80 —affectionately known as the “Trash 80” — and the Commodore PET. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Commodore_PET2001.jpg By Photographer: Tomislav Medak from Flickr / Editing: Bill Bertram (Pixel8) - http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomislavmedak/3803230853/, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7644700 -
TRS-80
Radio Shack's initial production run of the TRS-80 was just 3,000. It sold like crazy. For the first time, non-geeks could write programs and make a computer do what they wished. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Radioshack_TRS80-IMG_7206.jpg By Rama & Musée Bolo - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37010666 -
Apple II Released
Jobs and Wozniak incorporate Apple and show the Apple II at the first West Coast Computer Faire. It offers color graphics and incorporates an audio cassette drive for storage. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Apple_II_tranparent_800.png By Rama, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29591429 -
VisiCalc Released
Accountants rejoice at the introduction of VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet program. Image source;
http://www.bricklin.com/02084c00.gif -
Wordstar Released
Word processing becomes a reality as MicroPro International releases WordStar. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Wordstar_Screenshot.png By Source, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37398368 -
IBM PC Released
The first IBM personal computer, code-named “Acorn,” is introduced. It uses Microsoft’s MS-DOS operating system. It has an Intel chip, two floppy disks and an optional color monitor. Sears & Roebuck and Computerland sell the machines, marking the first time a computer is available through outside distributors. It also popularizes the term PC. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Ibm_pc_5150.jpg By Ruben de Rijcke - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, -
Apple's Lisa Released
Apple’s Lisa is the first personal computer with a GUI. It also features a drop-down menu and icons. It flops but eventually evolves into the Macintosh. The Gavilan SC is the first portable computer with the familiar flip form factor and the first to be marketed as a “laptop.” Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Apple_Lisa.jpg CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18061 -
First dot-com domain name is registered
The first dot-com domain name is registered on March 15, years before the World Wide Web would mark the formal beginning of Internet history. The Symbolics Computer Company, a small Massachusetts computer manufacturer, registers Symbolics.com. More than two years later, only 100 dot-coms had been registered. Image source;
http://spinbirdgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/your-name-dot.com_.jpg -
Microsoft Windows Announced
Microsoft announces Windows, its response to Apple’s GUI. Commodore unveils the Amiga 1000, which features advanced audio and video capabilities. Image source;
http://img01.ibnlive.in/ibnlive/uploads/2012/02/2-180212.jpg -
Compaq Launch Deskpro 386
Compaq brings the Deskpro 386 to market. Its 32-bit architecture provides as speed comparable to mainframes. Image source;
http://i.imgur.com/QQkCPdg.jpg -
HTML Developed
Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, the high-energy physics laboratory in Geneva, develops HyperText Markup Language (HTML), giving rise to the World Wide Web. Image source;
http://dannykapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/html-on-sheet.jpg -
Pentium Microprocessor Advancements
The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics and music on PCs. Image source;
http://rarecpus.com/images/A80501-60_SX835.jpg -
Games Introduced to PC
PCs become gaming machines as "Command & Conquer," "Alone in the Dark 2," "Theme Park," "Magic Carpet," "Descent" and "Little Big Adventure" are among the games to hit the market. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3a/Alone_in_the_Dark_2_Coverart.png By Source, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18324094 -
Google Developed
Sergey Brin and Larry Page develop the Google search engine at Stanford University. Image source;
http://www.incomediary.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/larry-page-sergey-brin.jpg -
Microsoft invests $150 million in Apple
Microsoft invests $150 million in Apple, which was struggling at the time, ending Apple’s court case against Microsoft in which it alleged that Microsoft copied the “look and feel” of its operating system. Image source;
http://kensegall.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/microsoft_shadow2.jpg -
Beginning of WiFi
The term Wi-Fi becomes part of the computing language and users begin connecting to the Internet without wires. Image source;
http://media.flysfo.com/Wifi-Hotspots%20(1).gif -
Apple unveils the Mac OS X operating system
Apple unveils the Mac OS X operating system, which provides protected memory architecture and pre-emptive multi-tasking, among other benefits. Not to be outdone, Microsoft rolls out Windows XP, which has a significantly redesigned GUI. Image source;
http://www.macxdvd.com/mac-dvd-video-converter-how-to/article-image/mac-os-x.png -
AMD release the First 64-bit Processor
The first 64-bit processor, AMD’s Athlon 64, becomes available to the consumer market. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/AMD_Athlon64.png By Source, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22473453 -
Mozilla’s Firefox 1.0 and Facebook
Mozilla’s Firefox 1.0 challenges Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, the dominant Web browsers. Facebook, a social networking site, launches. Image source;
http://cdn.redmondpie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Firefox-17-facebook-integration.png -
YouTube and Android
YouTube, a video sharing service, is founded. Google acquires Android, a Linux-based mobile phone operating system. Image source;
http://droidlessons.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/YouTube.jpg -
Macbook Pro, Intel- based iMac and Nintendo Wii Hit Market
Apple introduces the MacBook Pro, its first Intel-based, dual-core mobile computer, as well as an Intel-based iMac. Nintendo’s Wii game console hits the market. Image source;
http://1u88jj3r4db2x4txp44yqfj1.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/nintendo-apple-logo.jpg -
iPhone is launched
The iPhone brings many computer functions to the smartphone. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/IPhone_2G_PSD_Mock.png By Justin14 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27293141 -
Microsoft launch Windows 7
Microsoft launches Windows 7, which offers the ability to pin applications to the taskbar and advances in touch and handwriting recognition, among other features. Image source;
https://harvestzhang.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/windows-7-logo.jpg -
Apple unveils the iPad
Apple unveils the iPad, changing the way consumers view media and jumpstarting the dormant tablet computer segment. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/IPad_1_PSD_Mockup.png By Justin14 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25720064 -
Google release the Chromebook
Google releases the Chromebook, a laptop that runs the Google Chrome OS. Image source;
http://cdn1.alphr.com/sites/alphr/files/images/dir_331/it_photo_165589.jpg -
Facebook gains 1 billion users
Facebook gains 1 billion users on October 4. Image source;
http://162.13.12.83/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/File-12.png -
Apple releases the Apple Watch
Apple releases the Apple Watch. Image source;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/White_AppleWatch_with_Screen.png By Justin14 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35261500 -
Microsoft releases Windows 10
Microsoft releases Windows 10. Image source;
http://static.myce.com/images_posts/2015/05/windows-10-logo.gif
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